目　录

作者自介

前言

利用本书记忆TOEFL词汇的方法

本书体例说明

按学科分类

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按意群分类

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附录一　索引

附录二　阅读必备重要词组

附录三　托福经典400题

词以类记．TOEFL iBT词汇

Vocabulary Classified

■张红岩　编著

TOEFL is the registered trademark of Educational Testing Service (ETS).

This publication is not endorsed or approved by ETS.

图书在版编目（CIP）数据

词以类记．TOEFL iBT词汇／张红岩编著．—北京：群言出版社，2013.6

ISBN 978-7-80256-425-1

Ⅰ．①词…　Ⅱ．①张…　Ⅲ．①TOEFL—词汇—自学参考资料　Ⅳ．①H313

中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字（2013）第063795号

出版人　　范　芳

责任编辑　盛利君

封面设计　大愚设计

出版发行　群言出版社（Qunyan Press）

地　　址　北京东城区东厂胡同北巷1号

邮政编码　100006

网　　站　www.qypublish.com

电子信箱　bj62605588@163.com　qunyancbs@126.com

总编办　　010-65265404　65138815

编辑部　　010-62418641　65276609　65262436

发行部　　010-62605019　62263345　65220236

经　　销　全国新华书店

读者服务　010-65220236　65265404　65263345

法律顾问　北京市国联律师事务所

印　　刷　北京慧美印刷有限公司

版　　次　2013年7月第1版

印　　次　2013年7月第1次印刷

开　　本　880×1230　1/32

印　　张　13.25

字　　数　347千

书　　号　ISBN 978-7-80256-425-1

定　　价　35.00元

［版权所有，侵权必究］

如有缺页、倒页、脱页等印装质量问题，请拨打服务热线：010-62605166。

作者自介

自幼随父母拓荒于大兴安岭，长于辽西重镇兴城。求学乃率性而为，先后修习英语、计算机和工商管理三门工具，尝以五年青春韶华，挥洒新东方讲坛，弟子逾二十万，所著《TOEFL词汇精选》，竞蒙数十万众青年才俊错爱。尝游学欧洲，亲历全球顶级MBA教育，蒙国际友人抬爱，破百年惯例，以华人身份当选法国高商（HEC）MBA学生会主席，更深了解所谓欧洲主流社会，深悟英语实乃一工具，法国人多数掌握，而选择弃之不用。安能使国人有朝一日既可摒弃英语，又可屹立于世界民族之林，思前想后，唯有一解，先以高效方式征服英语，方可希冀某日凌驾其上，乃以语言巨人之态，屹立世界之东方。特盼读者以此为目的修习此书。

前　言

屈指算来，从最初踏上新东方TOEFL讲坛至今，十年时光，稍纵即逝。当年在新东方课堂上孜孜不倦的耕耘者，有的最终留学了，现在“海归”或“海待”了，而留守者也已经做到单位的中高层了。无论是教者还是学者，回首那段倾力学习TOEFL的日子，均感慨万千，回看人生奋斗的轨迹，徒生“人生漫长，关键处只有几步！”的感慨。留学是一个年轻人生命中的一件大事，它确实改变了很多人的人生轨迹。在我们国家日益向大国转变的今天，我们可以非常理性地预见，在祖国未来的发展中，将有相当多的具有海外留学或工作经验的人成为各行各业的领头人。只要留学这件事情是一个正确的选择，则帮助大家准备留学这件事情就值得我们付出宝贵的时光去做。

本书的出版，经过了作者再三的琢磨，作为一个以英语教育为价值体现的教育者，我希望通过这些经过岁月琢磨的文字，给正在经历者以深刻的启迪，让他们能够沿着成功者的足迹，顺利快速前行，这个心愿一部分表现为这本不断与时俱进的TOEFL词汇书，帮助大家通过TOEFL中最根本的词汇关；另一半表现为“新TOEFL作文实战技巧——《十天搞定TOEFL作文》”，以图帮助有一些写作基础的同学快速突破TOEFL中最难的写作关。

考试的形式决定考生学习的要点，从短期讲TOEFLiBT的考试方式增加了考生获得高分的难度，从长期讲对所有人却是一件好事。在巴黎高商（HEC）留学期间，我的班级里有200多名来自42个国家的中高层经理人，70％课程用英语授课，30％用法语授课，班上的中国学生的TOEFL和GMAT分数虽然都很高，课上主动发言者却很少，小组讨论礼让三先，小组报告最多写初稿，留待Native Speaker完善，类似情况，在欧美课堂中非常之多。导致这种情况主要有两个原因：一是我国大学阶段英语教育对学生学术性听力技能、实际口语交流和写作技能培养的匮乏造成了多数考生英语实际应用能力不高的局面；二是有些为考生提供考前培训的机构以考试为指向标。以往TOEFL口语是可选的，听力内容长期以单句或短对话为主要内容，听力和写作从不结合，这些考核方式最终决定了没有人会为考生切实提高他们在实际学习或工作中的交流能力负责任。TOEFLiBT的考核方式最终要求考生要切实提高听说读写的综合实力，并把听与写有机地结合，这对于考生未来胜任留学生活是一个很好的导向，对于培训师来说坚定了他们切实提高学生真实英语水平的决心。

针对TOEFLiBT的词汇书必将以下面的侧重点来适应最新的考试形式：

1、词汇学习需要兼顾听力、口语、写作多方面需求

因为听力部分加入了针对大段学术性讲座内容的考核，写作中增加了综合写作（Integrated Writing），所以不能再靠以往所谓的经验总结，比如听到“concert”就选“wonderful”，听到“movie”就选“awful”等技巧来解决。再也不可以按照课堂老师安排的人为分割来破坏语言学习本身的一致性和整合性。我们在学习词汇时，不只要培养看到一个词能够理解的能力，还要注重培养听到这些词汇后能够马上反应出其意义的能力，因此词汇书的配套音频显得比以往更加重要。

2、分类记忆词汇方法最适合TOEFLiBT词汇学习需要

对于听力中的short lecture来说，需要具备听懂各种可能的学科中的常用词汇的能力，学习和记忆这些词汇的最好方法是分学科集中完成，在按照字母顺序排列或随机组合次序排列的词汇书中，要实现这一点非常困难。这不是一个普通的词汇书编排问题，而是一个方法的问题。因为实现按学科分类编排词汇需要相当的时间和精力投入，并且从选择哪些学科、词汇到把它们归结到不同学科中去需要的是对TOEFL考试本身的深刻了解和像小区环卫工人一样的辛勤工作和可贵的务实精神。只有经过这样的工作，所出的产品才能够真正节省学习者宝贵的时间，提高效率，早日突破词汇关。

3、分类记忆词汇是适合成年人短期记忆大量词汇的重要方法

分类记忆单词不仅非常契合iBT考试的需要，还有助于快速、系统地记忆词汇。成年人记忆单词时的逻辑和分类意识是非常强的，有意识地利用这些特点来记忆单词是提高效率的关键。以往我针对词汇量较大的学生做过的调查表明，所有词汇量较高的学习者都是把词汇成串记忆或关联记忆的，他们大脑中词汇的存储方式绝对不是点状的，而是网络化的，其中按学科分类和按意群分类是最主要的关联记忆方式。在已往的TOEFL授课中，学生在课上几乎要花30～50％的时间去记录成组的单词，但由于授课任务较重，讲师往往没有时间做系统归纳，所以课堂上讲师也只能针对部分词汇使用这种记忆法。

留学回国后我的大部分时间用来做针对中国学生英语教育与测试的研究，在经过对TOEFLiBT进行深入研究后，发现这种分学科、分意群记忆TOEFL词汇的意义非常重大。在经过近一年的准备后，将全部TOEFL词汇按照此思路编排的系统工程今天终于可以实现。

4、解决阅读中的词汇问题是本词汇书的一个主要任务，尤其是针对词汇题

附录中总结了截至iBT之前的经典TOEFL词汇题，总计400道，在学习中建议考生一定要系统做一遍，这部分题目的命中率很高，经验中，还没有一次TOEFL考试全部考核400题之外的词汇题。

附录一提供了按照字母次序进行排列的顺序表，以便学习者查找。

附录二阅读必备重要词组，包含对文章理解比较重要的和考核过的词组。

附录三经典词汇400题，包含更新到iBT考试前的命中率较高的词汇题。

本书采用分学科、分意群的编排和记忆方法，与听力、阅读、写作三部分高度契合，是获得TOEFLiBT高分的重要手段。

本书对词汇的取舍、词义的选择建立在作者在新东方讲坛高强度授课中培养出的对TOEFL近20年来400多篇阅读文章的透彻把握之上，这些教学经验使作者敏感地体验到TOEFL核心词汇及其词义在近些年的逐步演化，词汇考核方法的变化和词汇考核重心的转移。对词汇进行精选不仅需要非常熟悉目前的TOEFL考试，还需要深入研究大多数学习者目前词汇的掌握状况。

本书例句绝大多数摘选自《美国最佳例句词典》，这些例句能够提供独立的小语境帮助学习者深刻理解词义和用法。这就使单词学习成为一个相对独立的过程，避免了因为直接摘录TOEFL阅读文章的句子而让学习者在真题演习中产生“似曾相识”之感，进而影响了自我评测的客观性。

本书的编写过程，不仅受益于过去十年对TOEFL的大规模教学与研究的经验，也包含众多网友、已往的学生的智力贡献，在此表示深深感谢；感谢许寻、孙艳丽两位对本书的编辑工作做出的重要贡献；感谢新东方大愚文化传播有限公司对我本人长期的支持和厚爱，这个做事一丝不苟的团队为英语图书出版事业树立了一个典范。

作为一个从事英语教学与研究的教育者和一个已经完成了留学生涯的过来者，我可以很负责任地告诉本书的学习者：本书所记载的词汇会是你留学生涯中应用最广泛的词汇，他们会出现在你要读到的课本中，你要参加的课堂讨论中，你要完成的毕业论文中。TOEFL词汇不同于应试技巧，后者在你的留学生活中不再有效。它也不同于GRE词汇，只在你今生今世考GRE时用得到。坦白地说，你在踏上留学征程前再也不会有机会这么认真地吸纳比TOEFL词汇更有用的词汇了。同时，TOEFLiBT考试的合理学习周期也决定了你只能采用背单词的方式迅速达到其词汇量的要求。明确了TOEFL词汇的意义和学习方法，你现在唯一需要做的就是：20～30天，学完此书中的词汇！

张红岩

利用本书记忆TOEFL词汇的方法

学习过程中请把握一些基本原则：

1．少量多次：正常情况是一天学习一课核心词汇，约60个词左右，这比较符合认知习惯，不可贪多；假如一天背单词的时间是两个小时，最好分成几次实现，如果能利用各种可能的时间记忆，效果更好。

2．主次分明：初记时每个单词都应仔细看一遍，即使是较熟悉的词汇也可能在TOEFL中考到它不常见的用法。在此基础上，标记出每课中较生疏的词汇，以便复习时重点记忆。

3．学而时习：开始背新一课前应复习以前背过的词汇，用卡片盖住本书右半部分，只看左面词汇做词义回想。如有以下情况更需要花一点时间，参照相关部分复习：阅读中或做题时遇见了曾背过的词汇，却忘了什么意思；一些比较接近的词汇经常在头脑中纠缠不清；背新单词时联想到了其他词汇，却一时想不起来具体的拼写。

4．联想记忆：同义词联想的思维模式是TOEFL考试要求的，学员每学一个新词，都要尽量想想是否学过它的同义词，它的同义词是哪些，切忌懒惰；将同类词汇一起记忆，比如背到“捕食者”（predator）时，你也应该联想到“被捕食者”（prey）。本书正是按照这种记忆规则来安排单词的顺序，因此只要认真遵循本书提供的记忆规律，必能事半功倍。

5．背与练结合：单词背到一定阶段，就应做一些附录中的精选词汇题，作为阶段成果检验，即便做得很差，也可以激励你。

6．研习词根、词缀：记忆一定数量的词根、词缀不仅可以加深理解记忆，还可以培养大家根据词根、词缀推测词义的能力。只要你花时间研读，就会有所收获。

7．结合听力资料记忆：已往的学习者反映，结合配套听力资料背单词可以实现最佳的记忆效果。其方法为：每天背完既定的单词后，利用一切空闲时间，比如在公交车上、睡前进行复习，听的时候要快速回想单词的汉语意思，努力做到在听到汉语朗读前或同时想起该单词的含义。

本书体例说明

本书共收录4,200个核心词汇，是TOEFL历次考试中的高频词汇，是理解TOEFL文章和解决TOEFLiBT听力长文章的必备基础。

1．词语选择：收录历届TOEFL考试中的重要词汇。对于不影响理解的偏难词汇，不予收录，以减轻考生不必要的负担。

2．音标选用：普遍使用美式音标，如“process”英音音标［ˈprəuses］，而我们使用的是美音的［ˈprɔses］。出现一词多音的，则分别列出，如：alternate n. [ˈɔːltənit] alternate v. [ˈɔːltəneit]。

3．汉语释义：每个单词都列出它在TOEFL考试中常考到的词义和词性。

4．同义词：TOEFL阅读中考核词汇是以同义词替换的方式进行的，因此本书对于文章中可能以词汇题方式考核到的词汇均列出了同义词。这些同义词中有一部分是TOEFL考试已往考过的，还有一部分是扩充的。对于那些没有给出同义词的词汇，多数情况下只需要大家识记，今后在文章中见到时认识就可以了，一般不会考到。

5．例句：含多个词义的重要词汇一般都配有一个或多个例句。仔细体会词汇在例句中的用法，对于阅读和写作均有益处。本书选用的例句部分来源于国外的优秀辞典，一部分来自作者的教学笔记。

iBT

TOEFL

按学科分类

Subjects

Word List 1

地　理

insular

[ˈinsjulə] adj. 海岛的

【记】insul（岛）＋ar

island

[ˈailənd] n. 岛，岛屿，岛状物（孤立状态的物），安全岛

【例】coral island n. 珊瑚岛；continental island 陆边岛

peninsula

[piˈninsjulə] n. 半岛

【记】比较insular（海岛的）

islet

[ˈailit] n. 小岛

marine

[məˈriːn] adj. 海的（marine, oceanic）；海上的；近海的

【记】mari（海）＋ine

【例】Human beings are natural enemies of marine mammals.

maritime

[ˈmæritaim] adj. 海的（marine, oceanic）；海上的；近海的

【记】mari（海）＋time

moist

[mɔist] adj. 湿润的，多雨的（damp, humid）

ledge

[leʤ] n. 暗礁

【记】联想“l”加edge（边）

oasis

[əuˈeisis] n. （沙漠中的）绿洲

【例】The travellers were saved when they finally found an oasis.

tide

[taid] n. 潮汐

ebb

[eb] vi. 退潮

【例】The water washed up on the shore, then slowly ebbed away.

continent

[ˈkɔntinənt] n. 大陆

terrestrial

[tiˈrestriəl] adj. 领土的

【例】terrestrial heat 地面干扰；terrestrial magnetism 地磁，地磁学

outskirt

[ˈautskəːt] n. 外边，郊区（surrounding）

region

[ˈriːʤən] n. 地区，领域（zone, area, field, domain）

endemic

[enˈdemik] adj. 地方的（native）

【例】This disease is endemic to the southerners, and will not spread in the cold north.

cosmopolitan

[ˌkɔzməˈpɔlitən] adj. 全世界的（global）

【记】cosm（宇宙）＋opolitan

【例】The farmer was unused to the cosmopolitan ways of life in a large city.

subterrane

[ˈsʌbtərein] n. 地下（underground）

subterranean

[sʌbtəˈreiniən] adj. 地下的

cavern

[ˈkævən] n. 大山洞，大洞穴

【记】比较cave（洞）

【例】Inside the cavern were the remnants of an ancient fire.

flaw

[flɔː] n. 裂隙

【例】The flaw in your theory is that you didn't account for gravity.

cleft

[kleft] n. 裂缝（crevice）

crevice

[ˈkrevis] n. 裂缝，破口（rift, slit）

【例】The rain came in through a crevice in the cabin wall.

gap

[ɡæp] n. 裂口（opening）

【例】Generation gap lies between parents and children.

zone

[zəun] n. 带（region, area）

【例】time zone 时区

equator

[iˈkweitə] n. 赤道

【例】It is warmer near the equator.

longitude

[ˈlɔnʤitjuːd] n. 经度

【记】long（长）＋itude→经度

altitude

[ˈæltitjuːd] n. （尤指海拔）高度，高处（海拔甚高的地方）

latitude

[ˈlætitjuːd] n. 纬度

【记】lati（阔）＋tude→纬度

meridian

[məˈridiən] n. 子午线，正午

subsidiary

[səbˈsidjəri] n. 支流（branch）

【记】sub（下面）＋sidi（坐）＋ary→坐在下面辅助的

【例】He followed the subsidiary to trace its origin.

Antarctic

[æntˈɑːktik] adj. 南极的，南极地带的

Antarctica

[æntˈɑːktikə] n. 南极洲

Arctic

[ˈɑːktik] adj. 北极的，北极区的 n. 北极，北极圈

coastland

[ˈkəustlænd] n. 沿海岸地区

hemisphere

[ˈhemisfiə] n. 半球

contour

[ˈkɔntuə] n. 轮廓；海岸线（outline, profile）

【记】tour（旅行）

【例】The artist accentuated the model's contours.

geography

[ʤiˈɔɡrəfi] n. 地理学，地理

horizon

[həˈraizn] n. 地平线

lowland

[ˈləulənd, -ˈlænd] n. 低地，苏格兰低地 adj. 低地的

plain

[plein] n. 平原，草原

strait

[streit] n. 地峡，海峡

channel

[ˈʧænl] n. 海峡，水道，沟

valley

[ˈvæli] n. （山）谷，流域

volcano

[vɔlˈkeinəu] n. 火山

plateau

[plæˈtəu] n. 高原

【记】plat（平）＋eau

basin

[ˈbeisn] n. 盆地

【例】The Amazon basin covers a vast amount of land.

navigation

[ˌnæviˈɡeiʃən] n. 航海

ranges

[reinʤiz] n. 射程表尺数

salinity

[səˈliniti] n. 盐分，盐度

sediment

[ˈsedimənt] n. 沉淀物，沉积

elevation

[ˌeliˈveiʃən] n. 高地，正面图，海拔

formation

[fɔːˈmeiʃən] n. 形成，构成

geothermy

[ʤiˈɔθəmi] 地热

terrain

[ˈterein] n. 地形

topography

[təˈpɔɡrəfi] n. 地形学

tropical

[ˈtrɔpikl] adj. 热带的

tropics

[ˈtrɔpiks] n. （天球的）回归线，热带

temperate

[ˈtempərit] adj. （气候）温和的

【例】temperate latitudes 温带地区

Victory won't come to me unless I go to it.

—Moore

胜利不会向我走来，我必须自己走向胜利。

——穆尔

Word List 2

地　质

TOEFL考试中地质学科文章一直是个难点，不妨从这里入手。

（请想象赵忠祥在“动物世界”里的配音，按其语调默读下面的文字。）在茫茫的TOEFL辞海中，地质学的内容占据了相当的比重。它的主体在于学术界流传已久的板块构造学说（plate tectonics）和大陆漂移学说（continental drift）。想要了解板块构造学说，我们需要先复习一下高中地理的一些常识：我们居住的星球，其外壳被称作（crust），下面的一层被称作地幔，最中心的部分叫作地核（core）。由地壳（crust）和它下面比较硬的那部分地幔（mantle）构成了岩石圈（lithosphere）。板块构造学说的主体是板块（plate），板块之间的边界（boundaries）有两种：海中的山脊（mid-ocean ridge），潜沉区（subduction zone）。板块与板块之间有四种相对运动关系：收拢、汇聚（converge），分开（split apart），A潜入到B的下方（A dive under B），互相擦肩而过（slide past each other）。两个板块向相同方向收拢会产生碰撞，形成山脉（mountains）；两个板块向相反方向分离就在其中间产生了海洋（Oceans）。

vein

[vein] n. 矿脉

pit

[pit] n. 坑，地坑（hole）

borehole

[ˈbɔːhəul] n. 钻孔

pit

[pit] n. 煤矿

quartz

[kwɔːts] n. 石英

marble

[ˈmɑːbl] n. 大理石

gem

[ʤem] n. 宝石（jewel, precious stone）

fieldstone

[ˈfiːldstəun] n. （建筑用的）散石，大卵石

emerald

[ˈemərəld] n. 祖母绿，翡翠，绿宝石

wiikite

[ˈviːkait] 杂铌矿

granite

[ˈɡrænit] n. 花岗岩

lead

[led] n. 铅

limestone

[ˈlaimstəun] n. 石灰石

lava

[ˈlɑːvə] n. 熔岩，火山岩

ruby

[ˈruːbi] n. 红宝石

bonanza

[bəˈnænzə] n. 富矿带

【例】Winning the lottery was a bonanza for the Browns.

mineral

[ˈminərəl] n. 矿物，矿石

ore

[ɔː] n. 矿石

vein

[vein] n. 静脉，血管（blood vessel）

sediment

[ˈsedimənt] n. 沉淀物

【记】sedi＝sit（坐）＋ment→沉下去的东西→沉淀物

fossil

[ˈfɔsl] n. 化石

petrify

[ˈpetrifai] vt. 变为化石

【记】petr（石头）＋ify

【例】I was totally petrified with fear.

geology

[ʤiˈɔləʤi] n. 地质学，地质概况

aluminum

[əˈljuːminəm] n. 铝

core

[kɔː] n. 果核，中心，核心

crater

[ˈkreitə] n. 弹坑

diamond

[ˈdaiəmənd] n. 钻石，菱形

glacial

[ˈɡleisjəl] adj. 冰的，冰状的，冰河的，冰河时代的

【例】glacial drift 冰碛；glacial epoch 冰川时期

glacier

[ˈɡleiʃə] n. 冰河，冰川

iceberg

[ˈaisbəːɡ] n. 冰山

【记】ice（冰）＋ berg（山）

plate

[pleit] n. 盘子，金属板，图版，金银餐具

tremor

[ˈtremə] n. 震动，颤动

earthquake

[ˈəːθkweik] n. 地震

seism

[ˈsaizəm] n. 地震

seismic

[ˈsaizmik] adj. 地震的

【例】seismic wave 地震波，海震波，海啸波

seismology

[saizˈmɔləʤi] n. 地震学

magnitude

[ˈmæɡnitjuːd] n. 震级

cataclysm

[ˈkætəklizəm] n. 地震，灾难，大洪水

stratum

[ˈstreitəm] n. 地层

mantle

[ˈmæntl] n. 地幔

lithogenous

[liθəuˈʤenəs] a. 岩成的

lithosphere

[ˈliθəˌsfiə] n. 岩石圈

layer

[ˈleiə] n. 层，阶层

crust

[krʌst] n. 地壳；硬外皮（shell）

【例】The crust of the pie was delicious.

fault

[fɔːlt] n. 断层

【例】fault plane 断层面；fault zone 断层

magma

[ˈmæɡmə] n. （有机物或矿物的）稀糊，岩浆

squirt

[skwəːt] v. 喷出（spurt）

【例】Bishop named it Squirt because the drink seemed to "squirt" into your mouth like a freshly squeezed grapefruit.

erupt

[iˈrʌpt] vi. 爆发（explode, burst out）

【例】We feared that the volcano would erupt again.

outburst

[ˈautbəːst] n. （火山，感情等）爆发，喷出（surge, explosion）

eruption

[iˈrʌpʃən] n. 爆发，火山灰

volcanic

[vɔlˈkænik] adj. 火山的，像火山的

【例】volcanic island n. 火山；volcanic ash n. 火山灰；volcanic dust 火山尘

Word List 3

动物学

TOEFL动物类阅读文章涉猎的动物名称有一定范围，通常局限于一些属于脊椎门（vertebrate）的动物名，所以高中试验课上看到的草履虫之类的无脊椎动物（invertebrate）是很难有机会露脸的。如果按食性分，动物可以分为草食动物（herbivorous），肉食动物（carnivorous）和杂食动物（omnivorous）。如果按类别分，则考得较多的是哺乳动物（mammal），爬行动物（Reptile），如蜥蜴（lizard），变色蜥蜴（chameleon）；两栖类动物（amphibian）没有代表动物专门考核，但作为一大类，同学们也要对该类单词表示基本的尊重。北美常见的啮齿目动物（rodent）是海狸（beaver）和河狸，TOEFL文章主要讲它们在小溪里造水坝（dam）的丰功伟绩，以及人们对它们终生功过的褒贬不一。还有黑猩猩（chimpanzee）和树懒（sloth），TOEFL文章主要讲述它由于懒惰而不注重个人卫生（personal hygiene），以至于寄生虫（parasite）可以在其毛发间自由生长。值得一提的是树獭的懒散表现派生出一个形容词：slothful，其含义可想而知——懒散的。鸟类也是常考的对象，主要考查鸟类的迁徙（migration），鸟类飞行的诀窍，鸟类寻找方向的本领等等。

gregarious

[ɡreˈɡɛəriəs] adj. 群居的

【记】greg（群体）＋arious→爱群体的

【例】My gregarious sister makes friends wherever she goes.

swarm

[swɔːm] n. （蜜蜂、蚂蚁等）群（throng, crowd, horde）

flock

[flɔk] n. 羊群，（禽、畜等的）群

herd

[həːd] n. 兽群，牧群

mammal

[ˈmæməl] n. 哺乳动物

【记】mamma（乳）＋l

carnivore

[ˈkɑːnivɔː] n. 食肉动物

carnivorous

[kɑːˈnivərəs] adj. 食肉类的

appetite

[ˈæpitait] n. 食欲

herbivorous

[həːˈbivərəs] adj. 食草的

omnivorous

[ɔmˈnivərəs] adj. 杂食的，什么都吃的

predator

[ˈpredətə] n. 掠夺者，食肉动物

predatory

[ˈpredətəri] adj. 掠夺的，食肉的

prey

[prei] n. 被掠食者，牺牲者

poikilotherm

[pɔiˈkiləuθəːm] n. 变温动物，冷血动物

rodent

[ˈrəudənt] n. 啮齿动物

scavenger

[ˈskævinʤə] n. 清道夫，食腐动物

microbe

[ˈmaikrəub] n. 微生物，细菌

reptile

[ˈreptail] n. 爬虫动物

homotherm

[ˈhəuməθəːm] n. 恒温动物

primate

[ˈpraimit] n. 灵长类的动物

primates

[ˈpraimits] n. 灵长类

mollusk

[ˈmɔləsk] n. 软体动物

coelenterate

[siˈlentəreit] n. 腔肠动物

vertebrate

[ˈvəːtibrit] n. 脊椎动物

invertebrate

[inˈvəːtibrit] n. 无脊椎动物

finch

[finʧ] n. 鸣禽

【记】fin（尾翅）＋ch

【例】This kind of bird seed is perfect for all kinds of finches.

bird

[bəːd] n. 鸟

fowl

[faul] n. 鸡；家禽（chicken; poultry）

monster

[ˈmɔnstə] n. 怪物，巨兽（demon）

hordes

[ˈhɔːds] n. 昆虫群

insect

[ˈinsekt] n. 昆虫

worm

[wəːm] n. 虫，蠕虫

beast

[biːst] n. 兽，畜牲

aquatic

[əˈkwætik] adj. 水的，水上的，水生的，水栖的

amphibian

[æmˈfibiən] adj. 两栖类的，水陆两用的

migrate

[maiˈɡreit, ˈmaiɡreit] vi. （鸟类的）迁徙

【例】Some birds migrate to find warmer weather.

graze

[ɡreiz] v. 放牧

【例】This field will graze 30 head of cattle.

gasp

[ɡɑːsp] v. 气喘，喘息（breathe, gulp）

【例】The terrible scene made me gasp.

peck

[pek] v. 啄，啄起（bite, nibble）

【例】Wood peckers pecked wood for a pest.

trot

[trɔt] vi./n. （马）小跑，慢跑（jog）

【例】The horses trotted along the road.

dormant

[ˈdɔːmənt] adj. 休眠的（inactive）

【记】dorm（睡眠）＋ant

【例】The dormant volcano has not erupted for two hundred years.

offspring

[ˈɔːfspriŋ] n. 子孙，后代（descendant）

spawn

[spɔːn] n./v. 产卵（generate, produce）

pregnant

[ˈpreɡnənt] adj. 怀孕的，孕育的

hatch

[hæʧ] v. 孵出，孵（卵）（incubate, breed, emerge from the egg）

【例】Don't count your chickens before they are hatched.

breed

[briːd] v. （使）繁殖，教养，抚养

【例】Many animals breed in the spring.

domesticate

[dəˈmestikeit] vt. 驯养，教化（tame）

【例】No one has ever been able to domesticate the African elephant.

fertilize

[ˈfəːtilaiz] vt. 使受精

regeneration

[riˌʤenəˈreiʃən] n. 再生，重建

reproduce

[ˌriːprəˈdjuːs] v. 繁殖，再生

【例】Birds reproduce by laying eggs.

squeak

[skwiːk] vi. （老鼠或物体）吱吱

【例】Rats squeak while flies buzz. It is quite a house.

chirp

[ʧəːp] vi. 喳喳（虫和鸟的叫声）

【例】The injured bird did not move or chirp.

hibernate

[ˈhaibəneit] v. 冬眠

【例】Polar bear can hibernate for a long time.

camouflage

[ˈkæməflɑːʒ] v./n. 伪装

【例】They camouflaged their hatred with professions of friendship.

extinction

[iksˈtiŋkʃən] n. 灭绝

monogamous

[mɔˈnɔɡəməs] adj. 单配的，一雌一雄的

polyandrous

[ˌpɔliˈændrəs] adj. 一雌多雄（配合）的

nest

[nest] n. 巢，窝

niche

[niʧ] n. 小生态环境

pest

[pest] n. 有害物

habitat

[ˈhæbitæt] n. （动植物的）生活环境，产地，栖息地，居留地，自生地，聚集处

rhinoceros

[raiˈnɔsərəs] n. 犀牛

chimpanzee

[ˈʧimpənˈziː] n. 非洲的小人猿，黑猩猩

baboon

[bəˈbuːn] n. 狒狒

gorilla

[ɡəˈrilə] n. 大猩猩

lizard

[ˈlizəd] n. 蜥蜴

moth

[mɔθ] n. 蛾，蛀虫

canary

[kəˈnɛəri] n. 金丝雀，淡黄色

caterpillar

[ˈkætəpilə] n. 毛虫

dinosaur

[ˈdainəsɔː] n. 恐龙

chameleon

[kəˈmiːljən] n. 变色龙

larva

[ˈlɑːvə] n. 幼虫

bat

[bæt, bɑːt] n. 蝙蝠，球棒

family

[ˈfæmili] n. 科

class

[klɑːs] n. 纲

suborder

[ˈsʌbˌɔːdə] n. 亚目

order

[ˈɔːdə] n. 目

genus

[ˈʤiːnəs] n. 种，类

antenna

[ænˈtenə] n. 触须

tentacle

[ˈtentəkl] n. （动物）触须、触角，（植物）腺毛

brain

[brein] n. 脑，头脑

【例】Tom has no brain at calculus.

spleen

[spliːn] n. 脾脏

hide

[haid] n. 兽皮（skin）

spine

[spain] n. 脊骨（backbone）

spineless

[ˈspainlis] adj. 无脊椎的

toe

[təu] n. 脚趾

bill

[bil] n. 鸟嘴

beak

[biːk] n. 鸟嘴，喙

fuzzy

[ˈfʌzi] adj. 有绒毛的，绒毛状的（frizzy, downy）

head

[hed] n. 头

hump

[hʌmp] n. 驼峰

scale

[skeil] n. 鳞片

wing

[wiŋ] n. 翅，翅膀，翼

fluffy

[ˈflʌfi] adj. 绒毛的

【记】fluff（绒毛）＋y

【例】Newly hatched chickens are like fluffy balls.

carnal

[ˈkɑːnl] adj. 肉体的（corporeal）

【记】carn（肉）＋al

nervous

[ˈnəːvəs] adj. 神经的

【记】nerv（神经）＋ous

fat

[fæt] n. 脂肪，肥肉

grease

[ɡriːs] n. 动物脂，脂肪

greasy

[ˈɡriːzi] adj. 多脂的；油脂的（oily）

【例】To keep you fit, keep away from greasy food.

turtle

[ˈtəːtl] n. 海龟

beaver

[ˈbiːvə] n. 海狸（毛皮）

jellyfish

[ˈʤelifiʃ] n. 水母

【记】jelly（胶冻，果冻）＋fish（鱼）

starfish

[ˈstɑːfiʃ] n. 海星

whale

[weil, hw-] n. 鲸

porpoise

[ˈpɔːpəs] n. 海豚，小鲸

dolphin

[ˈdɔlfin] n. 海豚

prawn

[prɔːn] n. 对虾，明虾，大虾

shrimp

[ʃrimp] n. 小虾

lobster

[ˈlɔbstə] n. 龙虾

sponge

[spʌnʤ] n. 海绵，海绵体，海绵状物

plankton

[ˈplæŋkt(ə)n] n. 浮游生物

oyster

[ˈɔistə] n. 牡蛎，蚝

clam

[klæm] n. 蛤

coral

[ˈkɔrəl] n. 珊瑚，珊瑚虫

crab

[kræb] n. 螃蟹，类似螃蟹的动物

You will never have what you like until you learn to like what you have.

—Goethe

欲得到你喜欢的东西，应先学会喜欢你已有的东西。

——歌德

Word List 4

法　律

penal

[ˈpiːnl] adj. 受刑罚的，刑事的

【记】pen（惩罚）＋ al

illicit

[iˈlisit] adj. 违法的（unlawful, illegal）

unruly

[ʌnˈruːli] adj. 不守法的（disorderly）

【记】un（不）＋rul(e)（法）＋y

illegitimate

[ˌiliˈʤitimit] adj. 非法的；私生的（illegal）

【记】il（不）＋legitim（合法）＋ate→不合法的

【例】A special commission tried to reduce the number of illegitimate births in the country.

default

[diˈfɔːlt] n. 不履行责任（nonfulfilment），缺乏 v. 不履行；拖欠

【记】de（犯）＋fault（错误）→拖（债）

【例】If they can't raise the money to pay the debt, they will have to default.

violate

[ˈvaiəleit] v. 违犯，违背，侵犯（break, offend）

【例】These findings appear to violate the laws of physics.

violation

[ˌvaiəˈleiʃən] n. 违犯

【例】If you get one more traffic violation, your driver's license will be revoked.

infringe

[inˈfrinʤ] v. 侵犯（encroach, intrude）；违反

【例】Your book infringes on my copy right.

bound

[baund] adj. 负有义务的

【例】The employees are not bound to keep working at the factory after work.

compulsory

[kəmˈpʌlsəri] adj. 义务的；必修的（obligatory, mandatory, required）

【记】com＋puls（推，冲）＋ory

【例】The use of seat belts is compulsory in many states; failure to wear them may result in fines./A composition class is compulsory for all college students.

oblige

[əˈblaiʤ] vt. 强迫（force）

【例】I was obliged to finish the work by the end of this week.

obligatory

[əbˈliɡətəri] adj. 义务的；必须的（compulsory, necessary）

【记】oblig（强迫）＋atory→必须的

【例】Wearing seat belts while driving is obligatory in most states.

responsible

[risˈpɔnsəbl] adj. 有责任的

domineering

[ˌdɔmiˈniəriŋ] adj. 专权的（tyrannical, dictatorial）

【记】domin（统治）＋eering→统治者的→盛气凌人的

【例】The domineering father made every decision in his children's lives.

mandatory

[ˈmændətəri] adj. 命令的；强制的（obligatory, compulsory）

【例】Many colleges have mandatory foreign language requirement.

licensed

[ˈlaisnst] adj. 被许可的（permissive）

【记】licen（允许）＋sed

heirship

[ˈɛəʃip] n. 继承权

jurisdiction

[ˌʤuərisˈdikʃən] n. 司法权

【记】juris（法律）＋dict（说，命令）＋ion→法律上命令→司法权

arbitration

[ˌɑːbiˈtreiʃən] n. 调停，仲裁

【记】arbi（判断，裁决）＋tration→进行裁决

【例】The matter was sent into arbitration to avoid the costs of a court trial.

fine

[fain] n. 罚金

【例】The fine for overtime parking is outrageously high.

confiscate

[ˈkɔnfiskeit] vt. 没收，充公（seize）

【记】con＋fisc（钱，财）＋ate

【例】The police confiscated the stolen goods.

convict

[kənˈvikt] vt. 判罪；证明（penalize; prove）

【记】con＋vict（征服）→（征服）罪犯→判罪

【例】The defendant was convicted of murder.

verdict

[ˈvəːdikt] n. 判决（decision, judgment）

judgment

[ˈʤʌʤmənt] n. 判决

【记】judg（判断）＋ment

indemnity

[inˈdemniti] n. 赔偿

【记】in（不）＋demn（损坏）＋ity→使不再坏→赔偿

imprisonment

[imˈpriznmənt] n. 监禁

invalidate

[inˈvælideit] vt. 使作废（nullify）

【例】The making of false statements could result in the invalidation of the contract.

imprisonment

[imˈprizənmənt] n. 关押

captivity

[kæpˈtiviti] n. 囚禁，拘留

【例】Zoo animals are kept in captivity.

trial

[ˈtraiəl] n. 审判（hearing, inquisition）

【例】The scandal put the president on trial.

detain

[diˈtein] vt. 拘留；阻止

【记】de＋tain（拿，抓）→拘留

【例】Please do not detain me; I am in a hurry.

extenuate

[eksˈtenjueit] vt. 使（罪过等）显得轻微（diminish, lessen）

【记】ex＋tenu（细薄）＋ate→使轻微

【例】"Your money cannot help to extenuate your crime," said the judge.

saddle

[ˈsædl] vt. 使负担（burden, load）

【例】The landowner saddled his tenants with heavy taxes.

court

[kɔːt] n. 法庭（bar）

【例】I have to go to court today to give evidence in a trial.

bar

[bɑː] n. 法院（court）

authorize

[ˈɔθəraiz] vt. 授权（empower, permit）

【例】A visa authorizes a person to enter and leave a country.

empower

[imˈpauə] vt. 授权；使能够

【记】em＋power（权力）→获得权力

【例】The owner empowered Jane to hire new employees for the store.

plea

[pliː] n. 恳求（appeal）

oath

[əuθ] n. 誓言；誓约；宣誓（oath, pledge, promise）

pledge

[pleʤ] n. 誓言 vt. 使发誓（promise, vow）

plaintiff

[ˈpleintif] n. 原告

【记】plain（哀诉）＋tiff

plead

[pliːd] v. 抗辩；恳求（argue, protest, beg）

【例】"Let me out, please." The prisoner pleaded to the jail keeper, but in vain.

flee

[fliː] v. 逃跑，逃离（escape）

【例】When the rain began, we fled for cover.

defend

[diˈfend] vt. 辩护

【例】Mary defended her actions when she was accused of cheating.

proscribe

[prəuˈskraib] vt. 禁止（ban, forbid, forestall）

【记】pro（前）＋scribe（写）→写在前面→禁止

【例】The sale of opium is proscribed by law.

forbid

[fəˈbid] vt. 禁止（prohibit, prevent）

【记】for（前）＋bid（出价）→预先出价→阻止（别人）

【例】Chewing gum in class was forbidden.

abstinence

[ˈæbstinəns] n. 禁戒；节制

【例】Abstinence from fatty foods and smoking can probably lengthen your life.

abstain

[əbˈstein] vi. 戒绝

【记】abs（不）＋ tain（拿住）→不拿住→放弃

【例】Because my cholesterol is high, my doctor told me to abstain from eating fat.

ban

[bæn] n. 禁令 vt. 禁止（prohibit, forbid）

【例】The principal announced a ban on guns at the school.

veto

[ˈviːtəu] n. 否决，否决权（rejection） vt. 否决，禁止（negate）

【记】比较vote（投票）

【例】As a member of the management board, I have the right to veto.

revise

[riˈvaiz] vt. 修订（amend, emend, edit）

【记】re（再）＋vise（看）→重新审查

【例】The student revised his paper carefully, following the professor's suggestions.

verify

[ˈverifai] vt. 验证（confirm, substantiate）

【例】Your signature here will verify that you understand the terms of the agreement./The ambassador verified the report before he called the State Department.

deserve

[diˈzəːv] vt. 应得

【例】After six years in colleges, I think I deserve a good job.

stipulate

[ˈstipjuleit] vt. 约定，规定（set, specify）

【例】The workers'contract stipulated that they couldn't smoke on the job.

testify

[ˈtestifai] vt. 证明，证实；作证（give evidence, verify）

【例】Her tears testified her grief.

testimony

[ˈtestiməni] n. 证言（evidence, affirmation）

justify

[ˈʤʌstifai] vt. 证明…是正当的（defend, vindicate）

【记】just（公正的）＋ify

【例】How can you justify what you did yesterday?

substantiate

[səbsˈtænʃieit] vt. 证实（corroborate, verify）

【例】Evidences substantiated that he was the murderer.

confirm

[kənˈfəːm] vt. 证实，确认（substantiate, verify）

【记】con＋firm（坚实的）

【例】Please confirm our reservations at the restaurant.

affirm

[əˈfəːm] vt. 证实（assert）

【记】af（一再）＋firm（肯定）→断言

assure

[əˈʃuə] vt. 使确信，向…保证（gurantee, pledge）

【记】as＋sure（确信）

【例】The doctor assured the patient that everything would be all right.

evidence

[ˈevidəns] n. 证据；证人

follow

[ˈfɔːləu] v. 跟随，遵循（abide by, obey）

【例】If you disregard the doctor's orders, a relapse will follow.

observe

[əbˈzəːv] vt. 遵守（follow）

【记】TOEFL常考词义为“遵守”

【例】All participants of the contest have to observe the rules.

observance

[əbˈzəːvəns] n. 遵守

abide

[əˈbaid] vi. 遵守（adhere, observe）

【记】abide by（遵守）

【例】He will abide by his promise if he gives it.

accuse

[əˈkjuːz] vt. 控告；归咎（charge）

【例】I accused John of hitting my dog.

accusation

[ˌækjuˈzeiʃə] n. 控告

【例】Anne objected to the unture accusations.

complaint

[kəmˈpleint] n. 控告；诉苦

【例】The boss had a complaint about Bill's tardiness.

impeach

[imˈpiːʧ] vt. 弹劾；控告（accuse）

【记】im（进入）＋ peach（告发）

【例】The Congress has the right to impeach a president.

indictment

[inˈdaitmənt] n. 起诉（charge, accusation）

【记】in＋dict（言，说）＋ment→说出缘由→起诉

incriminate

[inˈkrimineit] vt. 控告（accuse）；使负罪

【记】in（进入）＋crimin（罪行）＋ate→使负罪

【例】He was incriminated of murder.

prosecute

[ˈprɔsikjuːt] v. 起诉；检举（accuse, charge）

【例】Trespassers will be prosecuted.

denounce

[diˈnauns] vt. 告发

【记】de（坏）＋nounce（讲话）→讲坏话→告发

【例】Jane loudly denounces anyone who litters.

lawsuit

[ˈlɔːsuːt] n. 诉讼

【记】law（法律）＋ suit（诉讼）

query

[ˈkwiəri] n. 质问，问题 v. 询问（inquiry）

【例】He couldn't bear his wife's daily queries about where he had been and he demanded a divorce.

interrogate

[inˈterəɡeit] vt. 审问；询问

【记】inter（中间）＋nog（问）＋ate→审问

【例】The police interrogated Sally about the robbery.

impunity

[imˈpjuːniti] n. 免罚（let-off）

【记】im（不）＋pun（罚）＋ity

【例】You can not do this with impunity.

exempt

[iɡˈzempt] vt. 免除（prevent, immune） adj. 被免除的（excused）

【例】The teacher exempted the smartest students from taking the quiz.

condone

[kənˈdəun] vt. 宽恕，赦免（forgive, pardon）

【例】"I will not condone cheating," the teacher said.

liberate

[ˈlibəreit] vt. 释放（discharge, release）

【记】liber（自由）＋ate→使…自由，解放

【例】I liberated the rabbit from its cage.

remit

[riˈmit] vt. 赦免

【记】re（再）＋mit（送）→再送出去→汇款

【例】"Remit my sins," he prayed.

release

[riˈliːs] n. 释放，让渡，豁免

absolve

[əbˈzɔlv] vt. 赦免；解除（责任等）（free, emancipate）

【记】ab＋solve（解决）→解除责任→赦免

【例】The dying man asked the priest to absolve him of his sins./Mary was absolved from further responsibility on the project.

acquit

[əˈkwit] vt. 宣告无罪（exonerate, vindicate）

【记】ac＋quit（免除）→开释

【例】The court acquitted Max of all charges.

abolish

[əˈbɔliʃ] vt. 废除，取消（abandon, annul, terminate）

【记】abolis（消失）＋h→废除

【例】If I were the king, I would abolish taxes.

term

[təːm] n. 条款

【例】Knowing more technical terms gives a translator more advantages.

clause

[klɔːz] n. 条款

【例】The sentence had too many clauses in it.

bill

[bil] n. 法案

【例】The proposed bill would limit government officials' terms.

constitution

[ˌkɔnstiˈtjuːʃən] n. 宪法

decree

[diˈkriː] n. 法令，规定（regulation, order） v. 颁布

【例】No one dared ignore the owner's firm decree.

legislate

[ˈleʤisleit] vi. 立法（make law）

【记】legis（法律）＋late（放）→放出法律→立法

【例】It is impossible to legislate for every contingency.

legislation

[ˌleʤisˈleiʃən] n. 立法，法律的制定（或通过）

legalize

[ˈliːɡəlaiz] vt. 合法化，法律认可（authorize, legitimate）

【例】Some peole in China want to legalize the possession of guns.

prescribe

[prisˈkraib] v. 指示，规定（dictate）

【例】The law prescribes what should be done.

set

[set] vt. 规定

【例】The boss set the first day of each month as the rest day.

credential

[kriˈdenʃəl] n. 凭证（reference, certificate）

【记】cred（相信）＋ential

standard

[ˈstændəd] n. 标准，规格（criteria） adj. 标准的（regular）

enact

[iˈnækt] vt. 制定（法律）（impersonate）

【记】en＋act（扮演）

【例】Congress enacted the new crime bill.

You are not in charge of the universe; you are in charge of yourself.

—Bennett

你并不掌管整个宇宙，但你得掌管你自己。

——贝内特

Word List 5

化　学

hackneyed

[ˈhæknid] adj. 陈腐的（mouldy, stale）

【记】参考hack（陈腐的），Internet用语hacker（黑客）

【例】The old professor's hackneyed style of coaching arouses complaints from among students.

caustic

[ˈkɔːstik] adj. 腐蚀性的（abrasive, corrosive）

erosion

[iˈrəuʒən] n. 腐蚀

【例】Erosion of the soil made the farmer's land less valuable.

erode

[iˈrəud] vt. 蚀，腐蚀（corrode, wear away）

【例】A constant stream of water eroded the rock mountain.

stale

[steil] adj. 陈腐的（smelly, musty, flat）

【例】The stale bread was dry and hard.

rot

[rɔt] v. 腐烂（perish, decay）

【例】The body of the dead wolf began to rot.

rotten

[ˈrɔtn] adj. 腐烂的（decaying, decomposed）

【例】The rotten fruit smelled horrible.

decay

[diˈkei] v. （使）腐败（rot, decompose）

【例】Sugar can cause tooth to decay.

corrode

[kəˈrəud] v. 腐蚀（erode, eat away）

【记】比较erode（腐蚀）

【例】Battery acid corroded the inside of the camera.

decomposition

[ˌdiːkɔmpəˈziʃən] n. 分解，腐烂

rust

[rʌst] v. 生锈，氧化（oxidize） n. 铁锈

【例】An iron plow would get rusted under wet weather./If you leave your metal tools outside in the rain, they will rust.

silica

[ˈsilikə] n. 硅土

limestone

[ˈlaimstəun] n. 石灰石

crystal

[ˈkristl] n. 水晶，晶体

【例】Salt crystals can be found in every home.

gasoline

[ˌɡæsəˈliːn] n. 汽油

methane

[ˈmeθein] n. 甲烷，沼气

hydrocarbon

[ˈhaidrəuˈkɑːbən] n. 碳氢化合物

petroleum

[piˈtrəuliəm] n. 石油

【例】petroleum products 石油产品，成品油

plastic

[ˈplæstik, plɑːstik] n. 塑胶，可塑体，塑料制品

intermediary

[ˌintə ˈmiːdjəri] n. 媒介物；居间者（mediator）

【记】inter（中间）＋medi（中间）＋ary→媒介物

【例】I always play intermediary when my sisters quarrel with each other.

catalysis

[kəˈtælisis] n. 催化作用

catalyst

[ˈkætəlist] n. 催化剂

adhesive

[ədˈhiːsiv] n. 粘合剂 adj. 胶粘；粘着性的

scorch

[skɔːʧ] vt. 使褪色（discolor）

【例】Do not leave the iron on that delicate fabric or the heat will scorch it.

bleach

[bliːʧ] vt. 去色，漂白（blanch, whiten） n. 漂白剂

【例】You can remove some stains from white shirts with a little bleach.

tint

[tint] vt. 上色，染色 n. 上色，色彩（tinge; hue）

【例】At dawn, the sky tints with green and pink.

dye

[dai] n. 颜料 v. 染色（pigment）

【例】I asked the hairdresser to dye my hair blond.

chemistry

[ˈkemistri] n. 化学

biochemistry

[ˌbaiəuˈkemistri] n. 生物化学

【记】bio（生物）＋chemistry（化学）

hydronic

[haiˈdrɔnik] adj. 液体循环加热（或冷却）的

alchemy

[ˈælkimi] n. 炼金术，魔力

artificial

[ˌɑːtiˈfiʃəl] adj. 人造的，假的，非原产地的

ion

[ˈaiən] n. 离子

molecule

[ˈmɔlikjuːl, ˈməu-] n. 分子，些微

solubility

[ˌsɔljuˈbiliti] n. 溶度，溶性，可解决性，可解释性，溶解性

solution

[səˈljuːʃən] n. 解答，解决办法，溶解，溶液，解决方案

solvent

[ˈsɔlvənt] adj. 溶解的，有偿付能力的，有溶解力 n. 溶媒，溶剂

dissolve

[diˈzɔlv] v. 溶解，解散

【例】Water dissolves salt as heat dissolves ice.

element

[ˈelimənt] n. 元素

【例】Water is made of the elements: oxygen and hydrogen.

impurity

[imˈpjuəriti] n. 杂质

blend

[blend] v./n. 混和（combine, mix）

【例】The room's decoration was a good blend of traditional and modern pieces./The artist blended painting with etching.

compound

[ˈkɔmpaund] n. 混合物，化合物

substance

[ˈsʌbstəns] n. 物质，实质

particle

[ˈpɑːtikl] n. 颗粒，微粒

【记】比较article（文章）

explosive

[iksˈpləusiv] adj. 爆炸的 n. 炸药

【例】Dynamite is highly explosive.

blast

[blɑːst] n. 爆破

【例】The leaves were lifted into the air by a sudden blast of wind.

explode

[iksˈpləud] v. （使）爆炸（blast）

【例】The red balloon exploded when I popped it with a pin.

burning

[ˈbəːniŋ] adj. 燃烧的

kindle

[ˈkindl] vt. 燃起（ignite, inflame）

【记】比较candle（蜡烛）

【例】Her cruelty kindled hatred in my heart.

sear

[siə] vt. 烧灼

【例】The hot iron seared the trousers.

ignite

[iɡˈnait] vt. 使燃着（inflame, kindle）

【例】A smoldering cigarette ignited the newspapers.

action

[ˈækʃən] n. 作用

combination

[ˌkɔmbiˈneiʃən] n. 化合；组合

【例】The safe combination of the two chemicals required a complicated chemical process.

neutralize

[ˈnjuːtrəlaiz] v. 中和（counteract）

【例】Alkalis neutralize acids.

polymerization

[ˌpɔliməraiˈzeiʃən] n. 聚合

functional

[ˈfʌŋkʃənl] adj. 起作用的（useful）

【例】My bike is not luxurious, but still functional.

synthetic

[sinˈθetik] adj. 综合的；合成的（artificial, man-made）

carbon

[ˈkɑːbən] n. 碳

copper

[ˈkɔpə] n. 铜

lead

[led] n. 铅

Mercury

[ˈməːkjuri] n. 水星；［罗马神话］墨丘利神（众神的信使）

nickel

[ˈnikl] n. 镍，镍币

platinum

[ˈplætinəm] n. 白金，铂

silver

[ˈsilvə] n. 银，银子

sodium

[ˈsəudiəm, -diəm] n. 钠

tin

[tin] n. 锡，马口铁

zinc

[ziŋk] n. 锌

calcium

[ˈkælsiəm] n. 钙（元素符号Ca）

helium

[ˈhiːljəm, -liəm] n. 氦（化学元素，符号为He）

silicon

[ˈsilikən] n. 硅，硅元素

ammonia

[ˈæməuniə] n. 氨，氨水

sulfur

[ˈsʌlfə] n. 硫磺，硫黄

iodine

[ˈaiədiːn;(US）ˈaiədain] n. 碘，碘酒

nitrogen

[ˈnaitrəʤən] n. 氮

oxygen

[ˈɔksiʤən] n. 氧气

【记】oxy（氧）＋gen；如oxyacid（含氧酸），oxyhydrogen（氧氢混合气）

【例】Oxygen and Nitrogen constitute the main part of the air.

We must accept finite disappointment, but we must never lose infinite hope.

—Martin Luther King, Jr.

我们必须接受失望，因为它是有限的，但千万不可失去希望，因为它是无穷的。

——马丁·路德·金

Word List 6

环　境

noxious

[ˈnɔkʃəs] adj. 有害的；有毒的（poisonous, toxic）

【记】nox（毒）＋ious

pollute

[pəˈluːt] vt. 污染（contaminate, defile）

pollutant

[pəˈluːtənt] n. 污染物质

【例】Rivers in the neighbourhood were polluted by the chemical wastes from the factories.

pollution

[pəˈluːʃen] n. 污染，玷污

【例】air pollution 空气污染；noise pollution 噪音污染；soil pollution 土壤污染；water pollution 水质污染

contaminate

[kənˈtæmineit] vt. 污染（defile, pollute）

【例】The Department of Resources notified the town council that the water supply was contaminated.

waste

[weist] n. 废物

【例】solid waste 固体废物

sewage

[ˈsju(ː)iʤ] n. 下水道，污水

fume

[ˈfjuːm] n. （浓烈或难闻的）烟，气体

habitat

[ˈhæbitæt] n. （动、植物的）生活环境，居留地（home, environment）

【例】The polar region is the habitat of polar bear.

balance

[ˈbæləns] n./v. 平衡（equilibrium）

【例】I lost my balance and fell.

ecosystem

[iːkəˈsistəm] n. 生态系统

fauna

[ˈfɔːnə] n. 动物群，动物区系

decibel

[ˈdesibel] n. 分贝

ozonosphere

[ˌəuˈzəunəsfiə] n. 臭氧层

Always aim for achievement and forget about success.

—Helen Hayes

永远要争取做出成就，别多考虑成功。

——海伦

Word List 7

教　育

didactic

[diˈdæktik] adj. 教诲的，说教的（instructive）

【例】He started to know the real meaning of life from a didactic speech given by a celebrity.

leading

[ˈliːdiŋ] adj. 指导的

sermon

[ˈsəːmən] n. 说教（speech）

initiate

[iˈniʃieit] vt. 启蒙

instill

[inˈstil] vt. 灌输（infuse, impart）

【记】in（进入）＋still（滴）→灌输

【例】Courtesy must be instilled in childhood.

instruct

[inˈstrʌkt] vt. 教

【例】She instructed me in the use of the telephone.

enlighten

[inˈlaitn] vt. 启发，开导；启蒙（edify, illuminate）

【记】en＋light（光）＋en

【例】The speaker enlightened the students about the dangers of drinking.

edify

[ˈedifai] vt. 陶冶，教化（enlighten, teach）

【例】A trip to the art museum edified the tourists and helped them understand the local culture better.

lead

[liːd] vt. 引导

【例】The path led them to a cave.

direct

[diˈrekt] vt. 引导（instruct）

【例】The receptionist's job is to direct people to the correct office.

conduct

[kənˈdʌkt] vt. 引导（lead）

【例】The students are conducted to do the experiment.

curriculum

[kəˈrikjuləm] n. 课程

discipline

[ˈdisiplin] n. 学科

We cannot always build the future for our youth, but we can build our youth for the future.

—Roosevelt

我们不能总是为我们的青年造就美好未来，但我们能够为未来造就我们的青年一代。

——罗斯福

Word List 8

经　济

toll

[təul] n. 费（fee, charge）

precious

[ˈpreʃəs] adj. 宝贵的，珍贵的（valuable）

prosperous

[ˈprɔspərəs] adj. 繁荣的（thriving, flourishing）

prosperity

[prɔˈsperiti] n. 繁荣（well-being）

【例】The prosperity of the society promises a rapid economic growth.

rich

[riʧ] adj. 肥沃的（fertile）

rare

[rɛə] adj. 稀罕的，珍贵的（scarce, uncommon）

asset

[ˈæset] n. 财产，财富（possessions, property）

【例】The President's greatest asset was his reputation for honesty.

fortune

[ˈfɔːʧən] n. 财富（wealth）

opulence

[ˈɔpjuləns] n. 财富；富裕（wealth; affluence）

【记】opul（财富）＋ence

finance

[ˈfainæns] n. 财政 vt. 资助（sponsor, subsidize）

【记】比较fiance（未婚夫）；fiancee（未婚妻）

【例】Joe financed his girlfriend to study abroad, but she never came back.

economic

[ˌekəˈnɔmik] adj. 经济的

【例】The newspaper featured an article about the nation's economic future.

indigent

[ˈindiʤənt] adj. 贫穷的（needy, poor）

【记】indi（内部）＋gent（缺乏）

depression

[diˈpreʃən] n. 萧条（recession）

【例】Many people lost their fortune during the Great Depression.

penury

[ˈpenjuri] n. 贫穷（destitution）

【记】penur（缺少）＋y

bidding

[ˈbidiŋ] n. 投标

【例】The bidding was higher than expected.

drawback

[ˈdrɔːbæk] n. 退款

exponent

[eksˈpəunənt] n. 指数（index, indicator）

【记】另一个意思是“支持者”，比较opponent（反对者）

lease

[liːs] n./v. 出租（lend, loan）

【记】联想“l”加ease（安心的）

【例】The owner leased his spare houses to make a fortune.

redress

[riˈdres] n. 补偿（rectify，remedy）

compensation

[ˌkɔmpenˈseiʃən] n. 补偿，赔偿

【例】Max received his compensation in stock rather than cash.

deficit

[ˈdefisit] n. 赤字

【记】de（坏）＋fic（做）＋it

【例】The government tried to avoid a budget deficit.

levy

[ˈlevi] n. 课税 v. 征收（collect, charge）

【例】The Empire levied heavy taxes upon its colonies.

ration

[ˈræʃən] n. 定量，配给量（share, allowance） v. 配给，分发（allocate, share）

rebate

[ˈriːbeit] n. 返回款；折扣（refund, repayment）

【记】比较debate（争论）

【例】The government uses tax rebate as a means to attract investment on this line.

merchandise

[ˈməːtʃəndaiz] n. 商品（commodities, goods）

【记】比较merchant（商人）

commerce

[ˈkɔməːs] n. 商业

【记】注意和commence（开始）的区别

【例】Commerce flourished between the two friendly countries.

enterprise

[ˈentəpraiz] n. 事业，企业

【例】The new enterprise will require additional staff and equipment.

currency

[ˈkʌrənsi] n. 通货；通用；市价（money, exchange）

【例】We exchanged our currency at a bank in the airport.

inventory

[ˈinvəntəri] n. 物品清单；库存品

quota

[ˈkwəutə] n. 限额，定额（portion, share）

tariff

[ˈtærif] n. 关税，关税表

inflation

[inˈfleiʃən] n. 通货膨胀

deal

[diːl] v. 交易（handle）

【例】Do you deal with Smith, the butcher?

yen

[jen] n. 日元

cause

[kɔːz] n. 事业（career）

【例】The boy took pride in being a successor in the revolutionary cause.

consume

[kənˈsjuːm] vt. 消费，消耗（spend）

【记】con＋sum（结束）＋e→全部结束→用光

【例】Americans consume a huge amount of sugar each year.

disburse

[disˈbəːs] vt. 支付，支出；分配（distribute）

【记】dis＋burse（钱包）

【例】On payday, the manager disburses our pay.

acting

[ˈæktiŋ] adj. 代理的（substitutive）

【记】act（行动）＋ing→代替执行的→代理的

inertia

[iˈnəːʃjə] n. 惯性，惯量

discount

[ˈdiskaunt] n./vt. （打）折扣（reduction）

【例】Mary gets an employee discount at the department store.

audit

[ˈɔːdit] n./vt. 审查；查账（censor）

【例】The audit of the man's estate revealed unpaid taxes.

shipment

[ˈʃipmənt] n. 装船，出货

surplus

[ˈsəːplʌs] n. 过剩，剩余（物资） adj. 过剩的（extra, excess）

【记】比较plus（加）

【例】The farmer's surplus grain was stored in silos.

residue

[ˈrezidjuː] n. 残余（remains, leftover, remnant）

account

[əˈkaunt] n. 户头；账目

【例】I have an account with the Midland Bank.

bankruptcy

[ˈbæŋkrʌptsi] n. 破产

【记】bank（银行）＋ rupt（断）＋cy

【例】Sue couldn't pay her debts, so she declared bankruptcy.

savings

[ˈseiviŋz] n. 储蓄

collateral

[kɔˈlætərəl] n. 抵押品

【例】The Smiths used valuable jewelry as collateral for their loan.

bill

[bil] n. 钞票；账单

check

[tʃek] n. 支票

coin

[kɔin] n. 铸币

depreciate

[diˈpriːʃieit] v. 贬值

【记】de（坏）＋preci（价值）＋ate

【例】The US dollar has depreciated against the Japanese Yen.

merge

[məːʤ] v. 合并（combine, amalgamate）

【例】The two companies are going to merge by the end of the year.

reimburse

[ˌriːimˈbəːs] vt. 偿还（pay back, refund）

【记】re（重新）＋im＝in（进入）＋burse（钱包）→偿还

【例】You should reimburse the taxi fee those strangers paid to get you to hospital.

garner

[ˈɡɑːnə] vt. 储存（store）

【例】People began to garner food to prepare for the war.

underestimate

[ˌʌndəˈestimeit] vt. 低估（undervalue）

【例】The width of the nation has long been underestimated before the recent investigation.

exchange

[iksˈtʃeinʤ] vt. 兑换；交换（barter）

【例】They exchange their labor for room and board.

assess

[əˈses] vt. 估计（estimate, evaluate）

【例】It took a while to assess the damage from the tornado.

consolidate

[kənˈsɔlideit] vt. 合并（merge）

【记】con＋solid（固体的，结实的）＋ate

【例】The two schools were consolidated to reduce costs.

loan

[ləun] n. 贷款 vt. 借（lend）

【例】Many colleges provide loans to students.

refund

[riːˈfʌnd] vt. 退还，偿还（repay, pay back）

【记】re（重新）＋fund（钱）→重新还回钱→退还

【例】I will refund you the full of your fare.

utility

[juːˈtiliti] n. 效用（function, usefulness）

selection

[siˈlekʃən] n. 选择（choice）

【记】select（选择）＋ion

option

[ˈɔpʃən] n. 选择，取舍（choice, alternative）

economics

[ˌekəˈnɔmiks] n. 经济（学）

【例】A committee was formed to study the economics of closing some military bases.

output

[ˈautput] n. 产量，输出量（turnout, yield）

【记】来自put out（生产）

goods

[ɡudz] n. 货物（merchandise, commodity）

opportunity

[ˌɔpəˈtjuːniti] n. 机会（chance）

【例】Opportunities favor those with prepared minds.

benefit

[ˈbenifit] n. 利益（profit, interest）

【例】Volunteer work benefits society.

contract

[ˈkɔntrækt] n. 契约（agreement）

lottery

[ˈlɔtəri] n. 奖券；抽奖

【例】"Marriage is just a lottery. Don't believe in love." said the old man.

transaction

[trænˈzækʃən] n. 交易（business, trade, deal）

【记】trans（交换）＋action（活动）→交易

budget

[ˈbʌʤit] n. 预算 v. 做预算

【例】The department's budget did not include money for electricity. We've budgeted $1,000 for advertising.

patronage

[ˈpeitrəniʤ] n. 赞助，资助

【记】patron（赞助人）＋age

choose

[tʃuːz] vt. 选择（select, pick）

【例】You can choose the classes you want to take.

choice

[tʃɔis] n. 选择（selection）

barter

[ˈbɑːtə] n./vt. 易货（trade, exchange）

【例】Before currency came into use, people used the barter system, exchanging goods directly for goods.

purchase

[ˈpəːtʃəs] n./vt. 购买（buy）

deposit

[diˈpɔzit] v. 放置，存款（place, lay） n. 押金

【记】比较draw（取款）

【例】Tom deposited his luggage in the hotel.

commission

[kəˈmiʃən] n. 佣金

【例】Our agents in other areas usually get a 3-5% commission.

ransom

[ˈrænsəm] n. 赔偿金（payment, redemption）

toll

[təul] v. 鸣（钟）（ring, strike）

【例】For whom does the bell toll?

charge

[tʃɑːʤ] n. 费用 v. 收费

【例】There is no charge for window-shopping.

bond

[bɔnd] n. 公债

【例】An inverse relationship exists between the price of a bond and the interest rate.

custom

[ˈkʌstəm] n. 进口税

bonus

[ˈbəunəs] n. 红利；奖金（award, gift）

【例】At the end of the year, the employees all received cash bonuses.

interest

[ˈintrist] n. 利息

means

[miːnz] n. 钱（money）

【例】You ought to live within your means.

debt

[det] n. 债务（liability）

【例】Bill is working very hard to get out of debt.

fund

[fʌnd] n. 资金，基金（money） vt. 投资

revenue

[ˈrevinjuː] n. 收入（income, returns, earnings）

Word List 9

军　事

confidential

[ˌkɔnfiˈdenʃəl] adj. 机密的

【记】confident＋ial→相信的人才知道→机密的

【例】That matter is so confidential that it must not be discussed outside this office.

clandestine

[klænˈdestin] adj. 秘密的（secret, covert）

【记】分割记忆clan（宗派）＋destine（注定）

【例】Some angry peasants had a clandestine plan to overthrow the leader.

cipher

[ˈsaifə] n. 暗号；密码（code）

【记】比较记忆decipher（解码）

【例】Spies intercepted the cipher but could not decode it.

dissimulate

[diˈsimjuleit] vt. 假装，掩饰（disguise, dissemble）

【记】比较simulate（模仿）

【例】The soldiers dissimulated themselves by wearing white garments in the snow.

disarm

[disˈɑːm] vt. 缴械；消除（敌意）

【记】dis（不再）＋arm＝army（军队）

【例】The security guard disarmed the robber.

disarming

[disˈɑːmiŋ] adj. 消除敌意的（relieving, soothing）

【例】The spy's disarming nature earned other people's trust.

scout

[skaut] v. 侦察

【例】She scouts for a professional basketball team.

fort

[fɔːt] n. 要塞，堡垒

fortress

[ˈfɔːtris] n. 堡垒，要塞

【例】Soldiers attacked the enemy's fortress.

hatchet

[ˈhætʃit] n. 短柄斧

dagger

[ˈdæɡə] n. 短剑

【例】The nobleman wore an ornate dagger at his hip.

armor

[ˈɑːmə] n. 装甲，武器

【例】A turtle has a soft body, but it also has the armor of a hard shell to protect it.

corps

[kɔː] n. 军团，兵团

【例】Susan worked for the Peace Corps for two years in Central America.

armament

[ˈɑːməmənt] n. 兵力，军力（arms, munitions）

【记】arma（军队）＋ment

【例】Armament is thought to be a protection against aggression.

enlist

[inˈlist] vt. 征召，招募（enroll）

【记】en＋list（列入名单）

【例】I enlisted Mary and Bill to help decorate the party room.

recruit

[riˈkruːt] vt. 征兵，征募（enlist, enroll）

【例】He was recruited into the army.

array

[əˈrei] n. 队列，排列（order, display）

【例】The colorful array of candy made the children's eyes bulge.

squad

[skwɔd] n. 小队；班

raid

[reid] n./v. 袭击（attack, foray）

【例】Air raids involved in the war destroyed many families.

charge

[ʧɑːʤ] v. 猛攻（attack）

【例】Our soldiers charged the enemy.

encroach

[inˈkrəuʧ] vi. 蚕食，侵占（intrude, trespass）

【记】比较crochet（钩）

【例】The reporter encroached on my privacy.

despoil

[disˈpɔil] vt. 夺取

【例】The region is despoiled of its scenic beauty by unchecked development.

invade

[inˈveid] vt. 侵入，侵略，侵犯（intrude, agress）

【例】Before they could attack they needed to decide upon the plan about how they could invade the country.

assault

[əˈsɔːlt] vt. 袭击 n. 攻击（attack, assail）

【例】Mike very unwisely assaulted a police officer.

exterminate

[eksˈtəːmineit] vt. 消灭（eradicate, eliminate）

【记】ex＋termin（范围）＋ate→清除出范围→消灭

【例】The landlord exterminated the rats in the cellar.

extinguish

[iksˈtiŋɡwiʃ] vt. 消灭（exterminate）

【例】John extinguished the campfire with water.

absorb

[əbˈzɔːb] vt. 并吞

【记】ab＋sorb（吸）

【例】Large nations should absorb smaller ones.

onset

[ˈɔnset] n. 攻击（attack）

【记】来自set on（攻击）

【例】The onset of arthritis stopped the old lady from doing needlework.

repulse

[riˈpʌls] vt. 击退（repel）

【记】re（反）＋ pulse（推）→排斥

【例】Tom repulsed the attacker by punching him in the stomach.

expedition

[ˌekspiˈdiʃən] n. 远征（exploration）

【记】ex＋ped（脚）＋ition→脚出动→远征

【例】The explorers started on a year-long expedition down the Nile.

siege

[siːʤ] n./vt. 围困，围攻（besiege, encircle）

【例】During the enemy's siege, no one could leave or enter the city.

envelop

[inˈveləp] vt. 包围（besiege, enclose）

【例】Accompanying the darkness, a stillness envelops the city.

beset

[biˈset] vt. 包围（besiege, surround）

【例】The small town was beset by enemy troops.

besiege

[biˈsiːʤ] vt. 围（enclose）

【记】be＋siege（围攻）

【例】The speaker was besieged with questions.

morale

[məˈrɑːl] n. 民心；士气

【记】比较moral（道德）

【例】With no food and water, the soldiers are in low morale.

mandate

[ˈmændeit] n. 命令；要求（command）

【记】mand（命令）＋ate

tactics

[ˈtæktiks] n. 战术

【记】tact（机智）＋ics

naval

[ˈneivl] adj. 海军的

【记】比较navy（海军）

military

[ˈmilitəri] adj. 军事的，军用的

Word List 10

考古学

archeology

[ɑːkiˈɔləʤi] n. 考古学

invaluable

[inˈvæljuəbl] adj. 无价的（valuable, precious）

【记】invaluable＝valuable（有价值的）；比较valueless（无价值的）

unearth

[ʌnˈəːθ] vt. 发掘，发现（uncover, exhume）

【记】un＋earth（土地）→弄开土→挖掘

【例】A recent excavation unearthed a pottery of Ming dynasty.

scoop

[skuːp] vt. 汲取；挖掘（dig, pick）

【例】He used his bare hands to scoop up water from the river.

exhume

[iɡˈzuːm] vt. 掘出（excavate, dig）

【记】ex（出）＋hume（土）→出土→掘出

【例】The coroner exhumed the body in order to perform tests regarding the cause of death.

excavate

[ˈekskəveit] vt. 挖掘（dig, delve）

【记】ex＋cav（洞）＋ate→挖出洞→挖掘

【例】They excavated a huge hole for the foundation of the building.

excavation

[ˌekskəˈveiʃən] n. 挖掘，发掘；挖掘成的洞；出土文物

Neolithic

[niːəuˈliθik] adj. 新石器时代的

Mesolithic

[ˌmesəuˈliθik, ˌmez-] n. 中石器时代（旧石器时代与新石器时代之间的时代）

Paleolithic

[ˌpæliəuˈliθik] adj. 旧石器时代的

origin

[ˈɔriʤin] n. 起源，由来

chronological

[ˌkrɔnəˈlɔʤikl] adj. 按年代顺序的

【例】This article describes events in a chronological order.

archaic

[ɑːˈkeiik] adj. 古的（old）

【记】arch（古）＋aic

【例】The archaic ship was just like the ones used centuries earlier.

ascend

[əˈsend] v. 追溯

【例】His ancestors ascend to the 15th century.

originate

[əˈriʤineit] vi. 发源于（initiate, start）

【例】The compass originated from China.

primitive

[ˈprimitiv] adj. 原始的，最初的（crude, original, primordial）

remnant

[ˈremnənt] n. 残余；遗迹（remains, leftover, vestige）

【例】No remnants of the settlement of Roanoke, Virginia were found by the next group of colonists.

porcelain

[ˈpɔːsəlin] n. 瓷器（china）

antique

[ænˈtiːk] n. 古物，古董

antiquity

[ænˈtikwiti] n. 古代，古老，古代的遗物

skull

[skʌl] n. 头脑；头骨

artifact

[ˈɑːtifækt] n. 人造物品

The tragedy of life is not so much what men suffer, but what they miss.

—Carlyle

生活的悲剧不在于人们受到多少苦，而在于人们错过了什么。

——卡莱尔

Word List 11

农　业

prolific

[prəˈlifik] adj. 多产的（productive）

【例】The prolific author published over 80 novels.

rich

[riʧ] adj. 富有的（wealthy）

fertile

[ˈfəːtail] adj. 肥沃的；多产的（fruitful; rich）

【记】fert＝fer（带来）＋ile→能带来粮食→肥沃的

【例】The very fertile couple had six children in eight years.

harvest

[ˈhɑːvist] n./v. 收获（glean, gather）

【例】It's already autumn, a time to harvest.

agriculture

[ˈæɡrikʌlʧə] n. 农业，农艺，农学

agricultural

[ˌæɡriˈkʌltʃərəl] adj. 农业的，农艺的

aquaculture

[ˈækwəˌkʌlʧə] n. 水产业

arable

[ˈærəbl] adj. 适于耕种的（farmable, fruitful）

【记】ara（耕种）＋ble

indigenous

[inˈdiʤinəs] adj. 土产的，当地的

【记】indi（内部）＋gen（产生）＋ous→内部产生→土产的

【例】The indigenous people of the area know which plants are safe to eat and which are poisonous.

fertilizer

[ˈfəːtilaizə] n. 肥料

【记】来自fertilize（施肥）

husbandry

[ˈhʌzbəndri] n. 耕种；管理（farming management）

【记】husband（丈夫）＋ry→丈夫负责→耕种

【例】He studied animal husbandry in college.

graze

[ɡreiz] v. 吃草（feed）

【例】This field will graze 30 head of cattle.

cultivate

[ˈkʌltiveit] vt. 耕种；培养（till; foster, train）

【记】cult（培养）＋ivate

【例】The botanist cultivated tropical flowers.

cultivation

[ˌkʌltiˈveiʃən] n. 耕种；培养

【例】Max's natural skills at painting only needed cultivation.

manure

[məˈnjuə] vt. 施肥（fertilizer, dung）

【例】The farmers manured the fields in the spring.

horticulture

[ˈhɔːtikʌlʧə] n. 园艺

hydroponics

[ˈhaidrəuˈpɔniks] n. 水耕法，水栽培

insecticide

[inˈsektisaid] n. 杀虫剂

irrigate

[ˈiriɡeit] vt. 灌溉，修水利

【例】They irrigated the land in order to increase the produce.

pesticide

[ˈpestisaid] n. 杀虫剂

ridge

[riʤ] v. 起皱，成脊状延伸，翻土作垄

【例】The land ridges toward the south.

silt

[silt] n. 淤泥，残渣，煤粉，泥沙

tractor

[ˈtræktə] n. 拖拉机

squash

[skwɔʃ] n. 南瓜

cotton

[ˈkɔtn] n. 棉花，棉线

garlic

[ˈɡɑːlik] n. 大蒜，蒜头

eggplant

[ˈeɡplɑːnt] n. 茄子

fodder

[ˈfɔdə] n. 饲料，草料

hay

[hei] n. 干草

haystack

[ˈheistæk] n. 干草堆

vegetable

[ˈveʤitəbl] n. 蔬菜，植物 adj. 蔬菜的，植物的

weed

[wiːd] n. 野草，杂草 v. 除草，铲除

【例】Ofen weeding the garden will do good to the flowers.

sorghum

[ˈsɔːɡəm] n. 高粱属的植物

livestock

[ˈlaivstɔk] n. 家畜，牲畜

poultry

[ˈpəultri] n. 家禽

buffalo

[ˈbʌfələu] n. （印度，非洲等的）水牛

cattle

[ˈkætl] n. 牛，家养牲畜

fowl

[faul] n. 家禽，禽，禽肉

sow

[səu] v. 播种，散布，使密布 [sau] n. 大母猪

【例】As you sow, so will you reap.

conservatory

[kənˈsəːvətəri] n. 温室（greenhouse）

【例】Like flowers in the conservatory, children are very fragile.

barn

[bɑːn] n. 谷仓，畜棚，畜舍

cowshed

[ˈkauʃed] n. 牛棚，牛舍

granary

[ˈɡrænəri] n. 谷仓

greenhouse

[ˈɡriːnhaus] n. 温室，花房

seedbed

[ˈsiːdbed] n. 苗床

sheepfold

[ˈʃiːpfəuld] n. 羊圈

orchard

[ˈɔːʧəd] n. 果园，果园里的全部果树

pasture

[ˈpɑːsʧə] n. 牧地，草原，牧场

pigpen

[ˈpiɡpen] n. 猪舍，猪舍似的地方

pigsty

[ˈpiɡstai] n. 猪舍，脏房子

plantation

[plænˈteiʃən] n. 耕地，种植园，大农场，森林，人造林

ranch

[rænʧ] n. 大农场 v. 经营牧场

trough

[ˈtrɔːf] n. 槽，水槽，饲料槽，木钵

All that you do, do with your might; things done by halves are never done right.

—Sloddard

做一切事情都应尽力而为，不可半途而废。

——斯托达德

Word List 12

气　象

balmy

[ˈbɑːmi] adj. 温和的（refreshing, mild, temperate, moderate）

【记】balm（香气）＋y

humid

[ˈhjuːmid] adj. 潮湿的（damp, moist）

【例】The humid weather made everyone sticky and uncomfortable.

humidity

[hjuːˈmiditi] n. 潮湿（moisture）

【记】humid（湿）＋ity→潮湿

damp

[dæmp] adj. 潮湿的，有湿气的（wet, moist）

【例】Tony wiped the counter with a damp rag.

dank

[dæŋk] adj. 阴湿的（damp, clammy）

【例】Our cellar is dank and dark.

moisture

[ˈmɔisʧə] n. 潮湿，湿气

saturate

[ˈsæʧəreit] v. 使饱和，浸透，使充满

【例】Don't forget to satuatate the meat in the mixture of oil and herbs.

drought

[draut] n. 干旱（aridity, dry period, prolonged lack of rain）

【例】The lawns turned brown and the trees lost their leaves during the drought.

arid

[ˈærid] adj. 干旱的（barren, infertile, dry）

【例】The desert is an arid place.

chilly

[ˈʧili] adj. 寒冷的

【例】It is a bit chilly outside today.

chill

[ʧil] n. 寒冷 vt. 使变冷

【例】A freezing draft gave everyone in the room a chill.

frigid

[ˈfriʤid] adj. 严寒的（icy, freezing）；冷淡的

【记】frig（寒冷）＋id

【例】The Eskimos are used to frigid weather.

serene

[səˈriːn] adj. 晴朗的

【例】In the countryside people can enjoy serene skies and clean air.

tepid

[ˈtepid] adj. 微温的（lukewarm, warm）

【例】The coffee that was hot fifteen minutes ago is now tepid.

gale

[ɡeil] n. 大风（storm, tempest）

hurricane

[ˈhʌrikein] n. 飓风

【记】twister 龙卷风，tornado 龙卷风

atmosphere

[ˈætməsfiə] n. 气氛；大气层

【例】The Smith's favorite restaurant has a friendly, relaxed atmosphere.

climate

[ˈklaimit] n. 气候，气氛（weather, atmosphere）

【例】The climate in this part of the country is very mild.

barometer

[bəˈrɔmitə] n. 气压计（indicator）

【记】baro（压力）＋meter

【例】A barometer is useful in predicting the weather.

breeze

[briːz] n. 微风

blast

[blɑːst] n. 一阵（风）（gust, blow）

【例】The leaves were lifted into the air by a sudden blast of wind.

whirlwind

[ˈ(h)wəːlwind] n. 旋风

typhoon

[taiˈfuːn] n. 台风

tornado

[tɔːˈneidəu] n. 旋风，龙卷风，大雷雨

meteorology

[ˌmiːtjəˈrɔləʤi] n. 气象学，气象状态

troposphere

[ˈtrɔpəusfiə] n. 对流层

current

[ˈkʌrənt] n. 气流

funnel

[ˈfʌnəl] n. 漏斗云

smog

[smɔɡ] n. 烟雾

fog

[fɔɡ] n. 雾，烟雾，尘雾

【记】比较frog（青蛙）

precipitate

[priˈsipiteit] v. 凝结（形成雨、雪）

【记】pre（提前）＋cipit（落下）＋ate→降下

【例】It's supposed to precipitate today, so bring an umbrella.

precipitation

[priˌsipiˈteiʃən] n. 降水

drizzle

[ˈdrizl] v. 下细雨（rain, sprinkle）

【例】Today it drizzled and was cold.

blizzard

[ˈblizəd] n. 大风雪

dew

[djuː] n. 露，露水般的东西

downpour

[ˈdaunpɔː(r)] n. 倾盆大雨

droplet

[ˈdrɔplit] n. 小滴

frost

[frɔst, frɔːst] n. 霜，霜冻，严寒 v. 结霜

【例】The cold has frosted the windows.

vapor

[ˈveipə] n. 水汽，水蒸气

tempest

[ˈtempist] n. 暴风雨

shower

[ˈʃauə] n. 阵雨；淋浴

hail

[heil] n. 冰雹

condense

[kənˈdens] v. （使）浓缩，精简

【例】Steam condenses to water when it touches a cold surface.

crystal

[ˈkristl] adj. 结晶状的

Our greatest glory consists not in never falling but in rising every time we fall.

—Goldsmith

我们最值得自豪的不在于从不跌倒，而在于每次跌倒之后都爬起来。

——戈德史密斯

Word List 13

人类学

juvenile

[ˈʤuːvinail] adj. 青少年的（adolescent, young）

【记】juven（年青）＋ile

【例】The clerk directed Jane and her mother to the juvenile clothing section of the store.

adult

[əˈdʌlt] n. 成人 adj. 成人的，成熟的（mature）

human

[ˈhjuːmən] adj. 人类的，人性的

【例】Being angry at something that is unfair is very human.

anthropology

[ˌænθrəˈpɔləʤi] n. 人类学

tribe

[traib] n. 部落，部族

ethnic

[ˈeθnik] adj. 种族的（racial, national）

【记】ethn（种族）＋ic

【例】The chef prepared many ethnic dishes.

ethnology

[ˌeθˈnɔləʤi] n. 人种学，人类文化学

minority

[maiˈnɔriti] n. 少数；少数民族

【记】minor（小，少）＋ity→少的状态→少数

descent

[diˈsent] n. 血统（ancestry）

hybrid

[ˈhaibrid] n. 杂种；混血儿

intelligence

[inˈteliʤəns] n. 智力

【记】intel（中间）＋lig（选择）＋ence→从中选出好的智力

intellectual

[ˌintiˈlekʧuəl] adj. 智力的

【记】intellect（智力）＋ual

aboriginal

[ˌæbəˈriʤənəl] n. 土著 adj. 土著的，原来的（native）

【记】ab＋original（原版的，原来的）

ancestor

[ˈænsistə] n. 祖先，祖宗

forerunner

[ˈfɔːˌrʌnə] n. 先驱，祖先（ancestor, predecessor）

【记】fore（前）＋runner（奔跑者）→先驱

hominid

[ˈhɔminid] n. 原始人类

cranial

[ˈkreinjəl] adj. 头盖的，头盖形的

Word List 14

人　物

场景：新东方课堂（人数约800）

REDROCK：在TOEFL人物文章中，讲得最多的是什么人？

众生齐答：“女人！”

我必须承认他们是正确的，在讲述人物的文章中，有一个特殊的现象是：在曾经考过的30多个人物中，只有两位男性——发明电灯的Edison和发明润滑器的McCoy。

TOEFL阅读中出现的女性无论从事何种职业，她们在有生之年大多被认为是性情孤僻（eccentric）、性格独特（unique）、多愁善感（sentimental）等等。而到离世之后（posthumously）却获得了人们普遍的认可（acclaimed），她们很快与杰出（preeminent）为伍，变得家喻户晓（household），每次讲到这里我都替她们深深遗憾，如果Emily Dickinson们能活到现在该多好啊！她们不仅能看到自己的抒情诗（lyrics）终被列为经典馆藏起来，而且她们也会看到ETS关注的大多是她们平生不愿意上“对话”节目的那一部分，而不是她们的艺术或文学成就。很显然，ETS没有歧视她们。在研究美国女权主义（feminism）起源的一篇文章中，数位杰出而不知名的女性被一一列出，这是何等的荣耀啊！

counsel

[ˈkaunsəl] n. 律师

crew

[kruː] n. 船员

【例】The crew rowed the boat up and down the river.

aviator

[ˈeivieitə] n. 飞行家（pilot）

【例】The navy aviator had been trained for many years.

playwright

[ˈpleirait] n. 剧作家

【记】play（戏剧）＋wright（作家）

operator

[ˈɔpəreitə] n. 接线员

clergy

[ˈkləːʤi] n. 神职人员

【例】Bill and his wife are both members of the clergy.

auditor

[ˈɔːditə] n. 审计员；旁听者

【记】audi（听）＋or

athlete

[ˈæθliːt] n. 运动员

satirist

[ˈsætirist] n. 讽刺作家

sculptor

[ˈskʌlptə(r)] n. 雕刻家

mathematician

[ˌmæθiməˈtiʃən] n. 数学家

astronaut

[ˈæstrənɔːt] n. 太空人，宇航员

astronomer

[əˈstrɔnəmə(r)] n. 天文学家

spaceman

[ˈspeismən] n. 太空船上的飞行员，宇宙人

botanist

[ˈbɔtənist] n. 植物学家

choreographer

[ˌkɔriˈɔɡrəfə(r)] n. 舞蹈设计师

scout

[skaut] n. 侦察员；童子军

【例】He is a responsible scout with keen observation.

geographer

[ʤiˈɔɡrəfə] n. 地理学者

geologist

[ʤiˈɔləʤist] n. 地质学者

educator

[ˈedjuːkeitə(r)] n. 教育家

faculty

[ˈfækəlti] n. 全体教员

treasurer

[ˈtreʒərə] n. 司库，财务员，出纳员

archeologist

[ˌɑːkiˈɔləʤist] n. 考古学家

paleoanthropologist

[ˈpæliəuˌænθrəˈpɔləʤist] n. 古人类学家

pilot

[ˈpailət] n. 飞行员，领航员，引水员

meteorologist

[ˌmiːtjəˈrɔləʤist] n. 气象学者

anthropologist

[ˌænθrəˈpɔləʤist] n. 人类学者，人类学家

artist

[ˈɑːtist] n. 艺术家，画家

imagist

[ˈiməʤist] n. 意象派诗人

inventor

[inˈventə(r)] n. 发明家

mechanic

[miˈkænik] n. 技工，机修工，机械师

biographer

[baiˈɔɡrəfə] n. 传记作者

censor

[ˈsensə] n. 检查员 vt. 检查

【例】The dictator censored news of the war.

physician

[fiˈziʃən] n. 医师（doctor）

hermit

[ˈhəːmit] n. 隐居者

【例】The hermit lived in a tiny cottage in the woods.

recluse

[ˈrekluːs] n. 隐士（hermit）

【记】re（重新）＋cluse（close 关闭）→隐居

ecologist

[iˈkɔləʤist] n. 生态学者

critic

[ˈkritik] n. 批评家，评论家，吹毛求疵者

philanthropist

[fiˈlænθrəpist] n. 慈善家

attorney

[əˈtəːni] n. 代理人，辩护律师（lawyer）

【例】Bob hired an attorney to get a patent for his invention.

congressman

[ˈkɔŋɡresmən] n. 国会议员

【例】Five congressmen spoke in favor of the amendment.

connoisseur

[ˌkɔniˈsəː] n. 鉴赏家，行家

【记】con＋nois（知道）＋seur→懂行的人

【例】The art connoisseur thought the exhibit was distasteful.

entrepreneur

[ˌɔntrəprəˈnəː] n. 企业家；主办人

principal

[ˈprinsəpl] n. 校长（head, headmaster）

staff

[stɑːf] n. 全体人员或职员

commander

[kəˈmɑːndə] n. 司令官，指挥员

【例】The soldiers stood at attention while their commander inspected them.

commentator

[ˈkɔmenteitə] n. 注释者，评论家

【例】The sports commentator had his own radio program.

attendant

[əˈtendənt] n. 侍者，护理人员（waiter）

【例】The queen's attendants went everywhere with her.

trapper

[ˈtræpə] n. 设陷阱捕兽者

orator

[ˈɔːrətə] n. 演讲者（speaker）

idiot

[ˈidiət] n. 白痴，傻子

【记】idio（个人）＋t→特殊的个人→白痴

idiocy

[ˈidiəsi] n. 白痴

【记】来自idiot

moron

[ˈmɔːrɔn] n. 低能儿，白痴（idiot）

【记】moro（笨）＋n

illiterate

[iˈlitərit] n. 文盲（uneducated）

【记】il（不）＋literate（识字的）

proxy

[ˈprɔksi] n. 代理人（deputy）

【例】I'm acting as a proxy for the president while he's on vacation.

deputy

[ˈdepjuti] n. 代理人（representative）

【例】The head of the company could not be there in person, so he sent his deputy.

proprietor

[prəˈpraiətə] n. 所有者，经营者

consumer

[kənˈsjuːmə] n. 顾客，消费者（customer）

employer

[imˈplɔiə] n. 雇用者，雇主

【例】I asked my employer for a raise.

employee

[ˌemplɔiˈiː] n. 雇员

【例】The factory employees must arrive by 7:30 a.m..

debtor

[ˈdetə] n. 债务人

【例】I don't borrow money because my parents told me never to be a debtor.

arbitrator

[ˈɑːbitreitə] n. 仲裁者（mediator, arbiter）

【例】The disputing parties agreed to accept the decision of the arbitrator.

superintendent

[ˌsjuːpərinˈtendənt] n. 主管，负责人，指挥者（supervisor, manager）

【记】super（上面）＋intendent（监督）

apprentice

[əˈprentis] n. 学徒（disciple）

tenant

[ˈtenənt] n. 租户，房客（occupant, inhabitant）

miser

[ˈmaizə] n. 守财奴，吝啬鬼

donor

[ˈdəunə] n. 捐助者（contributor）

【例】The hospital asked for blood donors.

personnel

[ˌpəːsəˈnel] n. 人员，职员

【记】person（人）＋ nel

benefactor

[ˈbenifæktə] n. 恩人，捐助人

【记】bene（好）＋fact（做）＋or→做好事的人

【例】The generous benefactor remained anonymous.

mortal

[ˈmɔːtl] n. 凡人（human）

【记】mort（死）＋al

【例】All mortals, however outstanding, are to die one day.

company

[ˈkʌmpəni] n. 伙伴

【例】You would not have been robbed if you had taken me as your company.

audience

[ˈɔːdjəns] n. 观众（spectator）

【例】The audience loved the opera and gave it a standing ovation.

recipient

[riˈsipiənt] n. 接受者（receiver, payee）

exponent

[eksˈpəunənt] n. 解释者（interpreter, expositor）

【记】另一个意思是“支持者”，比较opponent（反对者）

【例】The senator is a staunch exponent of civil rights.

resident

[ˈrezidənt] n. 居民（inhabitant, occupant）

【例】The population of resident bacteria in a clean square centimeter on human skin exceeds a million.

inhabitant

[inˈhæbitənt] n. 居民，住户（resident, occupant）

【记】inhabit＋ant

bachelor

[ˈbæʧələ] n. 单身汉（unmarried man）；学士

idol

[ˈaidl] n. 偶像

novice

[ˈnɔvis] n. 新信徒；生手（beginner, tyro, layman）

【记】nov（新）＋ice（表示人）

believer

[biˈliːvə] n. 信徒（faithful）

【记】来自believe（相信）

【例】The faithful believers always went to church.

cult

[kʌlt] n. 崇拜者

【例】The cult leader believed he was the son of God.

fanatic

[fəˈnætik] n. 盲信者

【记】fan（迷）＋atic→着迷的人→盲信者

adherent

[ədˈhiərənt] n. 信奉者（supporter）

【记】adhere（粘着）＋ent→坚持的人

【例】The political party's loyal adherents contributed a lot of money.

faithful

[ˈfeiθful] n. 信徒

【记】faith（忠诚）＋ful

【例】In Amish tribe, the faithful are not allowed to own auto-mobiles.

disciple

[diˈsaipl] n. 门徒（apprentice）

【例】Jesus had twelve disciples.

champion

[ˈʧæmpjən] n. 冠军

【例】Liu Xiang is the famous athlete who won the 28th Athen Olympic Games men's 110m hurdles champion.

assassin

[əˈsæsin] n. 刺客

【例】The spy was a trained assassin.

bandit

[ˈbændit] n. 强盗（robber, pirate）

【例】The bandit tried to hide from the sheriff.

burglar

[ˈbəːɡlə] n. 夜盗，窃贼

【例】Bill thought he heard a burglar downstairs, but it was only the dog.

barbarian

[bɑːˈbɛəriən] n. 野蛮人

【记】barbar（愚昧）＋ian（人）

【例】Bob's manners are worse than a barbarian's.

exile

[ˈekzail] n. 被流放者

【例】The king was exiled when his empire was taken over.

rebel

[ˈrebl] n. 背叛者（traitor）

【例】He is the perfect recruit for fascist movements a rebel not a revolutionary, contemptuous yet envious of the rich and involved with them.

addict

[ˈædikt] n. 沉溺于…者（indulger, surrender）

【例】John is an addict when it comes to cigarettes.

egoist

[ˈiːɡəuist] n. 自我主义者

【记】ego（我）＋ist

eyewitness

[ˈaiwitnis] n. 目击者（spectator）

【记】eye（眼睛）＋ witness（证人）

【例】An eyewitness to the crime testified against the suspect.

spectator

[ˈspekteitə] n. 旁观者；观众（viewer, audience）

【记】sepct（看）＋ator（人）

spouse

[spaus] n. 配偶（partner, mate）

couple

[ˈkʌpl] n. 一对（夫妇）（pair）

beneficiary

[ˌbeniˈfiʃəri] n. 受益者

【例】The museum was the beneficiary of Mary's generosity.

inferior

[inˈfiəriə] n. 下级，晚辈

【记】infer（低）＋ior；比较superior（上级）

【例】You can't talk like you are God even if he is your inferior.

zealot

[ˈzelət] n. 热心者（fanatic, bigot）

precursor

[pri(ː)ˈkəːsə] n. 先驱

avant-garde

[ˌævɔnˈɡɑːd] n. 先锋派，前卫

alumni

[əˈljuːmnai] n. 男毕业生，男校友

skeptic

[ˈskeptik] n. 怀疑者

malcontent

[ˈmælkəntent] n. 不平者，不满者

【记】mal（坏）＋content（满意的）

foe

[fəu] n. 敌人（enemy, adversary）

opponent

[əˈpəunənt] n. 敌人；对手（enemy; rival）

rival

[ˈraivəl] n. 对手 v. 竞争

【例】Edison is a genius who can't be rivaled by ordinary mortals though advancedly educated.

celebrity

[siˈlebriti] n. 名人（person of note）

【例】The unknown actress became a celeberity when her first film was released.

figurehead

[ˈfiɡəhed] n. 名义领袖

【记】figuar（形象）＋head（头，首领）

veteran

[ˈvetərən] n. 老兵，老手（ex-serviceman, old soldier）

traitor

[ˈtreitə] n. 叛徒，卖国贼（betrayer）

advocate

[ˈædvəkit] n. 辩护者；拥护者

【记】ad＋voc（说）＋ate

【例】She is an advocate of equal pay for men and women.

feminist

[ˈfeminist] n. 男女平等主义者，女权扩张论者

humanitarian

[hju(ː)ˌmæniˈtɛəriən] n. 人道主义者

throng

[θrɔːŋ] n. 群众（crowd, swarm）

【例】The noisy throng of teenagers jammed the hall to hear the rock concert.

civilian

[siˈviljən] n. 平民 adj. 平民的

【例】The civilians watched the soldiers marching in the parade.

monarch

[ˈmɔnək] n. 君主，最高统治者

【记】mon（单个）＋arch（统治者）→君主

conservative

[kənˈsəːvətiv] n. 保守的人 adj. 保守的

【例】A conservative estimate of the cost to repair the car is $100.

envoy

[ˈenvɔi] n. 使者，公使

【例】The envoy traveled regularly to foreign countries.

aristocrat

[əˈristəkræt] n. 贵族（blue blood）

【记】aristo（最好）＋crat（统治者）

gentry

[ˈʤentri] n. 贵族

autocrat

[ˈɔːtəkræt] n. 独裁者（dictator）

【记】auto（自己）＋crat（统治者）→独裁者

【例】The autocrat ruled the country unjustly.

delegate

[ˈdeliɡit] n. 代表（deputy, representative）

【记】de（加强）＋leg（法律）＋ate→加强法律之人→代表

democrat

[ˈdeməkræt] n. 民主党人

independent

[indiˈpendənt] n. 中立派，无党派者

candidate

[ˈkændidit] n. 候选人

【例】The reporter asked the candidate some tough questions.

Our destiny offers not the cup of despair, but the chalice of opportunity.

—Nixon

命运给予我们的不是失望之酒，而是机会之杯。

——尼克松

Word List 15

社会学

urban

[ˈəːbən] adj. 城市的（municipal, metropolitan）

rustic

[ˈrʌstik] adj. 乡村的（rural, unsophisticated）

【记】rust（乡村）＋ic

community

[kəˈmjuːniti] n. 社区；社会；公社

【记】commune（公共的）＋ity→公共状态→社会，社区

【例】There are seven churches in our community.

metropolitan

[metrəˈpɔlit(ə)n] adj. 首都的，主要都市的，大城市的

exotic

[iɡˈzɔtik] adj. 外来的；有异国风味的（unusual, foreign）

【记】exo（外面）＋tic→外来的

【例】Susan and Bill love to eat spicy and exotic food.

conventional

[kənˈvenʃənl] adj. 传统的，习俗的（traditional, customary）

【例】Mary thought marriage and family was too conventional so she joined the army.

convention

[kənˈvenʃən] n. 传统

【例】Chinese people have the convention of shaking hands.

patriarchal

[ˌpeitriˈɑːkəl] adj. 家长的，族长的

institutionalize

[ˌinstiˈtjuːʃənəlaiz] v. 使制度化或习俗化

【例】One question that is raised is how to institutionalize our scholarship disciplines.

clan

[klæn] n. 部落，氏族，宗族，党派

status

[ˈstætəs] n. 地位（position, rank）

【例】The status of colonial women had been well studied.

taboo

[təˈbuː] n./vt. 禁忌；禁止（ban, prohibition）

【例】Four-letter words are taboo words to these ladies.

ethics

[ˈeθiks] n. 伦理学

【记】eth＝ethn（种族）＋ics→种族规范→伦理学

genteel

[ʤenˈtiːl] adj. 上流社会的（well-bred, courteous）

【记】比较gentle（温柔）

marital

[ˈmæritl] adj. 婚姻的（wedded, conjugal）

【记】比较marriage（结婚）

polygamous

[pɔˈliɡəməs] adj. 一夫多妻的，一妻多夫的

household

[ˈhaushəuld] n. 一家人，家庭，家族

Word List 16

生物学

parasite

[ˈpærəsait] n. 寄生虫；寄生植物

【记】para（旁边）＋site（坐）→坐在旁边的→寄生虫

parasitic

[ˌpærəˈsitik] adj. 寄生的

mimicry

[ˈmimikri] n. 模仿；拟态（camouflage）

【记】mimic（模枋）＋ry

【例】The stick caterpillar's vivid mimicry enlarged its chances of survival.

symbiosis

[simbaiˈəusis] n. 共生（现象），合作（或互利，互依）关系

symbiotic

[ˌsimbaiˈɔtik] adj. 共生的

creature

[ˈkriːʧə] n. 生物

organism

[ˈɔːɡənizəm] n. 生物，有机物

【记】organ（器官）＋ism

strain

[strein] n. （动物、昆虫等的）种；血统

species

[ˈspiːʃiz] n. 物种

vital

[ˈvaitl] adj. 活的，活体的

ripe

[raip] adj. 成熟的（mature, ready）

【例】We describe plants as "ripe", and animals as "mature".

evolve

[iˈvɔlv] v. （使）进化；（使）发展（develop, grow）

【例】Modern turtles evolved from a very large, prehistoric species of turtle.

evolutionary

[ˌevəˈluːʃənəri] adj. 进化的

Darwinism

[ˈdɑːwinizəm] n. 达尔文学说，进化论

extinct

[iksˈtiŋkt] adj. 灭绝的

【记】ex＋tinct（促使）→促使出去→灭绝

extinction

[iksˈtiŋkʃən] n. 灭绝

【例】What caused the extinction of dinosaurs?

breed

[briːd] vt. 养育，繁殖（raise） n. 品种（species, strain）

【例】The housewife has been breeding chickens for years.

reproduction

[ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən] n. 繁殖（multiplication）；复制品

【记】re（重新）＋production（生产）→复制

【例】Don't get yourself cheated. The vase is only a reproduction.

proliferate

[prəuˈlifəreit] v. 繁衍（multiply, increase）

【记】pro（前）＋lifer（后代）＋ate→增殖，激增

【例】Autumn is the best season for crab to proliferate.

propagate

[ˈprɔpəɡeit] vt. 繁殖（multiply, proliferate）；传播

【例】Missionaries went far afield to propagate their faith.

subsist

[səbˈsist] vi. 生存（live, survive）

【例】The poor farmer's family subsisted on potatoes.

exist

[iɡˈzist] vi. 生存（survive）

【例】We wish our love will exist forever.

posterity

[pɔsˈteriti] n. 后代（offspring, descendant）

【记】post（后）＋erity

fermentation

[ˌfəːmenˈteiʃn] n. 发酵

【记】ferm＝ferv（热）＋entation→热而发酵

【例】During fermentation, yeast emits a distinctive smell.

respiration

[ˌrespəˈreiʃən] n. 呼吸（breathing）

【记】re（反复）＋spir（呼吸）＋ation

stodgy

[ˈstɔʤi] adj. 难消化的

secrete

[siˈkriːt] vt. 分泌（discharge, release）

【例】The stomach begins to secrete a certain type of enzyme when food reaches it.

secretion

[siˈkriːʃən] n. 分泌（物）

assimilate

[əˈsimileit] vt. 吸收（absorb, integrate, incorporate）

【记】as＋simil（相同）＋ate→使相同→同化，吸收

【例】I have not quite assimilated the new rules so I sometimes violate them by mistake.

immune

[iˈmjuːn] adj. 免除的；免疫的（unaffected, unsusceptible）

【记】im（没有）＋mune（责任）→没有责任→免除的

【例】I had the mumps when I was six, so now I am immune.

immunity

[iˈmjuːniti] n. 免疫性

metabolism

[meˈtæbəlizəm] n. 新陈代谢

【记】meta（变化）＋bolism→产生变化→新陈代谢

【例】Lazy people with slow metabolism tend to gain weight.

morphology

[mɔːˈfɔləʤi] n. 形态学

microscope

[ˈmaikrəskəup] n. 显微镜

calorie

[ˈkæləri] n. 卡路里

carbohydrate

[ˈkɑːbəuˈhaidreit] n. 碳水化合物，醣类

glucose

[ˈɡluːkəus] n. 葡萄糖

protein

[ˈprəutiːn] n. 蛋白质 adj. 蛋白质的

organ

[ˈɔːɡən] n. 器官

Word List 17

数　学

TOEFL的数学类文章展现下列主题：

数学是人类的一项本能（instinct），假如一个小孩子出生后就被遗弃（deserted）到一个荒岛（isolated island），七八年后把他或她接回来放到小学一二年级，数学上没有任何问题啊。

这当然是一个狂野并惨无人道的假想试验，但证明了人们计数的能力是本能。

人们的计数系统是如何发展起来的呢？

人们最早先是在数羊的时候发现需要十进制（decimal system）来解决问题，用双手的十个指头来数羊当然容易理解，多了就无法计算了，某些种族估计也使用了脚趾头，就有了二十进制，再多就采用打结的方式记录，小结太多也不够用，大结就代表十，小结就代表一了。

TOEFL文章对古代数学水平非常艳羡，总是慨叹啊呀古人真厉害啊，在没有纸张等介质（medium）的情况下就算出了圆周率，估计祖冲之老先生在天有灵，对外夷的崇拜一定感到很无聊的。

rank

[ræŋk] v. 排序，排行 n. 等级

【例】He ranked first in the class./The railroad novel was not treated as the first-rank novel.

discrete

[disˈkriːt] adj. 不连续的；离散的（separate）

【例】A computer can perform millions of discrete functions per second.

symmetry

[ˈsimitri] n. 对称（性），匀称（balance, harmony）

【记】sym（共同）＋metry（测量）→两边测量一样→对称

sequence

[ˈsiːkwəns] n. 序列（procession, progression）

【记】sequ（跟随）＋ence→跟随着→序列

dual

[ˈdjuːəl] adj. 二重的；两层的（double; twofold）

【例】This stove has dual ovens, so you can bake bread and roast meat at the same time.

induction

[inˈdʌkʃən] n. 感应，感应现象；归纳

inference

[ˈinfərəns] n. 推论

circular

[ˈsəːkjulə] adj. 循环的，圆的（circuitous, roundabout）

【记】circul（绕圈）＋ar

【例】The carpenter used a special saw to cut a circular hole.

circulate

[ˈsəːkjuleit] v. （使）循环

【例】The rumor circulated through the office.

circulation

[ˌsəːkjuˈleiʃən] n. 循环

【例】A tight ring cut off circulation to my finger.

probability

[ˌprɔbəˈbiliti] n. 可能性，或然性，概率

qualitative

[ˈkwɔlitətiv] adj. 性质上的，定性的

dispersion

[disˈpəːʒən] n. 离差，差量

vertical

[ˈvəːtikl] adj. 垂直的（perpendicular, upright）

plumb

[plʌm] adj. 垂直的（straight, vertical）

upright

[ˈʌprait] adj./adv. 垂直的（地），笔直的（地）（vertical, upstanding）

【记】up（上）＋right（正的）

【例】An empty sack cannot stand upright.

cubic

[ˈkjuːbik] adj. 立方体的

circuitous

[səˈkjuːitəs] adj. 迂回的（indirect, roundabout）

【记】circuit（绕圈）＋ous

【例】You could tell Mary was evading our question when she gave a Circuitous response.

facet

[ˈfæsit] n. 平面

【例】The stonecutter decided to improve the rough diamond by providing it with several facets.

sphere

[sfiə] n. 球体（ball, globe）

【例】The earth is usually represented by a sphere.

loop

[luːp] n. 圈，环，环孔（circle, ring）

triangle

[ˈtraiæŋɡl] n. 三角形

circumference

[səˈkʌmfərəns] n. 圆周

【记】circum（绕圈）＋ference

【例】The circumference of the round table is five feet.

cone

[kəun] n. 圆锥

【例】The top of a cone comes to a sharp point.

caliber

[ˈkælibə] n. 口径

diameter

[daiˈæmitə] n. 直径

【记】dia（对）＋meter（量）→量到对面的线→直径

figure

[ˈfiɡə] n. 图形，形状（design, shape）

circle

[ˈsəːkl] n. 圆周，圆形物，派系，循环

cube

[kjuːb] n. 立方体，立方

column

[ˈkɔləm] n. 圆柱，柱壮物

angle

[ˈæŋɡl] n. 角，角落

area

[ˈɛəriə] n. 范围，区域，面积，地区，空地

ellipse

[iˈlips] n. 椭圆，椭圆形

diagram

[ˈdaiəɡræm] n. 图表（sketch, drawing）

【记】dia（交叉）＋gram（画图）→交叉画图

【例】A good diagram helped me assemble the bike.

polygon

[ˈpɔliɡən] n. 多角形，多边形

intersect

[ˌintəˈsekt] vi. 相交（cross, meet）

【记】inter（中间）＋sect（切，割）→从中间相切→相交

【例】These two fences intersect at the creek.

radius

[ˈreidjəs] n. 半径

rectangle

[ˈrektæŋɡl] n. 长方形，矩形

square

[skwɛə] n. 正方形，广场，平方，直角尺

parallel

[ˈpærəlel] vt. 与…平行 adj. 平行的

【记】para（旁边）＋llel→旁边的→平行的

【例】His paintings parallels that of Qi Baishi.

deduction

[diˈdʌkʃən] n. 扣除，扣除之量；推论，演绎法

degree

[diˈɡriː] n. 度数，度，程度

geometry

[ʤiˈɔmətri] n. 几何学

【记】geo（地）＋metry→测量地面→几何学

mathematics

[ˌmæθəˈmætiks] n. 数学

arithmetic

[əˈriθmətik] n. 算术

【记】arithm（数学）＋etic

【例】Arithmetic is a basic school subject.

statistics

[stəˈtistiks] n. 统计学；统计表

even

[ˈiːvən] adj. 平的；偶数的

【记】比较odd（奇数）

【例】The children skated on the sidewalk's even surface.

decimal

[ˈdesiml] adj. 十进制的 n. 小数

【记】decim（十分之一）＋al

【例】The metric system is a decimal system.

ratio

[ˈreiʃiəu] n. 比率（proportion, rate）

【例】The ratio of men to women is 3 to 1.

estimate

[ˈestimeit] vt. 估计（gauge, compute）

【例】I estimate that Tom will be promoted to department manager.

calculate

[ˈkælkjuleit] vt. 计算，估计（count）；计划

【例】Mary calculated her monthly expenses.

enumerate

[iˈnjuːməreit] vt. 枚举；计数（count, numerate）

【记】e（出）＋numer（数字）＋ate→按数列出→列举

【例】Sam can enumerate all the presidents of the United States.

evaluate

[iˈvæljueit] vt. 评价，估计（estimate, assess）

【记】e＋valu（价值）＋ate

【例】The assessor evaluated the plot of land before Anne sold it.

variant

[ˈvɛəriənt] n. 变量（variable）

【记】vari（变化）＋ant

variable

[ˈvɛəriəbl] n. 变量

abacus

[ˈæbəkəs] n. 算盘

aggregate

[ˈæɡriɡeit] n. 合计，总计；集合体

sum

[sʌm] n. 总数，和；金额；算术题

calculation

[ˌkælkjuˈleiʃən] n. 计算，考虑

calculator

[ˈkælkjuleitə] n. 计算机，计算器

calculus

[ˈkælkjuləs] n. 微积分学

digit

[ˈdiʤit] n. 阿拉伯数字；手指或足趾；一指宽（约四分之三英寸）

function

[ˈfʌŋkʃən] n. 函数

subtract

[səbˈtrækt] vt. 减去（deduct）

【例】If you subtract 2 from 6, you get 4.

addition

[əˈdiʃən] n. 加法

minus

[ˈmainəs] adj. 负的，减的 prep. 减去 n. 负数

multiply

[ˈmʌltiplai] v. 乘，增加

multiplication

[ˌmʌltipliˈkeiʃən] n. 乘法，增加

【例】multiplication table 乘法表

numeral

[ˈnjuːmərəl] n. 数字

percentage

[pəˈsentiʤ] n. 百分数，百分率，百分比

plus

[plʌs] prep. 加上 adj. 正的，加的

equation

[iˈkweiʃən] n. 等式

【例】1＋2＝3 is a simple equation.

quarter

[ˈkwɔːtə] n. 四分之一

【例】A quarter of a century would be 25 years.

fraction

[ˈfrækʃən] n. 分数

【记】fract（碎裂）＋ion

divide

[diˈvaid] vt. 分割；除

【例】The woman's estate was divided among her children.

Not ignorance, but the ignorance of ignorance, is the death of knowledge.

—Whitehead

不是无知本身，而是对无知的无知，才是知识的死亡。

——怀特海德

Word List 18

天　文

据说在Do年代的美国大学校园里，帅哥都用这样的话打动美眉：“Consider the darkness of outer space（想想外层空间的黑暗吧……）。”这句话足以证明掌握一定的天文学知识是何等重要！在TOEFL文章中，天文学文章占据了相当的比重，而且被认为是较难的文章（尽管实际上并非如此）。所有复杂深奥的天文学理论，比如大爆炸（big bang）、黑洞理论（black whole）都不会在TOEFL文章中出现，因为宇宙的起源和终结并不是ETS关注的主题。TOEFL文章讲述的只是一些基本的天文学（astronomy）现象，或者某一类天体（celestial body/heavenly body）。这些文章从宇宙（cosmos/universe）这一大概念出发，讲到其中有无数星系（galaxy），星系中有无数颗恒星（star，偶尔也用小写的sun），围绕恒星轨道（orbit）运行的是行星（planet），围绕行星运行的是卫星（satellite），围绕卫星（如月亮）运行的是人造卫星（man-made satellite），另外还有一些不规则的天体，如大星云（nebulae）、小星云／小行星（asteroid）、流星（meteor）等，流星落到地上被称为陨石（meteorite）。人类发射到太空的一些卫星在老化或失去联系后，就成为太空垃圾（space debris）。

celestial

[səˈlestʃəl] adj. 天上的，天体的；神圣的（astronomical, heavenly）

【记】celes（天）＋tial

【例】The book showed a map of the celestial realms.

universe

[ˈjuːnivəːs] n. 宇宙（cosmos）

universal

[ˌjuːniˈvəːsl] adj. 宇宙的

orbit

[ˈɔːbit] n. 轨道（track, path）

【例】Our planet is in orbit around the sun.

comet

[ˈkɔmit] n. 彗星

galaxy

[ˈɡæləksi] n. 星系；银河

constellation

[ˌkɔnstəˈleiʃən] n. 星座

【记】con＋stell（星星）＋ation

asteroid

[ˈæstərɔid] n. 小游星，小行星

planet

[ˈplænit] n. 行星

chondrite

[ˈkɔndrait] n. 球粒状陨石

cluster

[ˈklʌstə] n. 星团

meteor

[ˈmiːtjə] n. 流星；大气现象

【例】meteor shower 流星雨

dwarf

[dwɔːf] n. 白矮星

star

[stɑː] n. 星，恒星

stellar

[ˈstelə] adj. 恒星的

cosmos

[ˈkɔzmɔs] 宇宙

cosmic

[ˈkɔzmik] adj. 宇宙的

【例】cosmic radiation 宇宙辐射；cosmic rays 宇宙射线

cosmology

[kɔzˈmɔləʤi] n. 宇宙哲学，宇宙论

nebula

[ˈnebjulə] n. 星云，云翳

quasar

[ˈkweisɑː] n. 恒星状球体，类星体

space

[speis] n. 空间

planeroid

[ˈplænərɔid] n. 位面

intergalactic

[ˌintəɡəˈlæktik] adj. 银河间的

interplanetary

[ˌintə(ː)ˈplænitəri] adj. 行星间的，太阳系内的

interstellar

[ˈintə(ː)ˈstelə] adj. 星际的

corona

[kəˈrəunə] n. 日冕

chromosphere

[ˈkrəuməsfiə] n. 色球

solar

[ˈsəulə] adj. 太阳的

【例】solar system 太阳系；solar corona 日冕；solar eclipse 日食；solar radiation 太阳辐射

photosphere

[ˈfəutəusfiə] n. 光球

pseudoscience

[(p)sjuːdəuˈsaiəns] n. 假科学，伪科学

astronomy

[əsˈtrɔnəmi] n. 天文学

【记】astro（星星）＋nomy（学科）→研究星星的学科

astronomical

[æstrəˈnɔmik(ə)l] adj. 天文学的；庞大无法估计的 n. 天文

【例】astronomical observatory 天文台

astrology

[əˈstrɔləʤi] n. 占星术，占星学（以观测天象来预卜人间事务的一种方术）

astrophysics

[æstrəuˈfiziks] n. 天体物理学

Jupiter

[ˈʤuːpitə] n. 木星

lunar

[ˈluːnə] adj. 月的，月亮的

Mars

[mɑːz] n. 火星；战神

mercury

[ˈməːkjuri] n. 水银，汞

Earth

[əːθ] n. 地球

Uranus

[ˈjuːərənəs] n. 天王星

Venus

[ˈviːnəs] n. 金星

Pluto

[ˈpluːtəu] n. 冥王星；阴间之神

Neptune

[ˈneptjuːn] n. 海王星

Saturn

[ˈsætə(ː)n] n. 土星

emission

[iˈmiʃən] n. （光、热等的）散发，发射，喷射

infinite

[ˈinfinit] adj. 无穷的，无限的，无数的，极大的

interferometer

[ˌintəfiəˈrɔmitə] n. 干涉仪

radiation

[ˌreidiˈeiʃən] n. 发散，辐射；放射物

revolve

[riˈvɔlv] v. （使）旋转

【例】Their troubles revolve around money management.

land

[lænd] vt. 着陆，降落

【例】The plane finally landed itself safely on the ground.

spaceship

[ˈspeisʃip] n. 太空船（space shuttle）

spacecraft

[ˈspeiskrɑːft] n. 太空船

telescope

[ˈteliskəup] n. 望远镜

Word List 19

物　理

compatible

[kəmˈpætəbl] adj. 兼容的（harmonious, congruous）

【例】Is this software compatible with my computer?

boundary

[ˈbaundəri] n. 边界（border, limit）

【例】A fence marked the boundary of the woods.

boundless

[ˈbaundlis] adj. 无限的（vast, limitless）

endless

[ˈendlis] adj. 无止境的（everlasting）

【例】The long and boring drive seemed endless.

cohesive

[kəuˈhiːsiv] adj. 有凝聚力的

horizontal

[ˌhɔriˈzɔntl] adj. 水平的

bulk

[bʌlk] n. 容积

【例】The bulk of this oil tank is about 500 tons.

brim

[brim] n. （杯、碗的）边（margin, edge, rim）

【例】A bird perched on the brim of the flowerpot.

edge

[eʤ] n. 边（rim, margin）

【例】John is at the edge of death.

rim

[rim] n. 边缘（edge, border）

【例】The horse finally came to a halt on the very rim of the cliff.

brink

[briŋk] n. 边缘（margin, edge, rim）

【例】A fence was built along the brink of the cliff to prevent accidents.

constituent

[kənˈstitjuənt] n. 成分（component）

dimension

[diˈmenʃən] n. 尺度；（数）维（size, proportion）

【例】He drew a house in three-dimension.

elasticity

[ˌelæsˈtisiti] n. 弹性

cohesion

[kəuˈhiːʒən] n. 附着（力），结合，凝聚力

【例】Since Bob's paper had no cohesion and merely listed facts, he received a failing grade.

mechanics

[miˈkæniks] n. 力学

pressure

[ˈpreʃə] n. 压力

【记】press（压）＋ure

【例】He feels the pressure soon after he takes up the job.

gravity

[ˈɡræviti] n. 引力

【记】grav（重）＋ity

impetus

[ˈimpitəs] n. 推动力（urge, momentum）

【记】im（进入）＋pet（追求）＋us→追求力→推动力

【例】His longing for another kind of life is a major impetus for his hard working.

release

[riˈliːs] n./vt. 释放（give off, discharge, dismiss, emit）

【例】Thousands of balloons were released at the opening ceremony.

decelerate

[diːˈseləreit] v. （使）减速（decrease the speed of）

【记】反义词accelerate（加速）

【例】Many countries are seeking measures to decelerate the arms build up.

precipitate

[priˈsipiteit] v. 向下投掷

【记】pre（提前）＋cipit（落下）＋ate→降下

【例】The finest bridge of the city broke and precipitated five travelers into the river below.

expedite

[ˈekspidait] vt. 加速（speed up, hasten）

【记】ex＋ped（脚）＋ite→脚跨出去→加速

【例】The person I talked to on the phone promised to expedite the shipment of the book I ordered.

quiver

[ˈkwivə] vt. 振动，颤抖（shiver, tremble）

【例】The dog quivered in the rain.

jar

[ʤɑː] vt. 震动

【例】Her announcement really jarred me. I was shocked!

vibration

[vaiˈbreiʃən] n. 震动

discharge

[disˈtʃɑːʤ] v. 释放（let out, release, liberate）

【例】The patient was discharged from the hospital after complete recovery.

shrink

[ʃriŋk] vi. 收缩（contract, compress, dwindle）

【例】Because my shirt had shrunk, I gave it to my younger cousin.

diffuse

[diˈfjuːz] vt. 传播，扩散（scatter, spread）

【记】di（分开）＋fuse（流）→分流→散播

【例】The winds diffused the smoke throughout the neighborhood.

emit

[iˈmit] vt. 发出，放射（discharge, give off）

【例】All the cars that emit poisonous gas have been called back.

transpire

[trænˈspaiə] vt. 发散；排出（exhale, send out）

【例】It was transpired that the king was already dead.

constitute

[ˈkɔnstitjuːt] vt. 构成，组成（form, compose, make up）

【例】Not telling the whole truth constitutes lying.

eject

[iˈʤekt] vt. 喷出；逐出（emit, ejaculate）

【记】e（出）＋ject（扔）→扔出→喷出

【例】The machine ejected finished parts faster than we could count them.

radiate

[ˈreidieit] vt. 射出（emit, give off）

【例】Heat radiated from the stove.

molecule

[ˈmɔlikjuːl] n. 分子

【记】mole（“摩尔”）＋cule（“小”的后缀）

ion

[ˈaiən] n. 离子

electron

[iˈlektrɔn] n. 电子

neutron

[ˈnjuːtrɔn] n. 中子

nucleus

[ˈnjuːkliəs] n. 核子

proton

[ˈprəutɔn] n. 质子

atom

[ˈætəm] n. 原子

【例】An atom is made up of protons, neutrons and one or more electrons.

nuclear

[ˈnjuːkliə] adj. 原子的

physics

[ˈfiziks] n. 物理学

fusion

[ˈfjuːʒən] n. 熔合

thermometer

[θəˈmɔmitə] n. 温度计

【记】thermo（热）＋meter

temperature

[ˈtempəritʃə] n. 温度

thaw

[θɔː] v. （使）溶化，（使）融解（melt, defrost）

【例】Last week it was so warm that the frozen pond thawed.

centigrade

[ˈsentiɡreid] adj. 摄氏的

【记】centi（百）＋grade（级，度）

【例】Centigrade scale is used in most countries except the United States.

clot

[klɔt] n./v. （使）凝块（gelatinize, congeal）

【例】Blood had begun to clot around the gaping wound.

sublimate

[ˈsʌblimeit] vt. 使升华（elevate, refine）

【记】sublime（崇高的）＋ate

【例】Water are sublimated from the gaseous to the solid state without becoming a liquid.

distillation

[ˌdistiˈleiʃən] n. 蒸馏

【记】de＋still（水滴）＋ation

【例】Distillation is used to produce very pure water.

chaos

[ˈkeiɔs] n. 混乱（disorder）

【例】Chaos broke out when the fire alarm went off.

clutter

[ˈklʌtə] n. 混乱 vt. 使混乱（litter, disarray）

【例】My office is filled with useless clutter.

equilibrium

[ˌiːkwiˈlibriəm] n. 平衡状态（balance）

【例】The gymnast has perfect equilibrium.

density

[ˈdensiti] n. 密度

【例】The population density is very high in Hong Kong.

liquid

[ˈlikwid] n. 液体

【例】The three phases of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

dilute

[daiˈljuːt] vt. 稀释；冲淡（thin, weaken）

【记】di（分开）＋lute（冲）→冲开→冲淡

【例】As the ice melted, it diluted my drink.

dehydrate

[diːˈhaidreit] vt. （使）脱水（dry）

【记】de（去除）＋hydrate（水合物）

【例】Her body had dehydrated dangerously with the heat.

declivity

[diˈkliviti] n. 下倾的斜面

【记】de＋cliv（倾斜）＋ity

foam

[fəum] n. 泡沫（bubble, froth）

ventilation

[ˌventiˈleiʃən] n. 通风（airing, air circulation）

evaporate

[iˈvæpəreit] v. 蒸发（vaporize）

【记】e＋vapor（蒸汽）＋ate

【例】The rubbing alcohol evaporated as soon as the nurse dabbed it on the patient's arm.

evaporation

[iˌvæpəˈreiʃən] n. 蒸发（作用）

thermodynamics

[ˈθəːməudaiˈnæmiks] n. 热力学

friction

[ˈfrikʃən] n. 摩擦

【例】The wheel has been expired due to friction.

attrition

[əˈtriʃən] n. 磨损（wear and tear）

chafe

[tʃeif] vt. 擦热（rub, scrape）

【例】Coarse fabric will chafe your skin.

resonance

[ˈrezənəns] n. 回声，反响

【记】re（反复）＋son（声音）＋ance→回声

【例】The opera singer's voice has very good resonance.

echo

[ˈekəu] n. 回声，回音，回波

ultrasonics

[ˈʌltrəˈsɔniks] n. 超音波学

sonar

[ˈsəunɑː] n. 声纳，声波定位仪

acoustic

[əˈkuːstik] adj. 音响的

band

[bænd] n. 波段（stripe）

charge

[tʃɑːʤ] n. 电荷 v. 充电（fill, replenish）

electricity

[ilekˈtrisiti] n. 电流，电，电学

【例】static electricity n. 静电

electromagnet

[ilektrəuˈmæɡnit] n. 电磁石

electromagnetism

[ilektrəuˈmæɡnitiz(ə)m] n. 电磁，电磁学

electronic

[ilekˈtrɔnik] adj. 电子的

【例】electronic component 电子元件

electronics

[ilekˈtrɔniks] n. 电子学

amplifier

[ˈæmpliˌfaiə] n. ［电工］扩音器，放大器

battery

[ˈbætəri] n. 电池

【例】dry battery 干电池

chip

[tʃip] n. 芯片

conductor

[kənˈdʌktə] n. 导体

insulator

[ˈinsjuleitə] n. 绝缘体，绝热器

magnet

[ˈmæɡnit] n. 磁体，磁铁

magnetism

[ˈmæɡnitizəm] n. 磁，磁力，吸引力，磁学

semiconductor

[ˈsemikənˈdʌktə] n. 半导体

transistor

[trænˈzistə] n. 晶体管

ultraviolet

[ˈʌltrəˈvaiəlit] adj. 紫外线的，紫外的 n. 紫外线辐射

microwave

[ˈmaikrəuweiv] n. 微波（波长为1毫米至30厘米的高频电磁波）

mechanics

[miˈkæniks] n. （用作单数）机械学、力学；（用作复数）技巧，结构

gravitation

[ˌɡræviˈteiʃən] n. 地心吸力，引力作用

oscillation

[ˌɔsiˈleiʃən] n. 摆动，振动

statics

[ˈstætiks] n. 静力学

relativity

[ˌreləˈtiviti] n. 相对性，相关性，相对论

velocity

[viˈlɔsiti] n. 速度，速率

dynamics

[daiˈnæmiks] n. 动力学

force

[fɔːs] n. 力

current

[ˈkʌrənt] n. （液体、气体的）流

【例】direct current 直流电；alternating current 交流电

accelerate

[ækˈseləreit] vt. 加速 vi. 增速，进行（expedite, speed）

【记】ac＋celer（速度）＋ate→加速

【例】The car accelerated as it went downhill.

acceleration

[ækˈseləˈreiʃən] n. 加速度

transparent

[trænsˈpærənt] adj. 透明的（clear, limpid）

【例】The sunset shined through the transparent glass.

opaque

[əuˈpeik] n. 不透明物 adj. 不透明的，不传热的

translucent

[trænzˈljuːsnt] adj. 半透明，透明的

optical

[ˈɔptikəl] adj. 眼的，视力的，光学的

【例】optical fiber 光纤

optics

[ˈɔptiks] n. 光学

ray

[rei] n. 光线

【例】Gamma rays 伽马射线；infrared rays 红外线；X rays X射线

spectrum

[ˈspektrəm] n. 光，光谱，型谱，频谱

wavelength

[ˈweivleŋθ] n. 波长

magnifier

[ˈmæɡnifaiə] n. 放大镜，放大器

lens

[lenz] n. 透镜，镜头

Man cannot discover new oceans unless he has courage to lose sight of the shore.

—Gide

人只有鼓起勇气，告别海岸，才能发现新的海洋。

——纪德

Word List 20

医　学

医学的起源更是不堪回首，原本是一些炼丹术士（alchemist）为了获得长生不老的灵药（elixir）逐渐积累了医学知识，当年他们连“萃取”这种试验都做过，当然，现代科学已经证明他们当年用以炼丹的物质（matter）是铅（lead）的某种化合物，是有毒的（poisonous），会引起铅中毒（lead poisoning）。基于此，炼丹术（alchemy）也成了伪科学（pseudo-science）的代名词。

早期医学发展缓慢的原因：

Ⅰ、本身特性，系统性差（not systematic）；

Ⅱ、炼丹术（alchemy）发展的秘传性（esoteric nature），限制了早期医学知识的传播。

contagious

[kənˈteiʤəs] adj. 传染的（catching, infectious）

【记】con＋tag（接触）＋ious

【例】Cancer is not contagious, so you shouldn't be afraid to touch someone with cancer.

catching

[ˈkætʃiŋ] adj. 传染的（contagious, infectious）；迷人的

【记】catch（抓）＋ing→心被抓住→迷人的

【例】Mary is quite catching on campus.

infect

[inˈfekt] vt. 传染，感染（spread, affect）

【记】in（进入）＋fect（做）→做进去→传染进去

【例】The new disease will be sure to infect the population.

infectious

[inˈfekʃəs] adj. 传染的，感染性的（contagious）

【记】infect（传染）＋ious

contract

[ˈkɔntrækt] vt. 感染（infect）

【例】She contracted a serious illness.

acute

[əˈkjuːt] adj. 急性的

【例】Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS) is taking it toll on China's tour industry.

feverish

[ˈfiːvəriʃ] adj. 发烧的

【记】fever（发烧）＋ish

【例】Your forehead feels very hot. Are you feverish?

invalid

[ˈinvælid] adj. 有病的

morbid

[ˈmɔːbid] adj. 病态的，不健康的（sick, diseased）

【记】morb（病）＋id→疾病的

【例】The patient has a morbid imagination that made his illness worse.

numb

[nʌm] adj. 麻木的（senseless, dead）

unconscious

[ʌnˈkɔnʃəs] adj. 失去知觉的；不察觉的

fragile

[ˈfræʤail] adj. 体质弱的

【记】frag（碎）＋ile→易碎的

【例】He's feeling a bit fragile after last night's party.

susceptible

[səˈseptəbl] adj. 易受感染的（vulnerable, exposed）

【记】sus（下面）＋cept（接受）＋ible→接受的→受感染的

【例】Infants and the elderly are more susceptible to illness than other people.

malady

[ˈmælədi] n. 疾病

【记】mal（坏）＋ady→坏的东西→疾病

corpse

[kɔːps] n. 尸体

【例】The mortician dressed and made up the corpse.

gash

[ɡæʃ] n. 深的切口

【记】比较gush（喷涌而出）

【例】The doctor stitched up the gash on Anne's arm.

symptom

[ˈsimptəm] n. 症状，征候，征兆（sign, indication）

【例】One symptom of the disease is a high fever.

fracture

[ˈfræktʃə] n./v. 骨折（crack）

【记】fract（碎裂）＋ure→断的状态→骨折

bleed

[bliːd] v. 流血

【例】Your cut will bleed if you pick the scab.

tingle

[ˈtiŋɡl] vi. 刺痛

【例】The uncertainty of national events made his blood tingle.

recur

[riˈkəː] vi. 复发，重来（repeat, return）

【例】Really scared by SARS the world is frightened at the news that it is recurring this spring.

relapse

[riˈlæps] vi. 复发；回复（recur）

【记】re（重新）＋lapse（错误）→再犯错误→复发

【例】Her disease relapsed once she returned to her home.

bruise

[bruːz] vt. 打伤 n. 瘀伤

【例】Mary got a bruise where she bumped against the table.

fester

[ˈfestə] vt. 使化脓（decay）

【例】It's lucky that the wound did not fester.

intoxicate

[inˈtɔksikeit] vt. 使中毒

【记】in（进入）＋toxic（毒）＋ate→进入毒→使中毒

【例】He was intoxicated by many awards he received and ceased his step to ward the peak of his career.

survive

[səˈvaiv] vt. 幸免于… vi. 活下来（outlive, remain）

【例】Those who survived rebuilt the city.

diagnose

[ˈdaiəɡnəuz] vt. 诊断，分析（analyze）

【例】A pathologist diagnosed the fatal virus.

diagnosis

[ˌdaiəɡˈnəusis] n. 诊断

【记】dia（穿过）＋gnos（知道）＋is→穿过（身体）知道→诊断

inject

[inˈʤekt] vt. 注射；注入（infuse）

【记】in（进）＋ject（扔）→扔进去→注射

【例】The dog fell on the ground after being injected.

heal

[hiːl] v. 治愈，（使）和解 n. 痊愈（cure, recover）

【例】The wound soon healed under the care of the nurse.

remedy

[ˈremidi] n. 治疗法，药物 vt. 治疗（cure, rectify）

【例】The doctor tried all means to remedy the beloved man.

treatment

[ˈtriːtmənt] n. 治疗

prescription

[prisˈkripʃən] n. 药方

dissect

[daiˈsekt] vt. 解剖

【记】dis＋sect（部分）→去除部分→解剖

【例】Bill dissected a small shark in anatomy class.

sterile

[ˈsterail] adj. 消过毒的（sanitary）

clinic

[ˈklinik] n. 门诊所

anatomy

[əˈnætəmi] n. 剖析；解剖学

healthful

[ˈhelθful] adj. 有益健康的（wholesome）

condition

[kənˈdiʃən] n. 健康情形（circumstance）

【例】My shoes are in bad condition and need to be replaced.

hygiene

[ˈhaiʤiːn] n. 卫生（sanitation）

【例】The dentist instructed his patients on dental hygiene.

sanitation

[sæniˈteiʃən] n. 卫生；卫生设施

physical

[ˈfizikəl] adj. 身体的；物质的

sustenance

[ˈsʌstənəns] n. 营养物

【例】For sustenance, the vegetarian ate fruits, nuts, and vegetables.

malnourished

[mælˈnʌriʃt] adj. 营养失调的，营养不良的

nutrition

[njuːˈtriʃən] n. 营养；营养学

mental

[ˈmentl] adj. 精神的，智力的

spiritual

[ˈspiritjuəl] adj. 心灵的

subject

[ˈsʌbʤikt] n. 试验对象

Word List 21

艺　术

picturesque

[ˌpiktʃəˈresk] adj. 如画般的，生动的（vivid）

【记】picture（图画）＋sque

【例】City dwellers would sometimes long for a picturesque and serene rural life.

vivid

[ˈvivid] adj. 生动的（lively, active）

【例】David's vivid description seems to bring the students to the real battle field.

sculpture

[ˈskʌlptʃə] n. 雕塑品（carving, engraving）

【例】Sculpture is the art of shaping solid materials.

statue

[ˈstætju] n. 雕像

draw

[drɔː] v. 画

gallery

[ˈɡæləri] n. 画廊

portrait

[ˈpɔːtrit] n. 肖像，画像；描写

impressionism

[imˈpreʃənizm] n. 印象派

portray

[pɔːˈtrei] vt. 绘制（delineate, depict）

【例】His work portrays the beautiful view of his hometown.

mold

[məuld] vt. 塑造（shape）

【例】The sculptor molded the clay into a flowerpot.

embroider

[imˈbrɔidə] vt. 绣花

【记】em＋broider（刺绣）

【例】Susan embroidered the edges of all her pillowcases.

tragedy

[ˈtræʤidi] n. 悲剧

opera

[ˈɔpərə] n. 歌剧

【记】通过创作（operate）而来

enact

[iˈnækt] vt. 扮演（impersonate）

【记】en＋act（扮演）

【例】Children like to enact the part of the parent.

pose

[pəuz] vt. 构成；（使）摆好姿势（frame, constitute）

【例】The forced marriage from his parents posed a big distress in his entire life.

rehearse

[riˈhəːs] vt. 预演，排练（prepare, try out）

【例】Rehearse yourself before you take a real test.

prelude

[ˈpreljuːd] n. 序幕（preface）

【记】pre（先）＋lude（玩，演奏）→先演奏→序曲

character

[ˈkæriktə] n. 角色

【例】That actress plays my favorite character on a television show.

role

[rəul] n. 角色（part）

design

[diˈzain] n. 设计，图案 v. 设计（pattern）

【记】de＋sign（标出）→设计

【例】Everyone agreed that Jane had made a great design for the building.

profile

[ˈprəufail] n. 外形，轮廓（outline, contour, sketch）

【记】pro（前）＋file（线条）→前面的线条→轮廓

renaissance

[ˈrenəzɑːns] n. 文艺复兴

【记】re（重新）＋naiss（出生）＋ance→新生

conjure

[ˈkʌnʤə] vt. 用魔术做成（或变出）

【例】I don't know how I'll conjure up the money, but I'll pay rent tomorrow.

aesthetic

[iːsˈθetik] adj. 审美的，美学的（artistic）

【记】a＋esthe（感觉）＋tic→对美有感觉的→美学的

【例】I added an aesthetic touch to the living room with silk flowers.

romantic

[rəˈmæntik] adj. 传奇式的，浪漫的

The horizon of life is broadened chiefly by the enlargement of the heart.

—Black

生活的地平线是随着心灵的开阔而变得宽广的。

——布莱克

Word List 22

音　乐

euphonious

[juːˈfəunjəs] adj. 悦耳的（sweet）

【记】eu（好）＋phon（声音）＋ious→悦耳的

【例】Her praise is surely a euphonious song to me.

harsh

[hɑːʃ] adj. 刺耳的（hoarse, unpleasant）

【例】The harsh words by Tom annoyed Mike.

jazz

[ʤæz] n. 爵士乐

movement

[ˈmuːvmənt] n. 乐章

note

[nəut] n. 音符

score

[skɔː, skɔə] n. 乐谱

instrument

[ˈinstrumənt] n. 乐器

【例】Flute, piano and violin are all musical instruments.

lyric

[ˈlirik] n. 抒情诗

conservatory

[kənˈsəːvətəri] n. 音乐学校

【例】Twenty students were accepted to the music conservatory this year.

episode

[ˈepisəud] n. 插曲（interlude）

【例】The long lecture I got from my boss was one episode that I did not want to undergo a second time.

orchestra

[ˈɔːkistrə] n. 管弦乐队（band, ensemble）

chorus

[ˈkɔːrəs] n. 合唱团（choir, ensemble）

【例】A chorus accompanied the orchestra.

concert

[ˈkɔnsət] n. 音乐会

【例】The pianist will give a concert at the high school.

band

[bænd] n. 乐队

record

[ˈrekɔːd] n. 档案，唱片

【例】The famous singer is expecting to release his second record.

record

[riˈkɔːd] v. 记录，录音（register）

【例】The book recorded Diana's life honestly.

percussion

[pəˈkʌʃn] n. 打击乐器；震荡

【记】per（全部）＋cuss（震动）＋ion→震荡

string

[striŋ] n. 弦乐

wind

[waind] n. 管乐

Word List 23

语言学

implicit

[imˈplisit] adj. 含蓄的

【记】im（进入）＋plic（重叠）＋it→重叠状态→含蓄的

concise

[kənˈsais] adj. 简明的（succinct, terse）

【记】con＋cise（切）→切掉多余的→简明的

【例】The winner of the award gave a short and concise acceptance speech.

succinct

[səkˈsiŋkt] adj. 简明的，简洁的（terse, concise）

fluent

[ˈfluːənt] adj. 流利的，流畅的（fluid, smooth）

【记】flu（流动）＋ent→流利的

【例】Before you go travelling in America, make sure you speak fluent spoken English.

cogent

[ˈkəuʤənt] adj. 强有力的；有说服力的（convincing; compelling）

【例】The defense attorney's cogent argument was persuasive.

persuasive

[pəˈsweisiv] adj. 有说服力的

【记】动词persuade（说服）

【例】The persuasive saleswoman sold me a used car.

character

[ˈkæriktə] n. 文字

【例】I wish this book was written in bigger characters.

glossary

[ˈɡlɔsəri] n. 词汇表

【记】gloss（舌头，语言）＋ary→词汇表

dialect

[ˈdaiəlekt] n. 方言，土语（vernacular, jargon）

【记】dia＋lect（说）→方言

【例】John's Southern dialect is hard for me to understand.

clause

[klɔːz] n. 分句

【例】The sentence had too many clauses in it.

linguistics

[liŋˈɡwistiks] n. 语言学

【记】lingu（语言）＋istics（学科后缀）→语言学

phonetics

[fəuˈnetiks] n. 语音学

【记】phone（声音）＋tics→语音学

tense

[tens] n. 时态

version

[ˈvəːʒən] n. 说法；版本（description, account）

genre

[ˈʒɑːŋr] n. 体裁；风格（style; manner）

【记】通常指文学等类型

【例】His six String Quartets is the most important works in the genre since Beethoven's.

tag

[ˈtæɡ] n. 附加语；标签（label, tab）

slogan

[ˈsləuɡən] n. 口号；标语（motto）

【例】Each candidate needs a clever slogan to attract the attention of the voters.

lyric

[ˈlirik] n. 歌词

verse

[vəːs] n. 诗，韵文

fiction

[ˈfikʃən] n. 小说

【记】fict（做）＋ion→做出的故事→小说

byword

[ˈbaiwəːd] n. 谚语（adage）

fable

[ˈfeibl] n. 寓言，传说（allegory）

【例】Many fables were first told by an old Greek story-teller named Aesop.

term

[təːm] n. 术语（expression）

【例】Knowing more technical terms gives a translator more advantages.

maxim

[ˈmæksim] n. 格言；箴言（proverb, motto）

【记】比较maximum（最大值）；minimum（最小值）

satire

[ˈsætaiə] n. 讽刺文学

【例】The political satire was censored by the government.

farce

[fɑːs] n. 闹剧

adage

[ˈædiʤ] n. 格言，谚语（proverb）

【例】Isn't there an old adage that a stitch in time saves nine?

synopsis

[siˈnɔːpsis] n. 大纲，梗概（outline, summary）

【例】The history professor gave a synopsis of the events leading to World War Ⅰ.

compile

[kəmˈpail] vt. 收集；编纂（collect, put together）

【记】com＋pile（堆）→有序地堆→编

【例】The scientists compiled a great amount of data to help develop their theory.

entitle

[inˈtaitl] vt. 题目为

【例】My favorite poem is entitled "Summer Rain".

emend

[iˈmend] vt. 修订（amend, improve）

【记】e＋mend（修补）→修订

【例】John had spent a whole day emending a faulty text.

paraphrase

[ˈpærəfreiz] vt. 意译；改写（rewrite）

【记】pars（旁边）＋phrase（词句）→在旁边用不同的词写→改写

【例】Would you please paraphrase the speech in colloquial English?

adapt

[əˈdæpt] v. 改编（revise, amend）

adaptable

[əˈdæptəbl] adj. 可修改的（flexible, pliant）

adaptation

[ˌædæpˈteiʃən] n. 改写；修改

【例】The movie was an adaptation of a classic novel.

excerpt

[ˈeksəːpt] n. 摘录（selection, extract）

【例】The actor auditioned by performing an excerpt from the play.

abstract

[æbˈstrækt] vt. 摘要，提炼

【记】abs＋tract（拉）→从原文中拉出来→摘要

abstraction

[æbˈstrækʃən] n. 摘要

【例】By looking at what happened in many similar cases, we were able to create an abstraction that also covered other instances.

abridge

[əˈbriʤ] vt. 缩短，删节（shorten, condense, abbreviate）

【记】a＋bridge→桥使路程变短→弄短→删节

【例】The rights of citizens must not be abridged.

coin

[kɔin] vt. 创造（create, fashion, invent）

【例】The advertising company coined a new word to name the new product.

It never will rain roses. When we want to have more roses we must plant trees.

—G.Eliot

天上永远不会掉下玫瑰来，如果想要更多的玫瑰，必须自己种植。

——艾略特

Word List 24

政　治

factious

[ˈfækʃəs] adj. 党派的（tribal）

【记】faction（党派）的形容词

partisan

[ˈpɑːtizæn] adj. 党派的，派系感强的

【例】Her partisan speech angered the opposing party.

board

[bɔːd] n. 委员会

Senate

[ˈsenit] n. 参议院，上院

Congress

[ˈkɔŋɡres] n. （代表）大会；（美国等国的）国会，议会

diplomatic

[ˌdipləˈmætik] adj. 外交的；有策略的（tactful）

【例】She is always diplomatic when she deals with angry students.

diplomacy

[diˈpləuməsi] n. 外交；策略（tact）

【例】The clerk spoke with diplomacy to the angry customer.

confederate

[kənˈfedərit] n. 同盟（partner, company）

【例】The gangster and his confederates were arrested.

league

[liːɡ] n. 同盟，联盟；联合会

affiliate

[əˈfilieit] v. 加盟，入会（associate, ally）

【例】She affiliates herself with a new law firm.

unconventional

[ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənl] adj. 自由的

dictatorial

[ˌdiktəˈtɔːriəl] adj. 独裁的，专断的（tyrannical）

【记】dictat（说，命令）＋orial→独裁的

domestic

[dəˈmestik] adj. 国内的；家庭的

【例】The police called the fight between the husband and wife a domestic matter.

potent

[ˈpəutənt] adj. 强有力的；有全权的（cogent, powerful）

【记】poten（力量）＋t→强有力的

【例】His potent speech impressed all the people present.

authoritative

[ɔːˈθɔriteitiv] adj. 权威性的，官方的

【例】Make sure you ask an authoritative source for directions.

influential

[ˌinfluˈenʃəl] adj. 有影响的；有权势的（powerful）

centralized

[ˈsentrəlaizd] adj. 集中的，中央集权的

authority

[ɔːˈθɔriti] n. 权威

【例】The teacher gave her assistant the authority to grade papers.

privilege

[ˈpriviliʤ] n. 特权（prerogative）

【记】privi（个人）＋lege（法律）→个人的法律→特权

democracy

[diˈmɔkrəsi] n. 民主

【记】demo（人民）＋cracy（统治）→人民统治的→民主

【例】People must participate in their government if a democracy is to work.

petition

[pəˈtiʃən] n. 请愿 vt. 向…请愿

【记】pet（寻求）＋ition→请愿

domain

[dəuˈmein] n. 领土，领域（field, region）

territory

[ˈteritəri] n. 领土，版图，地域

nationality

[ˌnæʃəˈnæliti] n. 国籍

【记】nation（国家）＋ality→国籍

kingdom

[ˈkiŋdəm] n. 王国（realm）

【记】king（国王）＋dom（地域）→国王统治的地域→王国

realm

[relm] n. 王国；领域（field, domain）

regimen

[ˈreʤimen] n. 政权

【记】regi（统治）＋men（人）→政权

sovereignty

[ˈsɔvrənti] n. 主权

autonomy

[ɔːˈtɔnəmi] n. 自治权（independence）

【记】auto（自己）＋nomy（统治）→自己统治→自治权

【例】The nation's autonomy was compromised by the treaty.

commission

[kəˈmiʃən] n. 委员会

【例】The president appointed a commission to study poverty.

committee

[kəˈmiti] n. 委员会，委员

【例】The committee planned the club's budget for next year.

election

[iˈlekʃən] n. 选举

【记】elect（选择）＋ion→选举

【例】How many people voted in the last election?

ballot

[ˈbælət] n. 选票（vote, poll）

ideology

[aidiˈɔləʤi] n. 意识形态

【记】ideo（意识）＋ology（学科）→意识形态

parade

[pəˈreid] n. 游行（procession, march）

govern

[ˈɡʌvən] v. 决定；支配；控制（determine; control）

【例】The evil dictator governed unfairly.

confer

[kənˈfəː] v. 协商

【记】con（共同）＋fer→共同带来观点→协商

【例】I conferred with my friends about what we should eat for dinner.

entitle

[inˈtaitl] vt. 给…权利

【例】Every citizen is entitled to equal protection under the law.

exploit

[ˈeksplɔit] vt. 剥削；开发（explore）

【记】ex＋ploit（重叠）→从重叠中拿出→开发

【例】The company exploited the workers by falsely promising them pay raises.

maneuver

[məˈnuːvə] vt. 调遣 n. 策略（move, step, tactic）

【记】man（手）＋euver（劳动）→用手劳动→操纵

【例】At the last moment, the basketball player made a clever maneuver that allowed a goal to be made.

reform

[riˈfɔːm] vt./n. 改革，革新（regenerate）

【记】re（再次）＋form（形状）→再改形→改革

【例】The reform and open policy has brought us Chinese people a rich and colourful life.

inspect

[inˈspekt] vt. 检查（examine, survey）；视察

【记】in（内）＋spect（看）→看里面→检查

【例】The general inspected the troops.

emigrate

[ˈemiɡreit] v. 移民

【记】e（出）＋migr（移）＋ate→移出→移民

【例】Mary emigrated from Germany to France during World War Ⅰ.

immigrate

[ˈimiɡreit] vt. 移居入境

【记】im（进）＋migr（移）＋ate→移进

【例】Britain immigrated many colonists to the New World.

exile

[ˈekzail] vt. 流放（banish, deport） n. 放逐

【例】The king was exiled when his expire was taken over.

enslave

[inˈsleiv] vt. 奴役

【记】en＋slave（奴隶）→奴役

【例】The addict was enslaved by drugs.

hustle

[ˈhʌsl] vt. 驱赶（hurry, hasten）

【例】To make more money, the restaurant owner hustled customers in and out quickly.

impel

[imˈpel] vt. 驱使（compel, urge）

【记】im（进入）＋pel（推动）→驱使

【例】He was impelled by a strong passion to save the diseased boy.

oust

[aust] vt. 驱逐（dismiss, throw out）

【例】He was ousted from his position as chairman.

banish

[ˈbæniʃ] vt. 驱逐出境（exile, expel）

【例】The naughty child was banished to his room until dinner.

deport

[diˈpɔːt] vt. 驱逐出境，放逐

enable

[iˈneibl] vt. 使能够（make possible, allow, help）

【例】An unexpected inheritance enabled me to buy a house.

reign

[rein] vt. 统治（govern, rule）

【例】The old king has been reigning the nation for 30 years.

dominate

[ˈdɔmineit] vt. 统治，支配，控制（control）

【记】domin（统治）＋ate→统治

【例】The older brother dominated his younger siblings.

abdicate

[ˈæbdikeit] vt. 放弃权力（abandon）

【记】ab＋dic（说话，命令）＋ate→不再命令→放弃权力

【例】King Edward abdicated in 1936.

administer

[ədˈministə] vt. 管理（govern, supervise）

【记】ad＋minister（部长）→做部长→管理

【例】The personnel director administers the attendance policy.

administration

[ədˌminisˈtreiʃən] n. 行政（management）

【记】administer（执行）＋ation

【例】Lisa is involved in administration at the company she works for.

institute

[ˈinstitjuːt] vt. 建立（establish, set up, start）

【例】The village instituted a welfare system on their own.

amendment

[əˈmendmənt] n. 改善，改正

colonize

[ˈkɔlənaiz] vt. 拓殖，殖民

【例】Britain colonized many parts of Africa.

check

[tʃek] n./v. 检查（examine; inspect）

【例】Raising interest rate is commonly used as a tool to check inflation.

monarchy

[ˈmɔnəki] n. 君主政体，君主政治，君主国

republican

[riˈpʌblikən] adj. 共和国的，共和政体的，共和主义的，有关共和的

anarchism

[ˈænəkiz(ə)m] n. 无政府主义

doctrine

[ˈdɔktrin] n. 主义（principle）

immigrant

[ˈimiɡrənt] adj. （从外国）移来的，移民的，移居的

municipal

[mju(ː)ˈnisipəl] adj. 市政的，市立的，地方性的，地方自治的

strike

[straik] n. 罢工（work stoppage）

【例】In France, going on strike is frequently being utilised by the union in fighting for the workers' interest, which strikes the nation's economy heavily.

scandal

[ˈskændl] n. 丑闻（disgrace, defamation）

【例】The president's scandal was soon publicized and exaggerated.

vote

[vəut] n. 投票，选票

welfare

[ˈwelfɛə] n. 福利；安宁，幸福

Ideas are like the stars—we never reach them, but like mariners, we chart our course by them.

—C. Schur

理想就像是星星——我们永远无法到达，但是我们像水手一样，用它们指引航程。

——舒尔茨

Word List 25

植物学

shrub

[ʃrʌb] n. 灌木丛（bush）

laurel

[ˈlɔːrəl] n. 月桂树

prairie

[ˈprɛəri] n. 大草原，牧场，〈美方〉林间小空地

sequoia

[siˈkwɔiə] n. 美洲杉

herb

[həːb] n. 药草，香草

plant

[plɑːnt] n. 植物，庄稼

fern

[fəːn] n. 蕨类植物

orchid

[ˈɔːkid] n. 兰，兰花；淡紫色

rosette

[rəuˈzet] n. 玫瑰形饰物，圆花饰

germinate

[ˈʤəːmineit] v. 发芽（sprout）

【记】germ（幼芽）＋inate→发芽

【例】After the seeds germinated, I transplanted them to a larger pot.

sprout

[spraut] v. 萌芽，长出（bud, burgeon, germinate）

【例】The plants sprouted from the ground a week after I planted them.

timber

[ˈtimbə] n. 木材，木料（lumber, wood）

【记】比较timbre（音色）

cluster

[ˈklʌstə] n. 丛，束（bunch） v. 丛生；聚集（concentrate）

【例】A cluster of strawberries grew in the field.

bunch

[bʌntʃ] n. 串，束

bark

[bɑːk] n. 树皮

twig

[twiɡ] n. 小树枝（small branch）

【记】比较wig（假发）

【例】Some insects will mime a twig when in danger.

bough

[bau] n. 大树枝，主枝

branch

[brɑːntʃ] n. 枝，分枝

stem

[stem] n. 茎，干；词干

stalk

[stɔːk] n. 茎，柄，梗，秆

trunk

[trʌŋk] n. 干线；树干

leafstalk

[ˈliːfsˈtɔːlk] n. 叶柄

leaflet

[ˈliːflit] n. 小叶；传单

bud

[bʌd] n. 芽 v. 发芽

【例】The trees budded in early April.

flower

[ˈflauə] n. 花，开花的植物

foliage

[ˈfəuliiʤ] n. 树叶；植物

petal

[ˈpetl] n. 花瓣

cell

[sel] n. 单元；细胞

tissue

[ˈtisjuː] n. 组织

【例】The tissues of the body constitute the organ.

husk

[hʌsk] n. （果类或谷物的）外壳（通常用复数），皮

pollen

[ˈpɔlin] n. 花粉 vt. 传授花粉给…

root

[ruːt] n. 根，根部

log

[lɔɡ] n. 圆木（wood, timber）

【例】If you roll my log, I will roll yours. We help each other.

flora

[ˈflɔːrə] n. 植物界

【记】flor（花草）＋a→植物界

botany

[ˈbɔtəni] n. 植物学

【记】botan（草）＋y→植物学

【例】Mary liked plants so much that she decided to study botany at the university.

botanical

[bəˈtænik(ə)l] adj. 植物学的 n. 植物性药材

crossbreed

[ˈkrɔsbriːd] n. 杂种 v. 异种交配，培育杂种，（使）杂交

necrosis

[neˈkrəusis] n. 坏疽，骨疽

peel

[piːl] v. 剥，削，剥落

【例】Her sunburned skin began to peel.

photosynthesis

[ˌfəutəuˈsinθəsis] n. 光合作用

pollinate

[ˈpɔlineit] vt. 对…授粉

【例】Many crops require bees to pollinate them.

pollination

[pɔliˈneiʃən] n. 授粉

seeds

[siːdz] n. 雏形；种子形

shell

[ʃel] vt. 去壳；脱落

【例】The chef was shelling oysters.

shoot

[ʃuːt] vi. 发出，发芽

【例】Rose bushes shoot again after being cut back.

starch

[stɑːtʃ] n. 淀粉

vitamin

[ˈvaitəmin] n. 维他命，维生素

luxuriant

[lʌɡˈʒuəriənt] adj. 多产的

【记】luxur（丰富）＋iant→多产的

Word List 26

自　然

natural

[ˈnætʃərəl] adj. 自然的

scenic

[ˈsiːnik] adj. 风景优美的（picturesque）

scenery

[ˈsiːnəri] n. 景色

spectacle

[ˈspektəkl] n. 奇观，景象（sight, scene）

shade

[ʃeid] n. 荫

jungle

[ˈʤʌŋɡl] n. 丛林

meadow

[ˈmedəu] n. 草地，牧场

shrub

[ʃrʌb] n. 灌木，灌木丛

lawn

[lɔːn] n. 草地，草坪，草场

summit

[ˈsʌmit] n. 山顶（peak, top, apex）

【例】The climbers placed their country's flag at the mountain's summit.

gorge

[ɡɔːʤ] n. 峡谷（ravine, canyon）

【例】I stood on the edge of the cliff and threw a rock into the gorge.

puddle

[ˈpʌdl] n. 小水洼

creek

[kriːk] n. 小湾；小溪（brook）

canyon

[ˈkænjən] n. 〈美〉峡谷，溪谷

spring

[spriŋ] n. 泉水

trickle

[ˈtrikl] vi. 滴，淌 n. 滴；细流（dribble, drip）

【例】The water trickled over the edge of the basin.

crystal

[ˈkristl] adj. 清澈的 n. 水晶；结晶

【例】Salt crystals can be found in every home.

limpid

[ˈlimpid] adj. 清澈的（transparent, clear）

luxuriant

[lʌɡʒuəriənt] adj. 繁茂的（lush, abundant）

【记】luxur（丰富）＋iant→繁茂的

Have no fear of perfection—you'll never reach it.

—S.Dali

不要为十全十美担心——你永远也做不到十全十美。

——达里

Word List 27

宗　教

blessed

[blesd] adj. 受祝福的

【例】We are surely blessed because we escaped the fire.

invocation

[ˌinvəuˈkeiʃən] n. 祈祷（plea, prayer）

pious

[ˈpaiəs] adj. 虔诚的（loyal, faithful）

【例】Those pious faithfuls are not allowed to take photos of themselves.

devout

[diˈvaut] adj. 虔诚的（pious, religious）

【例】The devout worshiper attended church each week.

cult

[kʌlt] n. 崇拜（常用于修饰另一个名词）

【例】The cult leader believed he was the son of God.

consecrate

[ˈkɔnsikreit] vt. 奉为神圣；奉献（dedicate, devote）

【记】比较sacred（神圣的）

【例】The priest consecrated the water in the baptismal basin.

creed

[kriːd] n. 信仰，信条（belief, faith）

【例】The newspaper prints its creed on the front page every day.

doomed

[duːmd] adj. 命定的，注定失败的

【例】The marriage was doomed from the beginning.

destine

[ˈdestin] vt. 命运注定

【例】Lisa is destined for the presidency.

destiny

[ˈdestini] n. 命运（fate）

【例】I didn't plan for my future, instead I left it to destiny.

fatalism

[ˈfeitəlizəm] n. 宿命论

【记】fat＝fate（命运）＋alism→宿命论

sacred

[ˈseikrid] adj. 上帝的；神圣的（holy, heavenly）

【例】In maternal tribes, sacred things were kept by the elderest woman.

Christian

[ˈkristʃən] n. 基督教徒 adj. 基督教的

【例】The Christian religion in Europe and the Americas is divided into Protestant, Catholic, and a few other varieties.

doctrine

[ˈdɔktrin] n. 教义（dogma）

【例】How are the doctrines of the two churches different?

dogma

[ˈdɔɡmə] n. 教义，教条（belief, view）

【例】Tom rejected the dogma of his church and joined another.

rite

[rait] n. 宗教仪式（ritual, procedure, ceremony）

religion

[riˈliʤən] n. 宗教

deity

[ˈdiːiti] n. 神（god）

oracle

[ˈɔːrəkl] n. 神谕

【记】ora（嘴）＋cle→神的嘴巴

atheism

[ˈeiθiizəm] n. 无神论

【记】a（无）＋the（神）＋ism→无神论

【例】Anne's atheism contrasted with her friend's strong religious beliefs.

heresy

[ˈherəsi] n. 异端；邪说

【记】here（异）＋sy→异端

immerse

[iˈməːs] vt. 给…施洗礼（indulge）

【记】im（进）＋merse（沉）→沉进去→沉浸→给…施洗礼

【例】I immersed myself in the hot bath and relaxed.

invoke

[inˈvəuk] vt. 恳求，祈求（beg, pray）

【记】in＋voke（喊）→恳求

【例】I invoked their forgiveness.

enchant

[inˈtʃɑːnt] vt. 施魔法于（enthrall, fascinate）

【记】en＋chant（歌曲）→施魔曲→施魔法于

【例】The witch enchanted the handsome knight, turning him into a frog.

preach

[priːtʃ] vt. 说教，布道；鼓吹（advocate, advise）

【记】联想reach（到达）

【例】He preached tolerance and peaceful coexistence.

exodus

[ˈeksədəs] n. 大批离去

【例】The refugees made an exodus to a safe place.

Great men are rarely isolated mountain peaks; they are the summits of ranges.

—Higginson

伟人很少是突兀的山，他们是众山中的最高峰。

——希金森

连　线　题

左列单词在右列中有一个或多个同义词，请画线连接。

（一）

（二）

（三）

（四）

连线题答案

（一）

（二）

（三）

（四）

连　线　题

左列单词在右列中有一个或多个同义词，请画线连接。

（五）

（六）

（七）

（八）

连线题答案

（五）

（六）

（七）

（八）

填　空　题

请将恰当的词填入横线内。

1. Lobsters and dolphins are kinds of＿＿＿animals.

2. A＿＿＿＿is a person who has travelled widely and feels at home everywhere.

3. The thick steam in the bathroom had made the walls＿＿＿＿.

4. Earth on this world we lived is divided into seven＿＿＿＿.

5. The＿＿＿＿of the Atlantic coast of America is very irregular.

6. In Tibet, the people live at a very high＿＿＿＿.

7. They cut a＿＿＿＿from the river to bring water to the field.

8. They went a hike and over the＿＿＿＿the sun was rising

9. Clouds are＿＿＿＿of tiny drops of water in the sky.

10. It is reported by radio that the＿＿＿of yesterday accounted for five deaths.

11. Coke and Pepsi and Sprite come in an＿＿＿can.

12. The Northern＿＿＿＿is the part of the world north of the equator, and the Southern Hemisphere is south of the equator.

13. The chickens＿＿＿＿this morning.

14. The most effective agent in the＿＿＿＿of species is the pressure of other species.

15. Darwin's theory of evolution illustrates the process of natural＿＿＿＿.

16. Sharks are considered as the most ferocious＿＿＿＿in nature.

17. Most animals go into＿＿＿＿in winter.

18. An animal capable of living both on land and in water is called＿＿＿＿.

19. Tigers are＿＿＿＿; cattle are not.

20. Attendance at the meeting is＿＿＿＿.

21. He behaved badly with＿＿＿＿as he knew the teacher was weak.

22. They were in＿＿＿＿for a week for their crime.

23. They had no strong testimony that could＿＿＿＿the defendant.

24. The government has the power to gratify or change the＿＿＿＿when they feel necessary.

25. This＿＿＿＿＿dress material does not crush.

26. The liquid＿＿＿＿when somebody dropped a match in it accidentally.

27. Many different kinds of junk food have＿＿＿＿flavoring.

28. A＿＿＿＿is made up of atoms.

29. Heat＿＿＿＿the candle into a pool of wax in a few minutes.

填　空　题

30.＿＿＿＿consists of two or more substances or elements.

31. Most people, especially girls wear sunglasses to prevent ultraviolet＿＿＿＿from hurting their eyes.

32. The process of deforestation caused a severe land＿＿＿＿.

33. The Amazon＿＿＿＿＿covers more than a billion acres of South America.

34. In the past decade, many cultural relics have been threatened by＿＿＿＿.

35. Morality may be＿＿＿＿into their minds.

36. Young students are advised to read＿＿＿＿books to improve their mind.

37. In recent years,＿＿＿＿growth in China has been soared.

38. At the airport the＿＿＿＿officers searched his case.

39. It seems our little establishment has finally been deemed worthy of the bank's＿＿＿＿.

40. The rich man was asked to pay a high＿＿＿＿for his daughter who was taken away by criminals.

41. Independent accountants should＿＿＿＿the company annually to check out the questionable tax incomes.

42. According to the law, a young man should＿＿＿＿when he is 18.

43. The police＿＿＿＿the criminals.

44. We will never allow anybody to＿＿＿＿upon China's territorial integrity and sovereignty.

45. The project was＿＿＿＿with difficulties.

46. The＿＿＿＿＿is a fake.

47. The Stone Age was divided into the old Paleolithic period and the New＿＿＿＿period.

48. There is still not a clear conclusion about the＿＿＿＿＿of human being.

49. Sometimes, unarable land can be turned into＿＿＿＿land by digging new irrigation canals and wells.

50. It seems that the biggest difference between farming and animal＿＿＿＿lies in their symbols—houses and tents.

51. The＿＿＿＿＿area in this table is underestimated and must be further verified.

52. If the＿＿＿＿land of Earth runs out, food production will soon be unable to meet the need of the whole population.

53.＿＿＿＿refers to the art of cultivating fruits, vegetables, flowers etc.

54. The＿＿＿＿flung their motor boat upon the rocks.

填　空　题

55. The winter＿＿＿＿has killed several of our new young plants in the garden.

56. The science that deals with the phenomena of the weather and weather conditions is called＿＿＿.

57. The problem of＿＿＿＿delinquency presented itself for the attention from the whole society.

58. If we say someone is＿＿＿＿, we mean he can express himself in a very intelligent manner.

59. The alchemists were the＿＿＿＿of the scientists of today.

60. The people＿＿＿＿their power to the Congress.

61. We beat our＿＿＿＿＿at football.

62. Every four year, many＿＿＿＿attempt to become the president of the United States.

63. The＿＿＿＿of the hole was the mouse.

64. My friend, Crawley, has always been a＿＿＿＿supporter of the Progressive Party.

65. He's＿＿＿＿to a craftsman.

66. He was forced to leave his country and has been an＿＿＿＿for five years.

67. She is expecting a＿＿＿＿church wedding.

68. In ancient China, women had to accept the＿＿＿＿marriages.

69. The immune system can develop long-term＿＿＿＿to some diseases.

70.＿＿＿＿is a close ecological relationship between the individuals of two (or more) different species.

71. We found more children at the circus than we could＿＿＿＿.

72. The railway line runs＿＿＿＿with/to the highway.

73. There are two types of integral in＿＿＿＿, the indefinite and the definite.

74. The sun, the stars, and the moon are＿＿＿＿bodies.

75. China released the news that it would launch another spaceship as its fourth unmannned space capsule＿＿＿＿the earth.

76. A practitioner of＿＿＿＿is called an astrologer or, less often, an astrologist.

77. This alloy is formed by the＿＿＿＿of two types of metal.

78. The pool of water on the playground＿＿＿＿in the sun.

79. Some kinds of bacteria can only be visible through a powerful＿＿＿＿.

80. This pocket calculator needs two dry＿＿＿＿.

81. The force exerted by a magnetic field is known as＿＿＿＿.

填　空　题

82. The Pop is the＿＿＿＿leader of many Christians.

83. Colds are＿＿＿＿, and so are some eye diseases.

84. I got a cold and felt＿＿＿＿all night.

85. In the interests of＿＿＿＿, please do not smoke in this shop.

86. The doctor wrote me a＿＿＿＿for medicine for my cough.

87. Children in Africa are suffering from severe＿＿＿＿because of the lack of food.

88. She＿＿＿＿into unconsciousness again and was sent to the hospital.

89. My hometown is a＿＿＿＿fishing village in the bay.

90. New York city has many art＿＿＿＿among which some are world famous.

91. She plays a flute in the＿＿＿＿.

92. The church＿＿＿＿performed very well today.

93. The election was a＿＿＿＿＿, for it was fixed.

94. Phonetics, syntactics are two branches of＿＿＿＿.

95. The novel and short story are different＿＿＿＿.

96. Britain＿＿＿＿many colonists to the New World.

97. He was inclined to＿＿＿＿; he hated system and organization and uniformity.

98. China government has granted＿＿＿＿to the national minorities.

99. You are not＿＿＿＿to unemployment benfit if you have never worked.

100.＿＿＿＿leaves were used by the ancient Greeks and Romans as an emblem of victory or honor.

101. Most forms of＿＿＿＿processed by green plants release oxygen as a byproduct.

102. Seeds will not＿＿＿＿＿without water.

103.＿＿＿＿＿forests covered the hillside.

104. One can hardly forget the＿＿＿＿splendours of the Roky Mountain.

105. Temples, mosques, churches and synagogues are all＿＿＿＿buildings.

106. The witch lived in a palace in an＿＿＿＿wood.

填空题答案

1. marine

2. cosmopolitan

3. moist

4. continents

5. contour

6. altitude

7. channel

8. horizon

9. formation

10. earthquake

11. aluminum

12. hemisphere

13. hatched

14. extinction

15. selection

16. predator

17. hibernation

18. amphibian

19. carnivores

20. mandatory

21. impunity

22. captivity

23. incriminated

24. constitution

25. synthetic

26. ignited

27. artificial

28. molecule

29. dissolved

30. Compound

31. radiation

32. erosion

33. rain forest

34. acid rain

35. instilled

36. edifying

37. economic

38. custom

39. patronage

40. ransom

41. audit

42. enlist

43. disarmed

44. encroach

45. beset

46. antique

47. neolithic

48. origin

49. arable

50. husbandry

51. cultivated

52. fertile

53. horticulture

54. hurricane

55. frost

56. meteorology

57. juvenile

58. intellectual

59. forerunners

60. delegate

61. opponents

62. candidates

63. inhabitant

64. fanatic

65. apprenticed

66. exile

67. conventional

68. polygamous

69. immunity

70. symbiosis

71. enumerate

72. parallel

73. calculus

74. celestial

75. orbits

76. astrology

77. fusion

78. evaporated

79. microscope

80. batteries

81. magnetism

82. spiritual

83. infectious

84. feverish

85. hygiene

86. prescription

87. malnutrition

88. relapsed

89. picturesque

90. galleries

91. orchestra

92. chorus

93. farce

94. linguistics

95. genres

96. immigrated

97. anarchism

98. autonomy

99. entitled

100. laurel

101. photosynthesis

102. germinate

103. Luxuriant

104. scenic

105. sacred

106. enchanted

iBT

TOEFL

按意群分类

Analogous

Word List 28

品　质

记忆小贴士：表象记忆法

心理学研究表明，与自己有关的事物记得最牢。看看下面表示品质的单词，想想你身边哪些人符合这些单词描绘的特征。

卑鄙

despicable

[ˈdespikəbl] adj. 可鄙的（detestable, contemptible）

【例】That despicable child trampled my flowers.

contemptible

[kənˈtemptəbl] adj. 可鄙的（mean, despicable）

【例】Tom's rude behavior is contemptible.

ignominious

[ˌiɡnəˈminiəs] adj. 可耻的；不光彩的（disgraceful, humiliating）

【记】ig（不）＋nomin（名字）＋ious→不好的名字→不光彩的

menial

[ˈmiːnjəl] adj. 奴仆的；卑贱的（humble, mean）

scornful

[ˈskɔːnful] adj. 轻蔑的（disdainful, contemptuous）

filthy

[ˈfilθi] adj. 污秽的；卑鄙的（dirty; squalid）

【记】filth（脏）＋y→污秽的

【例】Dave spent two hours cleaning his filthy kitchen.

shameless

[ˈʃeimlis] adj. 无耻的

【例】The shameless couple caressed each other on the bus.

disrespectful

[ˌdisrisˈpektful] adj. 无礼的，轻视的

【例】Heckling is disrespectful to the person who is trying to talk.

discrimination

[disˌkrimiˈneiʃən] n. 歧视（prejudice）

【记】dis＋crimin（罪行）＋ation

【例】Different groups of people in many countries of the world face discrimination.

contemn

[kənˈtem] vt. 蔑视（disdain, scorn）

【例】I contemn your pompous delicacies.

belittle

[biˈlitl] vt. 轻视（depreciate, despise）

【记】be＋litter（小）→小看→轻视

【例】The reporter's comments belittled the candidate.

disdain

[disˈdein] vt. 轻视，不屑（despise, scorn） n. 轻蔑

【记】dis（不）＋dain＝deign（俯就）→不俯就

【例】He disdains any wasting behavior.

despise

[disˈpaiz] vt. 轻视，蔑视（belittle, disdain, contemn）

【记】de（坏）＋spi（看）＋se→蔑视

【例】Mary despised her rude and unschooled neighbors.

mean

[miːn] adj. 卑鄙的（inferior）

【例】He played such a mean trick on me that I no longer treated him as my friend.

笨拙

awkward

[ˈɔːkwəd] adj. 笨拙的，尴尬的（clumsy, inept）

【例】The growing teenager went through an awkward stage.

clumsy

[ˈklʌmzi] adj. 笨拙的；愚笨的（awkward）

【例】The clumsy waiter dropped my dinner on the floor.

inert

[iˈnəːt] adj. 不活泼的（immobile, inactive）；迟钝的

【记】in（不）＋ert（动）→迟钝的

blunt

[blʌnt] adj. 迟钝的 v. 使变钝

【例】The knife was too blunt to cut through the tough meat.

torpid

[ˈtɔːpid] adj. 迟钝的；不活泼的（lethargic, sluggish）

【例】The giant panda, after lunch, seems torpid and reluctant to entertain the spectators.

Silly

[ˈsili] adj. 傻的，糊涂的

idiotic

[idiˈɔtik] adj. 愚蠢的

fatuous

[ˈfætjuəs] adj. 愚昧的（foolish, stupid, indolent）

【记】fatu（笨）＋ous→愚昧的

hoax

[həuks] n./vt. 愚弄（trick, prank）

【记】比较coax（哄骗）

【例】April Fools' Day is a popular time to play hoaxes.

草率

curt

[kəːt] adj. 简短的，草率的（abrupt, blunt）

【例】Our waiter was so curt that we almost walked out.

reckless

[ˈreklis] adj. 鲁莽的（rash）

【记】reck（顾虑）＋less→没有顾虑→鲁莽的

【例】The reckless driver drove above the speed limit.

impudent

[ˈimpjudənt] adj. 鲁莽的（rude, rash）

【记】im（不）＋pud（谦虚，小心）＋ent→不小心的→鲁莽的

rashly

[ˈræʃli] adv. 鲁莽地，匆忙地

【记】rash（匆忙的）＋ly→匆忙地

【例】The student rashly decided to take the exam.

imprudent

[imˈprudənt] adj. 轻率的，不谨慎的（rash）

【记】im（不）＋prudent（小心的）→轻率的

【例】It is imprudent to accept a date with a stranger.

blunt

[blʌnt] adj. 直率的，粗鲁的

【例】John Wayre was a blunt talker and straight shooter.

聪颖

intelligent

[inˈteliʤənt] adj. 聪明的（ingenious, wise）

smart

[smɑːt] adj. 聪明的，敏捷的（clever, intelligent）

versatile

[ˈvəːsətail] adj. 多才多艺的（many-sided, talented, all-around）

【例】The versatile worker was assigned to many different jobs.

astute

[əsˈtjuːt] adj. 机敏的，狡猾的（shrewd, canny）

【例】The boss appreciated Mary's astute observations about how to improve the company's image.

shrewd

[ʃruːd] adj. 精明的（clever, smart）

【例】The shrewd business owner made large profits.

sensible

[ˈsensəbl] adj. 理智的（wise, rational）

【记】sens（感觉）＋ible→理智的

【例】His sensible decision greatly promoted our enterprise.

sane

[sein] adj. 理智的；健全的（sensible, reasonable）

【例】The nation's economy will only improve under sane policy.

flexible

[ˈfleksəbl] adj. 灵活的，变通的（agile）

【记】flex（弯曲）＋ible→易弯曲的→灵活的

【例】Jane easily bent the flexible wire into a loop.

exquisite

[ˈekskwizit] adj. 灵敏的

【例】The artists have an exquisite sense of color.

expeditious

[ˌekspiˈdiʃəs] adj. 敏捷的；迅速的（prompt, speedy）

nimble

[ˈnimbl] adj. 轻快的；灵敏的（agile, brisk）

【记】比较nim（偷窃）

knowledgeable

[ˈnɔliʤəbl] adj. 有见识的

capable

[ˈkeipəbl] adj. 有能力的

【例】The very capable caterer fed everyone well at the party.

tact

[tækt] n. 老练；机智（diplomacy, thoughtfulness）

sharpen

[ˈʃɑːpn] vt. 使敏锐

【例】You need to sharpen your eyes in doing experiments.

adroit

[əˈdrɔit] adj. 机巧的（skillful, adept, deft）

【记】a＋droit（灵巧）→机巧的

【例】The elderly man couldn't walk, but he was still adroit with his hands.

acute

[əˈkjuːt] adj. 敏锐的（sharp）

【例】Dogs have very acute hearing.

acumen

[ˈækjuːmen] n. 敏锐（acuteness）

【记】acu（尖端）＋men→敏锐

【例】Bill has a lot of business acumen and earns a high salary.

粗野

gauche

[ɡəuʃ] adj. 笨拙的；粗鲁的（awkward, clumsy, unapt）

【例】People laugh at Forrest Gump's gauche behavior at the White House.

rough

[rʌf] adj. 粗暴的（rude）

【例】The boy who lost his parents ran with a rough crowd.

rugged

[ˈrʌɡid] adj. 粗俗的（coarse, rough）

coarse

[kɔːs] adj. 粗糙的，粗野的（rough, crude）

【例】Bill's coarse manners were becoming quite offensive.

rustic

[ˈrʌstik] adj. 粗俗的

【记】rust（乡村）＋ic→粗俗的

grumpy

[ˈɡrʌmpi] adj. 坏脾气的，性情暴躁的（ill-tempered）

brutal

[ˈbruːtl] adj. 野蛮的

【例】The brutal beast tore the deer to pieces.

胆小

spineless

[ˈspainlis] adj. 没骨气的（weak, feeble）

timid

[ˈtimid] adj. 胆怯的，羞怯的

【例】The timid student was afraid to talk to his teacher.

bashful

[ˈbæʃful] adj. 害羞的，胆小的（coy, shy, timid）

【记】bash（羞）＋ful→害羞的

【例】The bashful child hid behind his mother.

shy

[ʃai] adj. 害羞的；胆小的（coy, timid）

和蔼

pitiful

[ˈpitiful] adj. 慈悲的

【记】名词pity（可怜）

genial

[ˈʤiːnjəl] adj. 和蔼的（kindly, good-natured）

【记】gen（产生）＋ial→产生（感情）的→和蔼的

modest

[ˈmɔdist] adj. 谦虚的；适度的（humble, unassuming）

【记】mod（方式）＋est→做事有规矩→礼貌的

benign

[biˈnain] adj. 亲切的，良好的（kind, benevolent）

【例】The poor farmer had a benign manner.

facile

[ˈfæsil] adj. 轻而易举的（easy, effortless）；随和的

【记】fac（做）＋ile→能做得出的→轻而易举的

【例】I'm bored at work because my boss only gives me facile work as signments.

merciful

[ˈməːsiful] adj. 仁慈的，宽大的

【记】名词mercy（仁慈）

humane

[hjuːˈmein] adj. 仁慈的，亲切的（sympathetic, kind）

【记】human（人）＋e→有人情味的→仁慈的

ductile

[ˈdʌktail] adj. 柔软的；驯良的（plastic; malleable）

frank

[fræŋk] adj. 坦白的，直率的（direct, honest）

【例】Be frank with your friends, or you will have no true friendship.

outspoken

[autˈspəukən] adj. 坦率直言的（forthright, straight-forward）

【记】来自speak out（说出）

moderate

[ˈmɔdərit] adj. 温和的；适度的（average, reasonable）

【记】moder＝mod（方式）＋ate→方式正确→适度的

meek

[miːk] adj. 温顺的（docile, submissive）；柔和的

tractable

[ˈtræktəbl] adj. 易驾驭的；温顺的（obedient）

【记】tract（拉）＋able→能拉得动的→易驾驭的

【例】Being tractable and loyal are essential qualities the owners ask for their slaves.

facetious

[fəˈsiːʃəs] adj. 幽默的，滑稽的（amusing, jesting）

【例】Don't be offended; it was just a facetious remark.

humorous

[ˈhjuːmərəs] adj. 幽默的

sociable

[ˈsəuʃəbl] adj. 友善的，好交际的（gregarious, friendly）

【例】Because Mary is sociable, she introduced herself to everyone at the party.

courteous

[ˈkəːtjəs] adj. 有礼貌的；谦恭的（polite, gracious）

【例】The courteous child always says "please" and "thank you".

gracious

[ˈɡreiʃəs] adj. 有礼貌的；仁慈的（affable）

【记】grac（优雅，讲究礼仪）＋ious→有礼貌的

【例】I thanked Jane for her gracious hospitality.

gregarious

[ɡreˈɡɛəriəs] adj. 合群的（social, sociable）

【记】greg（群体）＋arious→爱群体的

【例】My gregarious sister makes friends wherever she goes.

gentility

[ʤenˈtiliti] n. 有教养；文雅

【例】These young ladies brought up with gentility showed great elegance in their behavior.

affable

[ˈæfəbl] adj. 和蔼可亲的（genial, benevolent）

【记】af＋fable（说，讲）→可以说话的→和蔼的

【例】Mary is quite affable and is always invited to parties.

狡猾

crooked

[ˈkrukid] adj. 狡诈的（bent, twisted）

【记】crook（弯曲）＋ed→拐弯抹角的→狡诈的

sly

[slai] adj. 狡猾的

【例】The sly spy managed to trap those loyal people.

cunning

[ˈkʌniŋ] adj. 狡猾的（sly, tricky）

【例】The successful owner had developed a cunning business sense.

designing

[diˈzainiŋ] adj. 狡猾的；蓄意的（cunning）

【例】The designing employee intended to get a promotion somehow.

节俭

frugal

[ˈfruːɡəl] adj. 节约的（thrifty, economical）

economize

[iˈkɔnəmaiz] vi. 节俭（save, cut costs）

【例】When they bought a house, the family had to economize to pay their mortgage.

economical

[ˌekəˈnɔmikəl] adj. 节约的，经济的（thrifty）

【例】Purchasing clothing that will only be worn once is not very economical.

canny

[ˈkæni] adj. 精明的；节俭的（shrewd, cunning）

stoically

[ˈstəuikli] adv. 淡泊地（impassively）

austerity

[ɔsˈterəti] n. 节俭

【例】Austerity is the chosen lifestyle of a monk.

thrift

[θrift] n. 节约（economy, frugality）

谨慎

conservative

[kənˈsəːvətiv] adj. 保守的（modest, cautious）

【例】A conservative estimate of the cost to repair the car is $100.

composed

[kəmˈpəuzd] adj. 沉着的

【记】比较pose（姿态）

composure

[kəmˈpəuʒə] n. 镇静（calmness, self-control）

【例】The irate customer lost his composure and yelled at the clerk.

prudent

[ˈpruːdənt] adj. 谨慎的（cautious）

【记】prud（小心）＋ent→谨慎的

vigilant

[ˈviʤilənt] adj. 警惕着的，清醒的（watchful, alert）

【例】The president's vigilant bodyguard immediately noticed the man with a gun.

hardheaded

[hɑːdˈhedid] adj. 冷静的

【记】hard（硬的）＋head（想法）＋ed

sober

[ˈsəubə] adj. 清醒的

【例】The drunk man is totally another one when sober.

discreet

[disˈkriːt] adj. 慎重的，谨慎的（prudent, cautious）

【例】You can tell Jane anything; she is very discreet.

discretion

[disˈkreʃən] n. 慎重（caution, prudence）

【例】The decorator showed no discretion in her purchases for our new house, everything costing too much money.

circumspect

[ˈsəːkəmspekt] adj. 慎重的，小心的（prudent, cautious）

【记】circum（绕圈）＋spect（看）→四处看→小心的

【例】Never very circumspect in expressing his views, Bill annoyed almost everyone at the party.

cautious

[ˈkɔːʃəs] adj. 小心的，谨慎的

【例】Be cautious when you approach strangers.

meticulously

[məˈtikjuləsli] adv. 很仔细地（carefully, scrupulously）

【记】metic（害怕）＋ulously→害怕出错地→细心地

【例】The editor kept on checking spelling mistakes meticulously.

sanity

[ˈsæniti] n. 神志清楚（saneness, rationality）

懒惰

sluggish

[ˈslʌɡiʃ] adj. 怠惰的（lethargic, listless, slow）

【例】The snake was sluggish because of the cold weather.

indolent

[ˈindələnt] adj. 懒惰的（lazy, slothful）

inertia

[iˈnəːʃjə] n. 惯性；惰性（laziness, indolence）

slug

[slʌɡ] n. 慢吞吞的人（或物）

sloth

[sləuθ] n. 怠惰，懒惰

slothful

[ˈsləuθful] adj. 偷懒的

强壮

stout

[staut] adj. 健壮的（strong, sturdy）

【例】The athlete boasts his stout figure.

firm

[fəːm] adj. 坚挺的；结实的（hard）

【例】Bob lifts weights everyday, so his muscles are very firm.

stocky

[ˈstɔki] adj. 结实的，粗短的（sturdy）

【例】Many Eskimos are short and stocky.

robust

[rəuˈbʌst] adj. 强壮的（strong, sturdy）

【记】也就是谐音“乐百氏”

【例】If you want to be healthy and robust, you need to exercise yourself routinely.

hardy

[ˈhɑːdi] adj. 强壮的（tough, rugged）；耐劳的

【例】Those hardy and stocky Eskimos have been living in this frozen world for centuries.

lusty

[ˈlʌsti] adj. 强壮的；有精神的（vigorous, energetic）

【记】lust（光亮）＋y→人满面红光→有精神的

stiff

[stif] adj. 硬的，僵直的

奢侈

prodigal

[ˈprɔdiɡəl] adj. 浪费的（extravagant, wasteful）

improvident

[imˈprɔvidənt] adj. 浪费的（thriftless, wasteful）

【记】im（无）＋provident（前瞻性的）

lavish

[ˈlæviʃ] adj. 浪费的，奢侈的（wasteful）

【记】lav（洗）＋ish→冲掉→浪费的

【例】My neighbors spoiled their children with lavish gifts.

luxurious

[lʌɡˈʒuəriəs] adj. 奢侈的（expensive, costly）

extravagant

[iksˈtrævəɡənt] adj. 奢侈的，浪费的（wasteful）

【记】extra＋vag（走）＋ant→游走外面的世界→奢侈的

【例】The accountant warned the owner against extravagant purchases.

squander

[ˈskwɔndə] vt. 浪费（dissipate, waste）

【例】He was not at all shameful when squandering his family fortune on gambling.

flamboyant

[flæmˈbɔiənt] adj. 华丽的，浮夸的（dazzling, showy）

熟练

deft

[deft] adj. 灵巧的，熟练的（skillful, adroit）

【例】The pianist's deft fingers were delightful to watch.

adept

[əˈdept] adj. 擅长的（adroit, apt）

【例】Mary is very adept at tuning pianos.

skillful

[ˈskilful] adj. 熟练的（adroit）

【例】Lisa is skillful at repairing lamps.

experienced

[iksˈpiəriənst] adj. 有经验的

【记】比较experience（经验）

【例】An experienced babysitter will not panic in an emergency situation.

stunt

[stʌnt] n. 惊人的技艺（trick, feat）

【例】In the film he had to drive a car into the sea, and do other hair-raising stunts.

craft

[kræft] n. 手艺（workmanship）

【记】craftsman（手艺人）

facility

[fəˈsiliti] n. 熟练（proficiency）；（复数）工具

【例】To write well, you need to have facility of language.

familiarize

[fəˈmiljəraiz] vt. 熟悉

【记】familiar（熟悉的）＋ize（动词词尾）→熟悉

【例】It is important to familiarize yourself with a foreign langugae nowadays.

accomplished

[əˈkɔmpliʃt] adj. 熟练的（experienced, skillful）

【例】Bill is the most accomplished musician I have ever known.

素质

aptitude

[ˈæptitjuːd] n. 才能（talent, knack）

【记】apti（能力）＋tude→才能

【例】I have no musical aptitude and I can't even sing a simple tune.

vigor

[ˈviɡə] n. 精力（energy, enthusiasm）

caliber

[ˈkælibə] n. 品质（quality, capacity, ability, talent）

【例】Students are suggested to bring with them tea of high caliber.

quality

[ˈkwɔliti] n. 品质（trait, calibre）

temperament

[ˈtempərəmənt] n. 气质，性情（disposition, nature）

【记】tempera（脾气）＋ment→性情

stamina

[ˈstæminə] n. 体力，精力（endurance）

【例】Wrestling tests one's agility and stamina.

talent

[ˈtælənt] n. 天才；才能；人才（gift, aptitude, knack）

confidence

[ˈkɔnfidəns] n. 信心

【记】con＋fid（相信）＋ence→信心

【例】The patient had confidence in her surgeon's skills.

disposition

[dispəˈziʃən] n. 性情（temperament, nature）

【例】The happy clerk had a pleasant disposition.

mass

[mæs] n. 质量

ability

[əˈbiliti] n. 能力（capability）

versatile

[ˈvəːsətail] adj. 通用的，万能的，多才多艺的，多面手的

power

[ˈpauə] n. 能力，力量

贪婪

avid

[ˈævid] adj. 贪婪的（greedy）

ravenous

[ˈrævinəs] adj. 贪婪的

rapacious

[rəˈpeiʃəs] adj. 贪婪的（avaricious, covetous）

【记】rap（抓，夺）＋acious→贪婪的

greedy

[ˈɡriːdi] adj. 贪婪的（voracious, insatiable）

covetous

[ˈkʌvitəs] adj. 贪心的（desirous, avaricious）

【记】动词covet（贪心）

avarice

[ˈævəris] n. 贪婪（greed, lust）

【记】参考avid（渴望的）

【例】Avarice has caused the downfall of many people.

avaricious

[ˌævəˈriʃəs] adj. 贪婪的，贪心的（greedy）

【例】Bill is so avaricious that he donates nothing to charity.

acquisitive

[əˈkwizitiv] adj. 贪得无厌的（covetous, greedy）

【记】ac＋quist（得到）＋ive→一再要得到→贪婪的

【例】Jane has an acquisitive nature and will probably want a new car just like yours.

严酷

exacting

[iɡˈzæktiŋ] adj. 费力的，严格的（demanding, rigorous）

【记】比较exact（一丝不差的）

【例】Jane is very exacting in her work.

ascetic

[əˈsetik] adj. 苦行的（austere, rigorous, strict）

grim

[ɡrim] adj. 冷酷的（cruel, merciless）

【例】Each day, the chance for peace became more grim.

relentless

[riˈlentlis] adj. 无情的（merciless, ruthless）

【记】relent（怜悯的）＋less→无怜悯的

【例】The relentless bully beat Jimmy up.

ruthless

[ˈruːθlis] adj. 无情的，冷酷的（merciless, pitiless）

【例】The ruthless tyrant caused the deaths of millions of people.

rigid

[ˈriʤid] adj. 严格的，僵化的（strict, fixed）

【例】Their rigid notion of true womanhood had been restricting women's life for centuries.

stern

[stəːn] adj. 严格的；僵化的（harsh, hard, strict）

【例】The museum guard gave us a stern warning not to touch the paintings.

stringent

[ˈstrinʤənt] adj. 严格的；迫切的（strict, rigid）

【例】Our company has a stringent policy against smoking.

scrupulous

[ˈskruːpjuləs] adj. 严谨的，讲究的（prudent, meticulous）

【例】The secretary is scrupulous about her dress.

drastic

[ˈdræstik] adj. 严厉的（severe）

【例】The principal felt that the cheater's punishment should be drastic./The emergency called for drastic measure.

harsh

[hɑːʃ] adj. 严厉的（severe）

【例】The judge gave the criminal a harsh sentence.

rigor

[ˈriɡə] n. 严格，严厉（rigidity, hardship）

【例】Those homeless children had to face the rigors of life by themselves.

rigorous

[ˈriɡərəs] adj. 严厉的，严峻的（strict, rigid）

【记】rig（严厉的）＋orous→严厉的

【例】The trainings soldiers received were rigorous.

serious

[ˈsiəriəs] adj. 严肃的

【例】Serious arts are becoming more and more popular among consideration.

severe

[siˈviə] adj. 严重的，严肃的（grave, grievous）

austerity

[ɔsˈterəti] n. 严峻

【记】au＋ster（冷）＋ity→冷冰冰→严峻

【例】War was followed by many years of austerity.

ordeal

[ɔːˈdiːl] n. 严酷的考验（difficult experience, trial）

勇敢

bold

[bəuld] adj. 大胆的（daring, brave）

【例】The bold employee insisted on better working conditions.

daring

[ˈdɛəriŋ] adj. 大胆的，勇敢的（bold, audacious）

【记】比较dare（胆敢）

【例】A daring firefighter pulled the child from the fire.

undaunted

[ʌnˈdɔːntid] adj. 无畏的，勇敢的（intrepid, fearless）

dauntless

[ˈdɔːntlis] adj. 勇敢的

【记】daunt（害怕）＋less→不害怕的→勇敢的

【例】The dauntless pilot flew through the rough storms.

valiant

[ˈvæljənt] adj. 英勇的（courageous, dauntless, intrepid）

【例】The valiant soldier was given a medal.

gallant

[ˈɡælənt] adj. 英勇的（courageous, heroic）

【记】gall（胆）＋ant→有胆的→英勇的

【例】Mary and Jane gave their gallant waiter a generous tip.

intrepid

[inˈtrepid] adj. 勇敢的（fearless, dauntless）

【记】in（不）＋trepid（害怕）→勇敢的

【例】The intrepid explorers reached the South Pole.

valor

[ˈvælə] n. 勇气（bravery, courage）

【记】val（强大）＋or

【例】The terminally ill patient showed great valor in the last months of his life.

自私

flighty

[ˈflaiti] adj. 不负责任的；轻浮的（fickle, capricious）

【记】flight（飞）＋y→轻浮的

【例】It's unwise to ask a flighty person to make such a serious decision.

skimpy

[ˈskimpi] adj. 吝啬的

stingy

[ˈstinʤi] adj. 吝啬的（miserly, ungenerous）

miserly

[ˈmaizəli] adj. 吝啬的（stingy）

snobbish

[ˈsnɔbiʃ] adj. 势利的，谄上欺下的

【记】snob（势利）＋bish→势利的

【例】My snobbish coworker thinks she is the most important employee in the company.

selfish

[ˈselfiʃ] adj. 自私的

Carve your name on hearts and not on marbles.

—J.Addison

把你的姓名刻在人们的心上，而不是刻在大理石上。

——爱迪生

连　线　题

左列单词在右列中有一个或多个同义词，请画线连接。

（一）

（二）

连线题答案

（一）

（二）

填　空　题

将恰当的词填入横线处

1. We＿＿＿＿＿all cowards and flatterers.

2. The opera was marred by an＿＿＿＿aria.

3. He made an＿＿＿＿decision.

4. He is a＿＿＿＿＿musician.

5. There are many＿＿＿＿professors in our university.

6. The＿＿＿＿work of the student disappointed his teacher.

7. The＿＿＿＿girl flushed when she heard the words.

8. The＿＿＿＿＿millionaire donate much money to the village.

9. To be＿＿＿＿, I am very busy these days.

10. The＿＿＿＿fox cheated the wolf with its sweet words.

11.＿＿＿＿is a virtue of Chinese people.

12. The deer is＿＿＿＿all day long.

13. He had throughout been almost worryingly＿＿＿＿in his business formalities.

14. No leaders like＿＿＿＿workers.

15. To be＿＿＿＿, we need more nutrition.

16. We are shocked at the＿＿＿＿furniture.

17. He is an＿＿＿＿worker in our factory.

18.＿＿＿＿is more important than quantity.

19. Everyone should have＿＿＿＿in himself.

20. The＿＿＿＿merchant was finally punished by himself.

21. He suffered＿＿＿＿persecution for years.

22. The＿＿＿＿soldiers defeated the enemy.

23. The＿＿＿＿landlord placed heavy burden on the farmers.

填空题答案

1. despise

2. awkward

3. intelligent

4. versatile

5. knowledgeable

6. coarse

7. shy

8. merciful

9. frank

10. cunning

11. Thrift

12. vigilant

13. meticulous

14. indolent

15. robust

16. luxurious

17. experienced

18. Quality

19. confidence

20. avaricious

21. relentless

22. intrepid

23. miserly

Word List 29

事　物

记忆小贴士：挂钩记忆法

将一组熟悉的地点，房间摆设等与要记的东西之间挂钩，主要利用视觉表象，以地点位置作为以后的提取线索。

食品

cabbage

[ˈkæbiʤ] n. 甘蓝，卷心菜

carrot

[ˈkærət] n. 胡萝卜

celery

[ˈseləri] n. 旱芹，芹菜

cereal

[ˈsiəriəl] n. 谷类食品，谷类

corn

[kɔːn] n. 〈美〉玉米，〈英〉谷物，五谷

cucumber

[ˈkjuːkʌmbə] n. 黄瓜

grain

[ɡrein] n. 谷物，谷类，谷粒，细粒，颗粒，粮食

leek

[liːk] n. 韭

lettuce

[ˈletis] n. 莴苣，生菜

millet

[ˈmilit] n. 稷，粟

mustard

[ˈmʌstəd] n. 芥菜，芥末

oats

[əuts] n. 燕麦，燕麦片

onion

[ˈʌnjən] n. 洋葱

pea

[piː] n. 豌豆

peanut

[ˈpiːnʌt] n. 花生

pepper

[ˈpepə] n. 胡椒粉

potato

[pəˈteitəu] n. 马铃薯

pumpkin

[ˈpʌmpkin] n. 南瓜

radish

[ˈrædiʃ] n. 萝卜

rice

[rais] n. 稻，米

rye

[rai] n. 裸麦，黑麦

sesame

[ˈsesəmi] n. 芝麻

soybean

[ˈsɔibiːn] n. 大豆

spinach

[ˈspiniʤ;（US）ˈspiniʧ] n. 菠菜

tomato

[təˈmɑːtəu, təˈmeitəu] n. 番茄，西红柿

wheat

[wiːt, hw-] n. 小麦；小麦色

edible

[ˈedibl] adj. 可食的（eatable, comestible）

【记】ed（吃）＋ible

【例】The cake was garnished with edible decorations.

bland

[blænd] adj. （食物等）无刺激性的（mild, gentle）

【例】Mary added spices to the bland dishes.

seasoning

[ˈsiːzniŋ] n. 调味品，佐料（flavoring, spice）

condiment

[ˈkɔndimənt] n. 调味品

【例】The only condiments I like on my hamburger are ketchup and mustard.

butter

[ˈbʌtə] n. 奶油

chop

[tʃɔp] n. 排骨

cuisine

[kwiˈziːn] n. 烹调

【例】The restaurant served cuisine from Thailand.

dessert

[diˈzəːt] n. 甜点

【例】Dessert is the last course of a meal.

beverage

[ˈbevəriʤ] n. 饮料

【记】bever（喝）＋age

【例】What sort of beverages should we serve at the party?

diet

[ˈdaiət] n. 饮食，食物 v. 节食

【例】Pizza was the staple of the college students' diet.

nutriment

[ˈnjuːtrimənt] n. 营养品

nibble

[ˈnibl] vt. 细咬；细食（bite; eat）

【记】nib（小）＋ble

【例】The fish were nibbling at the bait.

imbibe

[imˈbaib] vt. 饮（absorb, assimilate）

【记】im（进入）＋bibe（喝）

【例】Grandpa imbibed a bit of wine each night.

scoop

[skuːp] n. 勺子 v. 舀

【例】He used his bare hands to scoop up water from the river.

barley

[ˈbɑːli] n. 大麦

beet

[biːt] n. 甜菜，甜菜根

broccoli

[ˈbrɔkəli] n. 椰菜

本质

indigenous

[inˈdiʤinəs] adj. 固有的（aboriginal, native）

【记】indi（内部）＋gen（产生）＋ous→内部产生→土产的

【例】The indigenous people of the area know which plants are safe to eat and which are poisonous.

intrinsic

[inˈtrinzik] adj. 本质的（substantive）；本身的

【例】Paying careful attention and responding quickly are intrinsic parts of good driving.

radical

[ˈrædikl] adj. 根本的

【例】The American Revolution is not a radical one, but a gradual evolution.

radically

[ˈrædikəli] adv. 根本上（basically）

rudimentary

[ˈruːdimentəri] adj. 根本的，低级的（undeveloped, elementary, primitive, unsophisticated）

【记】rudi（无知的）＋ment＋ary→无知的→最初的

【例】I took a rudimentary cooking class in high school.

inherent

[inˈhiərənt] adj. 固有的（innate, intrinsic）

【记】in（里面）＋her（连）＋ent→天生（与身体内）连着→天赋的

inherently

[inˈhiərentli] adv. 天性地，固有地（intrisically, fundamentally, basically）

objective

[ɔbˈʤektiv] adj. 客观的

【记】object（客观）＋ive

internal

[inˈtəːnl] adj. 内在的（inside, interior）

【记】比较external（外在的）

incisive

[inˈsaisiv] adj. 深刻的（profound）

【例】His incisive criticism gave us a thorough understanding of Dicksen's writings.

substantive

[ˈsʌbstəntiv] adj. 实质性的（actual）

【例】An accident is just the appearance; a malicious murder is actually substantive.

innate

[iˈneit] adj. 天生的（inborn, inherent）

【记】in（进）＋nate（生）→与出生一起来→天生的

【例】The singer had an innate talent for music.

inborn

[ˈinbɔːn] adj. 天生的（innate）

【记】in（内）＋born（出生）→与生俱来的

【例】Man's ability to compute is far from inborn; you have to acquire after birth.

instinctive

[inˈstiŋktiv] adj. 天生的，本能的（impulsive, spontaneous）

【记】instinct（本能）＋ive

crude

[kruːd] adj. 未提炼的；生的（raw, unpolished, unprocessd）

spontaneous

[spɔnˈteiniəs] adj. 自发的；本能的（impulsive, involuntary）

【记】spont（自然）＋aneous→自然的→自发的

【例】There was the spontaneous applause at the end of Mary's speech.

interior

[inˈtiəriə] n. 内部（inside, inner）

【记】比较exterior（外部）

【例】The building's interior needed to be repaired.

attribute

[ˈætribjuːt] n. 性质（characteristic, quality, trait）

【例】As a great leader, generosity is his first attribute.

abstruse

[æbˈstruːs] adj. 深奥的（complicated, profound）

【记】abs＋trus（走）＋e→走不进去的→难懂的

比较概念

comparative

[kəmˈpærətiv] adj. 比较的

【例】Bill is a comparative stranger in town. He has just moved here.

comparable

[ˈkɔmpərəbl] adj. 可比的；类似的（similar）

【例】I suggested two comparable solutions to the problem.

similar

[ˈsimilə] adj. 相似的，类似的（comparable）

dissimilar

[diˈsimilə] adj. 不相似的，不同的（different）

【记】dis＋similar（相似的）

【例】Your children are so dissimilar; it is hard to believe they are related.

subordinate

[səˈbɔːdinit] adj. 次要的，附属的（inferior, secondary）

【记】sub（下面）＋ordin（顺序）＋ate→下面的顺序→附属的

【例】Pleasure should be subordinate to duty.

monotonous

[məˈnɔtənəs] adj. 单调的（boring, dull）

【记】mono（单个）＋ton（声音）＋ous

typical

[ˈtipikəl] adj. 典型的，代表性的（ordinary）

【例】My aunt just moved to Beijing; she is not a typical Beijing local.

invert

[inˈvəːt] vt. 倒转（overturn, reverse）

【例】I inverted the glasses so the water would drain out of them.

inverse

[inˈvəːs] adj. 反的（contrary, opposite）

【记】in（反）＋verse（转）→反转的→相反的

preferable

[ˈprefərəbl] adj. 更好的

【记】prefer（喜欢）＋able

【例】A preferable option is to store the food in a refrigerator rather than throw it away.

approximate

[əˈprɔksimit] adj. 近似的（proximate）

【记】ap＋proxim（接近）＋ate→接近的，近似的

【例】What is the approximate travel time from your house to your job?

coordinate

[kəuˈɔːdinit] adj. 同等的，并列的（equal, juxtaposed）

【例】John only speaks to those who are coodinate with him in ranks.

homogeneous

[ˌhɔməˈʤiːnjəs] adj. 同类的；相似的（uniform, same）

【记】homo（同）＋gen（产生）＋ous→产生相同的

【例】The population of the small town was homogeneous, mostly merchants and laborers.

identical

[aiˈdentikl] adj. 同一的（tantamount, same）

【记】iden（相同）＋tical

【例】Bill and John have identical briefcases, and sometimes Bill picks up John's briefcase by mistake.

peerless

[ˈpiəlis] adj. 无与伦比的（matchless, unparalleled）

【记】peer（同等）＋less→无相提并论者→无与伦比的

equal

[ˈiːkwəl] adj. 相等的，同样的（equivalent）

【记】equ（平）＋al

【例】Put an equal amount of sugar into both bowls.

equate

[iˈkweit] vt. 使相等，视为同等

【例】It's a mistake to equate wealth with happiness.

equivalent

[iˈkwivələnt] adj. 相等的 n. 等同品（counterpart, match）

【例】Both of them expressed their agreement with equivalent statements./I lost the necklace borrowed from Jenny, and I didn't have any equivalent to return to her.

intermediate

[ˌintəˈmiːdiət] adj. 中级的

neutral

[ˈnjuːtrəl] adj. 中性的；中立的（nonaligned）

【记】neutr（中）＋al

backward

[ˈbækwəd] adj./adv. 退步的；相反的

【记】back（背，后）＋ward（方向）

【例】The senator's backward views were very uneducated.

relatively

[ˈrelətivli] adv. 相关地，相对地（comparatively）

【例】The SMART car has an engine relatively powerful to its weight.

shade

[ʃeid] n. 差别（difference）

【例】If you want to write well, frequently distinguish the fine shades between words.

reproduction

[ˌriːprəˈdʌkʃən] n. 复制品（copy）

【记】re（重新）＋production（生产）→复制

【例】Don't get yourself cheated; the vase is only a reproduction.

inferior

[inˈfiəriə] n. 次品 adj. 自卑的，劣等的

【记】infer（低）＋ior；比较superior（高级的）

【例】No inferior products should be allowed to pass.

sample

[ˈsæmpl] n. 范例，样品（specimen）

medium

[ˈmiːdiəm] n. 媒介；中间 adj. 中等的

【记】medi（中间）＋um→中间物，媒介

counterpart

[ˈkauntəpɑːt] n. 相对物；极相似之物（equivalent, correspondent）

【例】In London, the counterpart of the New York subway is called the "tube".

midst

[midst] n. 中间 prep. 在…之间（during, undergoing）

contrast

[ˈkəntræst] n. 对比（着重于相异处）

【例】Today's rain is a sharp contrast to yesterday's sunshine.

compare

[kəmˈpɛə] vt. 比较（着重于相似处）；比喻

【例】If you compare this book with that one, you will find that one is larger./Bob compared Mary's messy hair to a bird's nest.

copy

[ˈkɔpi] vt. 复制，模仿（imitate）

【例】Bill copied the original article for his personal use.

imitate

[ˈimiteit] vt. 模仿（copy, mimic）

【例】Anne imitated the famous artist's style in her own paintings.

resemble

[riˈzembl] vt. 像，类似

【例】Mary resembles her mother in many ways.

affinity

[əˈfiniti] n. 类似处（similarity）

【记】af（一再）＋fin（范围）＋ity→一再能进入别人的范围→亲密

【例】There is a close affinity between apes and monkeys.

范围

exception

[ikˈsepʃən] n. 例外

【记】ex＋cept（拿）＋ion→拿出去→例外

【例】Everyone passed the math test, with the exception of Tom.

exceptional

[ikˈsepʃənl] adj. 例外的

【例】The exceptional tennis player won the championship.

relieved

[riˈliːvd] adj. 免除的（exempted）

【记】名词relief（宽慰）

extra

[ˈekstrə] adj. 额外的（additional, surplus）

extraneous

[eksˈtreiniəs] adj. 无关的（irrelevant, unrelated）；外来的

【记】extra（外）＋neous

【例】The editor cut the extraneous material from the first chapter.

irrelevant

[iˈrelivənt] adj. 离题的；无关的（impertinent, extraneous）

【记】ir（无）＋relevant（有关的）

【例】Bob's comments about religion were irrelevant to our discussion about politics.

exclude

[iksˈkluːd] vt. 把…排除在外（rule out）

【记】ex＋clude（关闭）→关出去→排除在外

【例】Please don't exclude grains from your diet.

exclusive

[iksˈkluːsiv] adj. 排外的；独占的（prohibitive; restrictive）

【例】The CNN covered this moving story exclusively.

exclusion

[iksˈkluːʒən] n. 除外（omission）

【例】The contract covers everything with no exclusions stated.

unconventional

[ˌʌnkənˈvenʃənl] adj. 破例的

external

[eksˈtəːnl] adj. 外部的（exterior）

【例】The crab's external shell must be removed before you eat the meat inside.

impertinent

[imˈpəːtinənt] adj. 无关的（unrelated）

【例】Don't talk anything impertinent to the main issue.

besides

[biˈsaidz] adv. 除了（还有）

【例】Besides hot dogs, we had potato salad.

scope

[skəup] n. 范围；余地（range, extent）

【例】There is not much scope for imagination in his tedious job.

span

[spæn] n. 跨度 vt. 跨越（cover, reach across）

content

[ˈkɔntent] n. 内容（matter）

save

[seiv] prep. 除了（except）

【例】For money, the selfish gangster would kill anyone save himself.

deviate

[ˈdiːvieit] v. 出轨；离题（deflect, diverge）

【记】de＋via（路）＋te→离正路→出轨

【例】I do not like to deviate from the set schedule.

digress

[daiˈɡres] vi. 离开本题（deviate, turn away）

【记】di（偏离）＋gress（走）→走偏离→离题

【例】Mary digressed and forgot what she was originally talking about.

embrace

[imˈbreis] vt. 包含，拥抱（hug, cuddle）

【例】Computer software develops like this the new version should embrace the former ones./The students tearfully embraced each other on their last day of school.

cover

[ˈkʌvə] vt. 包括

【例】His lecture covers all aspects of that language.

comprise

[kəmˈpraiz] vt. 包括（constitute, contain, consist of, be made up of）

【例】The committee comprises seven persons.

bias

[ˈbaiəs] vt. 使…偏离

【例】The government used newspapers and the radio to bias the opinions of the people.

deflect

[diˈflekt] vt. 使偏离（divert, deviate）

【记】de（偏离）＋flect（做）→偏斜

【例】The ball hit a wall and was deflected from its course.

embody

[emˈbɔdi] vt. 体现；包含（include, incorporate）

【记】em＋body（身体，主体）

【例】The monitor embodied his idea in a short speech.

accommodate

[əˈkɔmədeit] vt. 容纳（contain, load）

【例】This elevator accommodates twelve people.

preclude

[priˈkluːd] vt. 排除；防止（prevent, prohibit）

【记】pre（提前）＋clude（关闭）→防止

【例】Modesty precludes me from accepting the honor.

方法

forthright

[ˈfɔːθrait] adj. 直接的（frank, direct）

【例】The brave soldiers marched forthright with a knowledge that there would not be any enemy ahead.

shortcut

[ˈʃɔːtkʌt] n. 捷径（direct route）

tip

[tip] n. 窍门（cleverness）

【例】He learned a lot of tips on cooking through the book.

means

[miːnz] n. 手段，方法（way）

【例】Try every means to achieve the ends.

via

[ˈvaiə] prep. 经过，经由（by way of）

【例】She started her self-study via radio.

direct

[daiˈrekt] adj. 直接的（straightforward）

access

[ˈækses] n. 通路，入门（outlet）

【记】ac＋cess（走）→走过去→通道

【例】The strikers blocked the access to the factory.

光

faint

[feint] adj. 模糊的

【例】I stayed up until I saw faint rays of light from the rising sun.

gloom

[ɡluːm] n. 黑暗

gloomy

[ˈɡluːmi] adj. 暗的（dark, dim）

【例】It's looking gloomy outside. You'd better take an umbrella.

luminous

[ˈluːminəs] adj. 发光的；光亮的（glowing; bright）

【记】lumin（光）＋ous

【例】The astronomer gazed at the luminous star.

illuminate

[iˈljuːmineit] vt. 照明，照亮

【记】il（一再）＋lumin（光明）＋ate→给予光明→照亮

【例】Could you please illuminate your theory with a little more explanation?/Cleverly-made attacks can often serve to illuminate important differences between candidates, as well as entertain the voters.

dingy

[ˈdiŋʤi] adj. 昏暗的

dim

[dim] adj. 昏暗的；朦胧的（faint, vague）

【例】Mike's eyes adjusted to the dim room.

obscure

[əbˈskjuə] adj. 模糊的（unclear）

【记】ob（离开）＋scure（跑）→跑开→模糊的

【例】Alchemists made these symbols purposely obscure. They don't want people to know all this.

vague

[veiɡ] adj. 模糊的，含糊的（imprecise, elementary, obscure, ambiguous）

【例】Tom evaded Jane's question by giving her a vague answer.

dusky

[ˈdʌski] adj. 微暗的，肤色黑的（dim, dark）

【例】The dusky light makes the old house look horrible.

extinct

[iksˈtiŋkt] adj. 熄灭的

【记】ex＋tinct（促使）→促使出去→灭绝

glaring

[ˈɡlɛəriŋ] adj. 耀眼的（dazzling）

【记】参考glare（瞪）

dazzling

[ˈdæzliŋ] adj. 耀眼的

【例】The dazzling dress looked stunning on the mannequin.

dismal

[ˈdizml] adj. 阴暗的

【例】Mary cried during the dismal movie.

glossy

[ˈɡlɔsi] adj. 有光泽的（smooth, lustrous）

【例】I polished the silver until it was glossy again.

luster

[ˈlʌstə] n. 光彩；光泽（brightness, distinction, radiance）

【记】lust（光亮）＋er

glaze

[ˈɡleiz] v. （使）光滑

【例】Sue glazed the pottery and waited for it to dry.

flare

[ˈflɛə] v. 闪耀（glare, shine）

【记】比较flame（火焰）

【例】A match flares in the darkness.

burnish

[ˈbəːniʃ] vt. 磨光，使光滑（polish）

【例】The craftsman burnished the brass plates until they glowed.

flicker

[ˈflikə] vt. 闪烁（flutter, waver）

【例】The candle flickered in the wind.

brighten

[ˈbraitn] vt. 使发光

【记】bright（光亮）＋en

【例】A little furniture polish will brighten that old table.

gleam

[ɡliːm] vt. 使闪光；闪烁（glimmer; flash）

【例】It shone with gold and gleamed with ivory.

extinguish

[iksˈtiŋɡwiʃ] vt. 熄灭

【例】John extinguished the campfire with water.

ablaze

[əˈbleiz] adj. 闪耀的（gleaming, glowing）

【记】a（加强）＋blaze（火焰）→闪耀的

twinkle

[ˈtwiŋkl] v. 闪烁，闪耀，（使）闪光

【例】The stars twinkled in the sky.

科学

tentative

[ˈtentətiv] adj. 试验性的（trial）

【记】tent＝test（测试）＋ative

【例】Tentative measures have been taken to settle these refugees.

mechanical

[miˈkænikl] adj. 机械的

exact

[iɡˈzækt] adj. 精确的，严格的（accurate, precise）

【例】By asking the student to repeat the exact words he had just said, the teacher proved himself an exact person.

theoretical

[θiəˈretikəl] adj. 理论的（academic）

precise

[priˈsais] adj. 周密的，精确的（accurate, exact）

trial

[ˈtraiəl] adj. 实验性的

specimen

[ˈspesimən] n. 标本，样品（sample, instance）

symbol

[ˈsimbl] n. 符号（emblem, token）

symbolic

[simˈbɔlik] adj. 象征的，符号的

precision

[priˈsiʒən] n. 精确，精密度（accuracy, exactness）

doctrine

[ˈdɔktrin] n. 学说（theory）

【例】How are the doctrines of the two churches different?

threshold

[ˈθreʃəuld] n. 阈值；门槛（doorsill）

expertise

[ˌekspəˈtiːz] n. 专门知识（know-how, special skill）

【记】expert（专家）＋ise→专家的知识

【例】Do you have the expertise required to tune the piano?

institute

[ˈinstitjuːt] n. （研究）所

invent

[inˈvent] v. 发明（create, originate）

【例】The inventor wanted to invent something that no one had thought of before.

dissect

[diˈsekt] vt. 详细研究（analyze）

【例】Bill dissected a small shark in anatomy class.

contrive

[kənˈtraiv] vt. 发明（invent）

【例】A group of scientists contrived a new synthetic plastic.

launch

[lɔːnʧ] vt. 发射，投射（send off）；推出

【例】My company launched a new insurance plan.

devise

[diˈvaiz] vt. 计划；发明（create, invent）

【例】The student devised an excuse to skip class without being caught.

gauge

[ɡeiʤ] vt. 精确计量（calculate, measure）

【例】Tom gauged the distance to the river to be about a mile.

accurate

[ˈækjurit] adj. 准确的，正确的（exact, correct）

【例】Your statements about the cost of the house were not accurate.

scale

[skeil] n. 规模；尺度；天平

【例】I'll be glad when I tip the scales at a few pounds less.

逻辑

logical

[ˈlɔʤikl] adj. 合逻辑的（reasonable）

therefore

[ˈðɛəfɔː] adv. 因此（thus, consequently, in result）

hence

[hens] adv. 因此，从此（as a result）

framework

[ˈfreimwəːk] n. 构架，框架（structure, skeleton）

hypothesis

[haiˈpɔθəsis] n. 假设（assumption）

【记】hypo（下，次）＋thesis（论点）→次论点→非正式论点→假设

assumption

[əˈsʌmpʃən] n. 假设（supposition; hypothesis）

【例】a valid assumption

presume

[priˈzuːm] vt. 假定，假设（suppose, imagine, assume）

【例】We cannot presume the existence of life on other planets.

presumption

[priˈzʌmpʃən] n. 推定；猜想（assumption, presupposition）

clue

[kluː] n. 线索（information）

【例】The police found a clue which will help them catch the robber.

generalize

[ˈʤenərəlaiz] v. 归纳，概括（summarize, outline）

【例】He generalized from the president's speech that the nation is not going to involve in the war.

incur

[inˈkəː] vt. 承担；遭遇；招致（arouse, provoke）

【记】in（进入）＋cur（跑）→跑进来→招致

【例】His arrogant attitude has incurred many people's discontent.

suppose

[səˈpəuz] vt. 假想，推测（think, speculate, imagine）

【例】Scientists supposed that large dinosaurs lived in swamps.

premise

[ˈpremis] vt. 提出前提 n. 前提（assumption, hypothesis）

【例】We must act on the premise that the worst can happen.

infer

[inˈfəː] vt. 推知（deduce, imply）

【记】in（进入）＋fer→带进（意义）→推断

【例】We can infer that his motive in publishing the diary was less than honorable.

demonstrate

[ˈdemənstreit] vt. 演示；论证

【例】The mechanic demonstrated how to change the car's oil.

时间

due

[djuː] adj. 到期的；预定的，约定的

【例】This bill was due two weeks ago, but I forgot to pay it/Their plane is due in 15 minutes.

cursory

[ˈkəːsəri] adj. 仓促的（hurried）

【记】curs（跑）＋ory

【例】The reviewer gave a cursory report about the uninteresting book.

perennial

[pəˈrenjəl] adj. 长久的，永远的（permanent, long-lasting, year-round）

【记】per（全部）＋enn（年）＋ial

chronic

[ˈkrɔnik] adj. 长期的；慢性的（recurring, periodic）

【记】chron（时间）＋ic→长时间的

【例】Mike said a chronic disease troubled John in his whole life.

lasting

[ˈlɑːstiŋ] adj. 持久的（enduring, long-term, continuing）

【记】last（持久）＋ing

everlasting

[ˌevəˈlɑːstiŋ] adj. 永恒的，持久的

hasty

[ˈheisti] adj. 匆忙的（rushed）

transitory

[ˈtrænzitəri] adj. 短暂的（temporary, momentary）

【记】trans（交换）＋it（走）＋ory→交换走，你走他来→短暂的

transient

[ˈtrænziənt] adj. 短暂的；过路的（temporary, short-term）

【例】He made a transient stay at the hotel.

obsolete

[ˌɔbsəˈliːt] adj. 过时的，偶然的（disused, outmoded）

【记】ob（不）＋solete（使用）→过时的

【例】This new computer rendered my old one obsolete.

extemporaneous

[eksˌtempəˈreinjəs] adj. 即席的（impromptu, improvised）

【记】ex＋tempor（时间）＋aneous→在安排时间之外→即席的

【例】I gave an extemporaneous lecture because the invited speaker was late.

urgent

[ˈəːʤənt] adj. 紧急的，迫切的（imperative）

【例】It is urgent that food and clothing be sent to the refugees.

pressing

[ˈpresiŋ] adj. 紧迫的（urgent）

immediate

[iˈmiːdiət] adj. 立即的（instant）

【记】im（无）＋medi（中间）＋ate→无中间休息→立刻的

forthright

[ˈfɔːθrait] adj. 立即的

【例】The critic gave the forthright criticism to the director of the film.

offhand

[ɔfˈhænd] adj. 临时的

【例】I gave an offhand guess that it's about three o'clock.

temporal

[ˈtempərəl] adj. 一时的；暂时的（transient, momentary）

【记】tempor（时间）＋al

temporary

[ˈtempərəri] adj. 临时的（momentary, make-do）

contemporary

[kənˈtempərəri] adj. 当代的，同时代的

impromptu

[imˈprɔmptjuː] adj. 临时的；即兴的（extempore, improvised）

【记】im（不）＋promptu（时间）→不在时间表内→临时的

【例】The pianist gave an impromptu performance at the party.

occasional

[əˈkeiʒənəl] adj. 临时的；偶然的

【例】The silence was broken by an occasional scream.

punctual

[ˈpʌŋkʧuəl] adj. 守时的

【记】punct（点）＋ual→卡着点的→守时的

【例】Mary is punctual; she would never be late for an appointment.

instantaneous

[ˌinstənˈteiniəs] adj. 瞬间的，即刻的（ephemeral）

【记】instant（马上）＋aneous→瞬间

subsequent

[ˈsʌbsikwənt] adj. 随后的，后来的（following, later）

【记】sub（下面）＋sequent（随着的）

【例】Subsequent events proved the man to be right.

current

[ˈkʌrənt] adj. 现今的（present）

【例】Recent reports will give the most current news about the accident./He reads the newspaper every day to know the current events.

concurrent

[kənˈkʌrənt] adj. 同时发生的（simultaneous）

【记】con＋current（发生）→同时发生

【例】There were several concurrent attempts to climb the mountain.

extant

[ˈekstænt] adj. 现存的（existing）

nocturnal

[nɔkˈtəːnl] adj. 夜间的（nighttime, nightly）

【记】noct（夜）＋urnal；比较diurnal（白天的）

【例】An owl is an nocturnal bird, while a sparrow is diurnal.

former

[ˈfɔːmə] adj. 以前的（ago, previous）

【例】My former students still kept in touch with me through e-mails.

formerly

[ˈfɔːməli] adv. 从前，原来（previously）

previous

[ˈpriːviəs] adj. 以前的（preceding, foregoing）

【记】pre（预先）＋vious

previously

[ˈpriːviəːsli] adv. 先前，以前（earlier, formerly）

eternal

[iˈtəːnl] adj. 永恒的（everlasting, perpetual）

【例】The bride and groom pledged their eternal love to each other.

permanent

[ˈpəːmənənt] adj. 永久的（constant, continuous）

【例】Anne took a permanent position with the law firm.

abiding

[əˈbaidiŋ] adj. 永久的，永恒的（enduring, lasting）

dated

[ˈdeitid] adj. 有年头的，陈旧的

【记】date（时间，日子）＋d

【例】The dated movie was still quite entertaining.

overdue

[ˌəuvəˈdjuː] adj. 逾期的（tardy, late）

【记】over（过）＋due（到期）→逾期

tentative

[ˈtentətiv] adj. 暂时的（temporary）

【例】Tentative measures have been taken to settle these refugees.

beforehand

[biˈfɔːhænd] adv. 事先地（in advance）

【例】Please make a reservation at the restaurant beforehand so we don't have to wait.

simultaneously

[ˌsimlˈteiniəsli] adv. 同时地（at the same time, concurrently）

【例】The two balls, big and little, hit the ground simultaneously.

recently

[ˈriːsntli] adv. 最近地（lately, currently）

lately

[ˈleitli] adv. 最近

duration

[djuəˈreiʃən] n. 持续时间，为期（length）

epoch

[ˈepək] n. 纪元；时代（age, era）

interlude

[ˈintəluːd] n. 间隔；插曲（interval; episode）

【记】inter（在…中间）＋lude（玩）→在中间玩→中间休息

era

[ˈiərə] n. 时代，时期（period, age）

schedule

[ˈskeʤul] n. 时间表；计划表（calendar, timetable）

juncture

[ˈʤʌŋkʧə] n. 时刻

session

[ˈseʃən] n. 一段时间；一次

【例】A very dehydrated man can not drink too much water at one session, or he will get himself killed through water intoxication.

elapse

[iˈlæps] vi. （时间）消逝（go by, pass）

【记】e（出）＋lapse（滑）→滑出去→时光流去

【例】Time elapsed slowly while I waited for the bus.

concur

[kənˈkəː] vi. 同时发生

【例】After hearing my point, Bill concurred with me.

improvise

[ˈimprəvaiz] vt. 即席而作（extemporize）

【记】im（不）＋pro（前）＋vise（看）→没有预先看过→即席而作

【例】The actors improvised a scene based on an audience's suggestion.

synchronize

[ˈsiŋkrənaiz] vt. 同时发生（concur）

【记】syn（共同）＋chron（时间）＋ize→同时

【例】They synchronized their steps.

abruptly

[əˈbrʌptli] adv. 突然地，唐突地（suddenly）

水相关动作

itinerant

[aiˈtinərənt] adj. 巡回的（travelling）；流动的

【记】itiner（走）＋ant→走来走去的→巡回的

【例】The itinerant preacher has been travelling around Europe for decades.

flow

[fləu] n. 流程，流动（circulation） v. 流动（travel）

influx

[ˈinflʌks] n. 流入；灌输

【记】in（进入）＋flux（流入）→涌入

spray

[sprei] n./v. 喷雾（sprinkle, shower）

【例】John sprayed insecticide on the plants.

drift

[drift] n./v. 漂流（move aimlessly）

【例】The piece of wood was drifting down the river.

fluctuate

[ˈflʌkʧueit] v. 波动（waver, alternate, move up and down）

【记】fluct＝flu（流动）＋uate

【例】The stock prices fluctuated wildly.

splash

[splæʃ] v. 溅，泼（sprinkle）

【例】The splashing turbulence when glaciers broke into the ocean constitutes a spectacle.

dip

[dip] v. 浸，蘸，沾（immerse in）

【例】She dipped her finger into the liquid and tasted it.

spurt

[spəːt] v. 喷出，涌出（burst, squirt）

【例】The sea cucumber can spurt out its internal organ when in seeds.

spout

[spaut] v. 喷出，涌出（gush, spurt）

【例】Blood spouted out from the wound.

meander

[miˈændə] v. 蜿蜒而流（wind, zigzag）

【例】The river meanders through the mountain to the east.

gush

[ɡʌʃ] vi. 涌出（effuse）

【例】Blood gushed out from his deep cut.

immerse

[iˈməːs] vt. 沉浸

【记】im（进）＋merse（沉）→沉进去→沉浸

【例】I immersed myself in the hot bath and relaxed.

overflow

[ˌəuvəˈfləu] vt. 从…中溢出（surplus, excess）

【记】over（过）＋flow（流）→流出

【例】The lake overflowed till all the villages in the neighbourhood were awash.

infuse

[inˈfjuːz] vt. 灌输（imbue, instill）；浸渍

【记】in（进入）＋fuse（流）→注入

【例】The leader's speech infused new energy into the workers.

submerge

[səbˈməːʤ] vt. 浸没，淹没；vi. 潜水

【记】sub（下面）＋merge（沉）→沉到下面→淹没

【例】I submerged my head in the water completely. /The submaine submerged to avoid enemy ships.

imbue

[imˈbjuː] vt. 浸染；灌输（permeate）

【例】The child was imbued with heroism since his father was a retired war hero.

saturate

[ˈsæʧəreit] vt. 浸透（soak, imbue）

【例】His shoes were saturated after the rain.

exude

[iɡˈzjuːd] vt. 渗出；流出（discharge）

【记】ex＋(s)ude（出汗）→渗出

【例】The runner exuded sweat.

permeate

[ˈpəːmieit] vt. 渗透；透过（penetrate, pervade）

【记】per（全部）＋mea（通过）＋te→渗透

【例】Nasty water from the flood permeated our carpeting.

dampen

[ˈdæmpən] vt. 使潮湿，给…泼冷水（wet）

【例】Dampen a cloth for your forehead to make your headache go away./I don't want to dampen your enthusiasm, but take it easy!

moisten

[ˈmɔisn] vt. 使湿润

【例】The dew moistened the meadows.

物体

article

[ˈɑːtikl] n. 物品

【例】article reserves 物品储存

craft

[kræft] n. 船（单复数相同）（vessel）

【记】craftsman（手艺人）

【例】Craft of all kinds come to this seaport.

vessel

[ˈvesl] n. 器皿，导管，船（ship）

girdle

[ˈɡəːdl] n. 带状物；带，腰带（waistband）

【记】gird（束腰）＋le

canvas

[ˈkænvəs] n. 帆布

【例】The tent was made of waterproof canvas.

stick

[stik] n. 棍，棒

【例】a walking sticky

souvenir

[ˈsuːvəniə] n. 纪念品（reminder）

【例】The couple bought a souvenir of their honeymoon in Florida.

board

[bɔːd] n. 木板

screen

[skriːn] n. 屏幕

【例】Security guards formed a screen around the President.

container

[kənˈteinə] n. 容器（receptacle, vessel）

【例】The perfume was in a beautiful glass container.

entity

[ˈentiti] n. 实体

【例】Your company and my company are separate business entities.

spur

[spəː] n. 踢马刺

leash

[liːʃ] n. 牵狗的皮带；控制

【例】I managed to hold my anger in leash.

strip

[strip] n. 条，带

【例】a strip of paper; strips of beef

band

[bænd] n. 条；带（stripe）

hinge

[hinʤ] n. 铰链（joint, pivot）

ledge

[leʤ] n. 突出物；壁架

【记】联想“l”加edge（边）

bulk

[bʌlk] n. 物体

【例】Dave placed his great bulk on the tiny chair, and it broke.

varnish

[ˈvɑːniʃ] n. 油漆（gloss, polish）

tug

[tʌɡ] n. 拖船

效果

null

[nʌl] adj. 无效的（invalid, void）

valid

[ˈvælid] adj. 有效的（soundly based, acceptable）

【例】A traveler's passport is valid within 6 months.

invalid

[ˈinvælid] adj. 无效的（void）

【记】in（不）＋valid（有效的）

effect

[iˈfekt] n. 效果；印象（result; impression）

【记】ef（出）＋fect（做）→做出来→生效，效果

【例】What will the effect be on the twins if they are separated?

effective

[iˈfektiv] adj. 有效的；有影响的（valid; resultful）

【记】effect（效果）＋ive

【例】The effective politician cut waste from the budget.

efficient

[iˈfiʃənt] adj. 有效率的（effective, competent）

【记】ef（出）＋fic（做）＋ient→能做出事来→有效率的

【例】The financial analyst found efficient ways for the company to save money.

outcome

[ˈautkʌm] n. 后果；成果（result, consequence）

【记】来自come out（结果是）

impotence

[ˈimpətəns] n. 无效

【记】im（无）＋potence（能力）→无能

原因

gratuitous

[ɡrəˈtjuitəs] adj. 无理由的

【例】Her gratuitous performance is not expected by the producer.

source

[sɔːs] n. 来源，源头（beginning, origin）

account

[əˈkaunt] n. 原因

【例】On no account can we ignore the value of knowledge.

reason

[ˈriːzn] n. 原因 v. 推论（deduce）

sake

[seik] n. 缘故，原因（reason）

【例】He would do anything for money's sake.

cause

[kɔːz] vt. 导致 n. 原因（reason）

【例】The heavy rain was the cause of the flood.

impute

[imˈpjuːt] vt. 归咎于（ascribe, attribute）

【记】比较put（放，归于）

【例】I impute his failure to laziness.

attribute

[əˈtribjuːt] vt. 归因于（accredit, ascribe）

【例】The discovery of electricity is attributed to Benjamin Franklin.

整体与局部

superficial

[ˌsjuːpəˈfiʃəl] adj. 表面的，肤浅的（seeming, apparent）

【记】super（上面）＋fic（做）＋ial→表面的

【例】Susan prefers deep thinkers to people who are superficial.

partial

[ˈpɑːʃəl] adj. 部分的（fractional, part）

【记】part（部分）＋ial

partially

[ˈpɑːʃəli] adv. 部分地

overall

[ˈəuvərɔːl] adj. 全部的，全面的（general）

integral

[ˈintiɡrəl] adj. 组成的；整的（complete, full）

【记】integr（完整）＋al

integrate

[ˈintiɡreit] vt. 使结合，使并入（combine, join）

【例】Quality training was integrated into your basic courses through newcomers.

integrity

[inˈteɡriti] n. 完整性（congruity）

seemingly

[ˈsiːmiŋli] adv. 表面上，似乎（apparently）

【例】The seemingly occasional accident is actually purposely designed.

portion

[ˈpɔːʃən] n. 一部分（part, fraction）

【例】Mary decorated her portion of the office.

proportion

[prəˈpɔːʃən] n. 比例；部分（percentage, ration）

【记】比较portion（部分）

segment

[ˈseɡmənt] n. 部分；片段（part, section, portion, sector）

【例】The Cultural Revolution in fact affected every segment of the nation.

facet

[ˈfæsit] n. 方面（aspect）

【例】The teacher carefully explained each facet of the theory.

aspect

[ˈæspekt] n. 方面（facet）

【记】a＋spect（看）→看上去的样子→外观

【例】I asked my lawyer to explain the legal aspects of the problem.

juncture

[ˈʤʌŋkʧə] n. 结合点（junction, joining）

junction

[ˈʤʌŋkʃən] n. 连接，汇合处

【记】junct（连接）＋ion

【例】We meet at the junction of U. S. and Canada.

fraction

[ˈfrækʃən] n. 片断（part, bit）

【记】fract（碎裂）＋ion

respect

[risˈpekt] n. 着眼点，方面（aspect）

【例】David is an excellent teacher in all respects.

component

[kəmˈpəunənt] n. 组成部分（constituent, ingredient）

【例】An essay question is one component of the test.

system

[ˈsistəm] n. 系统，体系

Better to light one candle than to curse the darkness.

—Strong

与其诅咒黑暗，不如燃起蜡烛。

——斯特郎

连　线　题

左列单词在右列中有一个或多个同义词，请画线连接。

（一）

（二）

（三）

连线题答案

（一）

（二）

（三）

Word List 30

现　实

记忆小贴士：联想记忆法

“联想是钓钩，在茫茫的艺海中，它能准确地钩住你所识记的事物。”联想越丰富，越多彩，记忆的艺术也就越高超。

犯罪

deceit

[diˈsiːt] n. 欺骗，欺诈（cheat, fraud）

【例】No one trusts John because they know of his deceit.

deceitful

[diˈsiːtful] adj. 欺骗的（sly, dishonest）

【例】The deceitful merchant's store was closed by the government.

deceive

[diˈsiːv] vt. 欺骗，行骗

【例】Mary deceived the interviewer about her past experience.

deceptive

[diˈseptiv] adj. 虚伪的，骗人的（deceitful, misleading.）

【例】Many customers were angered by the deceptive ads.

gangster

[ˈɡæŋstə] n. 暴徒，歹徒（mobster, hoodlum）

fraud

[frɔːd] n. 欺骗（fault, deception）

【例】Never try to get money by fraud.

fraudulent

[ˈfrɔːʤələnt] adj. 欺诈的，不诚实的（deceitful, dishonest）

homicide

[ˈhɔmisaid] n. 杀人（slaughter）

theft

[θeft] n. 偷窃（stealing）

pilferage

[ˈpilfəriʤ] n. 偷窃（stealing）

【记】pilfer（偷）＋age

counterfeit

[ˈkauntəfit] n. 赝品 adj. 伪造的，假冒的（fake, sham）

【例】This counterfeit money is obviously an imitation.

conspire

[kənˈspaiə] vi. 阴谋，密谋（intrigue, plot）

【例】The bank tellers conspired to rob the bank.

conspiracy

[kənˈspirəsi] n. 阴谋（plot）

【例】The police officer uncovered a conspiracy to assassinate the President.

sin

[sin] n. 罪过，过失

brew

[bruː] v. 酿造；图谋（ferment, plot）

【例】We could tell by the clouds that a storm was brewing.

beguile

[biˈɡail] vi. 欺骗（deceive）

【记】be＋guile（欺诈）

【例】He beguiled the voters with his good looks.

despoil

[disˈpɔil] vt. 抢劫（rob）

【例】The region is despoiled of its scenic beauty by unchecked development.

forge

[fɔːʤ] vt. 伪造（feign, fabricate）

【例】The gangsters think the best way they could get money is to forge them in their own factory.

assassinate

[əˈsæsineit] vt. 暗杀，行刺

【例】A horrible war began when the terrorist assassinated a government official.

kidnap

[ˈkidnæp] vt. 绑架（abduct）

【记】kid（小孩）＋nap（睡）→（小孩睡时被）绑架

【例】Two businessmen have been kidnapped.

embezzle

[emˈbezl] vt. 盗用（公款；公物）（misappropriate）

【例】Two employees planned to embezzle a million dollars over a period of years.

extort

[eksˈtɔːt] vt. 勒索，强索（extract, squeeze）

【记】ex＋tort（扭）→扭出来→强索

【例】A blackmailer extorted thousands of dollars from the millionaire.

blackmail

[ˈblækmeil] vt. 勒索

【记】black（黑）＋mail（信）

【例】The gangsters who knew of Bill's past crimes tried to blackmail him.

delude

[diˈluːd] vt. 欺骗，迷惑（beguile, deceive, hoax）

【记】de（坏）＋lude（玩）→使坏→欺骗

【例】That playboy often deludes his girl with empty promises.

defraud

[diˈfrɔːd] vt. 欺诈（deceive, beguile, cheat）

【记】de＋fraud（欺诈）

【例】The tax accountant defrauded the government.

fabricate

[ˈfæbrikeit] vt. 伪造（forge, coin）

【记】fabric（结构）＋ate→使出现结构→伪造

【例】Jane fabricated the story that she was late because she was caught in traffic.

purge

[pəːʤ] vt. 洗涤（罪等）

【记】比较pure（纯的）

【例】The old tycoon did a lot of good deeds to purge away his sins.

belie

[biˈlai] vt. 掩饰（conceal, cover up）

【记】be＋lie（谎言）

【例】He spoke roughly in order to belie his air of gentility.

trap

[træp] vt. 诱捕，陷害 n. 陷阱（entrap）

【例】The general was trapped and sentenced to death.

accomplice

[əˈkɔmplis] n. 从犯（accessory）

【记】ac＋com（共同）＋plic（做）＋e→一起干→同谋

【例】Bill and his accomplice Max were arrested last week.

abduct

[æbˈdʌkt] vt. 绑架，诱拐（kidnap）

【记】ab＋duct（引导）→把人带走→绑架

【例】The police think the boy has been abducted.

福气

convenient

[kənˈviːnjənt] adj. 便利的，方便的

【例】Tom picked a convenient time to come for a visit.

grateful

[ˈɡreitful] adj. 感谢的（thankful）

【记】grate（高兴）＋ful（多）

【例】He can't help being grateful for his parents who brought him up in the war.

gratitude

[ˈɡrætitjuːd] n. 感谢，感激

【记】grat（满意）＋itude

auspicious

[ɔːsˈpiʃəs] adj. 吉兆的，幸运的（promising, favorable）

【例】Spring is an auspicious time to begin new activities.

cozy

[ˈkəuzi] adj. 舒适的（comfortable, snug）

【例】Sitting in front of a fire on a snowy day is quite cozy.

fortunate

[ˈfɔːʧənit] adj. 幸运的（lucky）

【记】fortun(e)（财富）＋ate→发财→幸运的

readily

[ˈredili] adv. 容易地（easily, quickly）

boon

[buːn] n. 恩惠（blessing, benefit）

【例】Having a parent who is a teacher is a real boon to the kids.

bonanza

[bəˈnænzə] n. 幸运

【例】Winning the lottery was a bonanza for the Browns.

blessing

[ˈblesiŋ] n. 祝福

【例】Mary gave a blessing before dinner.

thrive

[θraiv] vi. 繁荣，旺盛（flourish, do well on）

【例】The wild deer that throve here are no more visible due to deforestation.

工具使用

furrow

[ˈfʌrəu] vt. 犁，耕，弄绉

【例】The farmers furrow the soil before seeding.

instrument

[ˈinstrumənt] n. 工具

【例】Flute, piano and violin are all musical instruments.

implement

[ˈimplimənt] n. 工具（device, instrument, facility）

tool

[tuːl] n. 工具，用具（instrument）

shaft

[ʃæft] n. 轴，柄（handle, pole）

pump

[pʌmp] n. 水泵 v. 抽，吸（drive）

snap

[snæp] v. （使）猛然断裂（break）

【例】My shoelace snapped when I pulled it too tightly.

squeeze

[skwiːz] v. 挤（cram, press）

【例】Anne squeezed the oranges to make orange juice.

prune

[pruːn] v. 剪修（shear, trim）

【例】He is pruning the branches of the tree in the garden.

glaze

[ˈɡleiz] v. 上釉 n. 釉

【例】Sue glazed the pottery and waited for it to dry.

tug

[tʌɡ] v. 拖，牵引（pull, haul）

【例】The child tugged at my hand to make me go with her.

fix

[fiks] v. 修理（repair）

【例】You've forgotten to fix that shelf.

maintain

[meinˈtein] vt. 维修（repair）

extract

[iksˈtrækt] vt. 拔出，榨取（remove）

【例】The research team undertakes the responsibility to extract samples from the sediments.

flay

[flei] vt. 剥…的皮

【例】He flayed a dead dog.

flush

[flʌʃ] vt. 冲洗（flow, pour）

【记】比较blush（脸红）

【例】Flush the toilet after you use it.

clinch

[klinʧ] vt. 钉牢，揪住

【例】Barca shut out Milan to clinch final place.

gild

[ɡild] vt. 镀金

【例】She was gilding the lily by attaching something unnecessary to the new car.

scratch

[skræʧ] vt. 刮擦 n. 划痕（rub）

【例】The cat scratched the piano leg with its claws.

clip

[klip] vt. 夹住，修剪（cut, shear） n. 夹子，钳子

【例】Mary clipped a few roses off from the bushes.

clamp

[klæmp] vt. 夹

【例】I glued and clamped the broken plate.

hew

[hjuː] vt. 砍，伐；削（cut, chop）

【例】They hewed a path through the underbrush.

rap

[ræp] vt. 敲击（tap, knock）

【例】The angry man rapped the table with his fist.

cleanse

[klenz] vt. 使清洁（clean, purify）

【例】The nurse cleansed the wound before sewing it up.

rend

[rend] vt. 撕开（tear）；揪扯

【例】The cruel enemies rent the child away from his mother.

cram

[kræm] vt. 填塞

【例】I crammed as many clothes as I could into the suitcase.

smear

[smiə] vt. 涂

【例】The politician was smeared by his opponent's accusations.

efface

[iˈfeis] vt. 涂抹（obliterate）

【例】Weathering has effaced the inscription on the tombstone so that people cannot read it.

remove

[riˈmuːv] vt. 移动，搬开；脱掉

【记】re（再次）＋move（动）→移动

【例】Please remove the dishes from the table.

forge

[fɔːʤ] vt. 铸造（make）

【例】forge coins

tow

[təu] vt./n. 拖引，牵引（pull, haul）

【例】The idea to tow icebergs to arid regions seemed impractical at first.

incise

[inˈsaiz] vt. 切割，切开（cut）

【例】The carpenter incised the tablet with chisels.

chop

[ʧɔp] vt. 砍（cut, hew）

【例】Anne chopped the logs in two with an axe.

harrow

[ˈhærəu] vt. 耙掘

【例】He harrowed the land every day.

pick

[pik] v. 摘，掘，凿，挖，挑选

【例】The lawyer picked the testimony apart.

shovel

[ʃʌvl] n. 铲，铁铲 v. 铲

sickle

[ˈsikl] n. 镰刀

spade

[speid] n. 铲，铁锹 v. 铲

bore

[bɔː] v. 钻孔

工作

hectic

[ˈhektik] adj. 忙碌的（busy）

【记】hect（许多）＋ic→许多事要做→紧张兴奋的

【例】Being a sales manager, Tom is always so hectic that his wife can only see him once a week.

officially

[əˈfiʃəli] adv. 职务上；正式地（formally）

【例】He was officially appointed Chairman of the committee.

entry

[ˈentri] n. 登记；入口

【例】There is a back entry into the house.

role

[rəul] n. 任务

log

[lɔɡ] n. 日志（journal）

draft

[drɑːft] n. 草案 v. 起草，设计（formulate, draw up）

sketch

[skeʧ] n. 草图（drawing, chart） v. 勾画（compose, outline）

【例】He sketched out a plan for his inferiors to execute.

assumption

[əˈsʌmpʃən] n. 就职

【例】The vice president's assumption of the presidency occurred as the president died.

drudgery

[ˈdrʌʤəri] n. 苦差事（tedium）

chore

[ʧɔː] n. 零工，杂务

【例】Doing laundry at the laundromat is a real chore.

undertaking

[ˌʌndəˈteikiŋ] n. 任务，工作（endeavor, enterprise）

task

[tɑːsk] n. 任务，作业（chore, duty, job）

career

[kəˈriə] n. 生涯，职业（profession, pursuit, vocation）

【例】Bill trained for years for his career.

audition

[ɔːˈdiʃən] n. 试听；面试

【记】audi（听）＋ion

【例】Jane did so well at her audition that she was cast in the movie.

vocation

[vəuˈkeiʃən] n. 职业，行业（occupation, profession）

charge

[ʧɑːʤ] n. 职责

【例】You are in charge of making the salad.

major

[ˈmeiʤə] n. 专业

resign

[riˈzain] n./v. 辞职（give up）

【例】Being so depressed, he resigned from a board of directors.

solicit

[səˈlisit] v. 拉客

【例】Bob was almost arrested for soliciting in an apartment building.

register

[ˈreʤistə] vt. 登记（enroll, enlist）

【例】It is for the historian to discover and register what actually happened.

inaugurate

[iˈnɔːɡjureit] vt. 开始（commence, initiate）；使就职

【记】in（进入）＋augur（开始）＋ate

【例】He will be inaugurated as president in January.

promote

[prəˈməut] vt. 升职；促进

【记】pro（前）＋mote（动）→促进

【例】You're so happy. Are you promoted? /The go-between tried to promote relationship between the boy and the girl.

officeholding

[ˈɔfisˌhəuldiŋ] n. 任职

供给

provide

[prəˈvaid] vt. 提供（supply, furnish, give）

【例】She provides for her family by working in a hospital.

provision

[prəˈviʒən] n. 供应（supply, furnishing）

accommodate

[əˈkɔmədeit] vt. 供给住宿

【例】This hotel can accommodate 600 guests.

furnish

[ˈfəːniʃ] vt. 供应，供给（equip, supply, provide）

【例】The room was furnished with the simplest essentials, a bed, a chair, and a table.

render

[ˈrendə] vt. 提供（provide）

【例】The passengers are not satisfied with the service rendered by the driver.

关系

incompatible

[ˌinkəmˈpætəbl] adj. 不兼容的（inconsistent, incongruous）

【记】in（不）＋compatible（和谐的，融合的）

congruity

[kɔŋˈɡruːiti] n. 一致，协调

【记】con＋gru＝agree（同意）＋ity

incongruity

[ˌinkɔŋˈɡruːiti] n. 不和谐（之物）

incongruous

[inˈkɔŋɡruəs] adj. 不协调的（inconsistent）

【记】in（不）＋congruous（和谐的）

【例】It is incongruous to insert a dogfood ads into such a serious political report.

respective

[riˈspektiv] adj. 分别的，各自的（individual）

【例】The applicants received respective interviews.

close

[kləuz] adj. 亲密的 adv. 紧密地

【例】Lily is a close friend of my brother.

mutual

[ˈmjuːtjuəl] adj. 相互的；共同的（reciprocal; joint）

【记】mut（变化）＋ual→你变我也变→相互的

【例】We signed the contract based on mutual benefit.

concerted

[kənˈsəːtid] adj. 协定的；协调的（unisonous）

【例】The team made a concerted effort to win the game.

fraternal

[frəˈtəːnl] adj. 兄弟的，兄弟般的；友爱的（brotherly; cordial）

【记】fratern（兄弟）＋al

【例】They fought side by side, and developed fraternal love to each other.

dependent

[diˈpendənt] adj. 依靠的，依赖的

congenial

[kənˈʤiːnjəl] adj. 意气相投的（compatible, agreeable, pleasant, pleasing）

【例】The Smiths are very congenial and accepting of others.

relevant

[ˈreləvənt] adj. 有关的；贴切的（related, pertinent）

【例】What you say is not relevant with the matter in hand.

bond

[bɔnd] n. 联结，联系（tie, link）

【例】Glue acted as a strong bond between the layers of cardboard.

complement

[ˈkɔmplimənt] n. 补足物 vt. 补足

【记】比较complete（完整的）

complementary

[ˌkɔmpliˈmentəri] adj. 补充的（supplementary, subsidiary）

【例】The green sweater is complementary to Bill's trousers.

discord

[ˈdiskɔːd] n. 不和谐（disharmony, disagreement）

【记】dis＋cord（和谐）

【例】The modern symphony was filled with discord and strange rhythms.

association

[əˌsəuʃiˈeiʃən] n. 关联（relationship）

【例】The dog made an association between hearing a bell and receiving food.

associate

[əˈsəuʃieit] v. 联合（unite, combine） n. 伙伴（partner）

【例】I do not associate with people who use vulgar language.

cooperation

[kəuˌɔpəˈreiʃən] n. 合作

【记】co＋operation（操作）→一起做→合作

【例】Without everyone's cooperation, we will fail.

fusion

[ˈfjuːʒən] n. 联合（association）

intimate

[ˈintimit] adj. 亲密的 vt. 暗示

【例】"Intimate friend" was usually used as written form of "close friend", which is more popular in oral English.

intimacy

[ˈintiməsi] n. 熟悉；亲近（proximity）

【记】intim（内部）＋acy→内部的→熟悉

substitute

[ˈsʌbstitjuːt] n. 替代品 v. 替代（replacement; replace）

【例】Fantasies are more than substitutes for unpleasant reality.

consensus

[kənˈsensəs] n. 一致（unanimity）

【例】The school board could not reach a consensus on the curriculum.

concurrence

[kənˈkʌrəns] n. 一致

impact

[ˈimpækt] n. 影响，作用（collision, force） v. 对…发生影响

【例】The Cultural Revolution greatly impacted many Chinese families.

link

[liŋk] n./v. 链接（connect）

proximity

[prɔkˈsimiti] n. 接近，邻近（nearness）

【记】proxim（接近）＋ity

【例】He look around the proximity for his lost dog.

band

[bænd] v. 联合，结合（form, group）

【例】We must band ourselves against natural calamities despite the disputes on the working plan.

collaborate

[kəˈlæbəreit] vi. 合作（cooperate, work together）

【记】col（共同）＋labor（劳动）＋ate→共同劳动→合作

【例】The prisoners collaborated to plan the escape.

hinge

[hinʤ] vi. 依…而定（depend, rely）

【例】This plan hinges on her approval.

replenish

[riˈpleniʃ] vt. 补充（fill up, refill）

【记】re（重新）＋plen＝plenty（多）＋ish→重新变多→补充

【例】The music will replenish my weary soul.

supplant

[səˈplænt] vt. 排挤；取代（replace）

【例】The ambitious duke plotted to supplant the king.

implicate

[ˈimplikeit] vt. 牵连（involve）

【例】The mayor was implicated in the murder.

displace

[disˈpleis] vt. 取代（replace; substitute）

【记】dis＋place（位置）→取代（位置）

【例】My computer has displaced my old typewriter.

supersede

[ˌsjuːpəˈsiːd] vt. 替代（replace, substitute）

【记】super（上面）＋sede（坐）→坐上→替代

【例】The use of robots will someday supersede manual labor.

correlate

[ˈkɔrileit] vt. 相关联（associate, relate）

【记】cor＋relate（关联）

【例】The scientist could not correlate the data with his hypothesis.

grant

[ɡrɑːnt] vt. 赠予（award, give）

【例】He was granted a pension.

subsidiary

[səbˈsidjəri] adj. 辅助的；附属的（supplementary）

【记】sub（下面）＋sidi（坐）＋ary→坐在下面辅助的

【例】The corporation has many subsidiarg companies.

affinity

[əˈfiniti] n. 密切关系（liking）

【记】af（一再）＋fin（范围）＋ity→一再能进别人范围→亲密

【例】There is a close affinity between apes and monkeys. /Mary's affinity for classical music accounts for her large collection of recordings.

fitting

[ˈfitiŋ] adj. 适合的，相称的

【记】fit（合适）＋ting

【例】It is a fitting gesture to offer a reward to someone who returns something you have lost.

sway

[swei] v. 影响（persuade）

【例】His speech swayed the voters.

affect

[əˈfekt] vt. 影响，感动（influence, impress）

【记】af（使）＋fect（做）→使人做→影响

【例】Did the blunder affect your promotion?

derivative

[diˈrivətiv] n. 派生的事物

patronage

[ˈpætrəniʤ] n. 保护人的身份，保护，赞助，光顾

unionization

[juːnjənaiˈzeiʃən] n. 联合，结合

建筑

haven

[ˈheivn] n. 港口；避难所（shelter, refuge）

【记】比较heaven（天堂，天空）

refuge

[ˈrefjuːʤ] n. 避难所（shelter, protection）

【记】re（回）＋fuge（逃）→逃回去的（地方）→避难所

depot

[ˈdiːpəu] n. 仓库 vt. 把…存放在仓库里（house, contain）

auditorium

[ˌɔːdiˈtɔːriəm] n. 大礼堂

【记】audi（听）＋t＋orium（名词字尾，表示场所、地点）

【例】The new auditorium had velvet seats.

vault

[vɔːlt] n. 拱形圆屋顶；地窖

block

[blɔk] n. 街区

【例】We know all the neighbors on our block.

stall

[stɔːl] n. 厩；摊位（stable, barn）

dormitory

[ˈdɔːmitəri] n. 宿舍

【例】The prison dormitory is heavily guarded.

tower

[ˈtauə] n. 塔 v. 屹立，高耸

【例】The skyscraper towered among the city.

dwelling

[ˈdweliŋ] n. 住所（residence, shelter, accommodation）

【例】A dormitory is the typical dwelling of a college student.

forge

[fɔːʤ] n. 铁匠铺

canopy

[ˈkænəpi] n. 天篷，遮篷

困难

laborious

[ləˈbɔːriəs] adj. 费力的，艰难的（arduous, painstaking）

【记】labor（劳动）＋ious（的）→劳动的，苦的

【例】Anne received a raise for her laborious efforts.

precipitous

[priˈsipitəs] adj. 陡峭的，急躁的（sheer, extremely steep）

devious

[ˈdiːvjəs] adj. 曲折的（circuitous）

【例】The teacher gave us a devious explanation at first which confused us for a long time.

arduous

[ˈɑːdjuəs] adj. 险峻的，困难的（difficult, strenuous, laborious, back-breaking）

【记】ardu（高，险）＋ous

【例】The preparation for GRE is as long and as arduous work for a normal undergraduate.

strenuous

[ˈstrenjuəs] adj. 辛苦的（energetic, laborious）

【例】It is really a strenuous job to get well prepared for a GRE test.

plight

[plait] n. （恶劣的）情势，困境（predicament, dilemma）

【例】I cried when I heard of the refugees' plight.

strait

[streit] n. 困难

painstaking

[ˈpeinzteikiŋ] n. 辛劳 adj. 劳苦的（careful, scrupulous）

【记】pains（痛苦）＋taking（花，费）→付出痛苦的→劳苦的

dilemma

[diˈlemə] n. 左右为难，困境

【例】I have the dilemma of choosing a new car or a new computer.

flounder

[ˈflaundə] vi. 挣扎

【记】另一个意思是“比目鱼”

【例】The economy in southeast Asian continues to flounder.

embarrass

[emˈbærəs] vt. 使困窘

【例】Anne's older brother tried to embarrass her in front of her friends.

流行

fashionable

[ˈfæʃənəbl] adj. 流行的，时髦的（popular）

【记】fashion（时髦）＋able

prevail

[priˈveil] vi. 流行，盛行（dominate）

prevalent

[ˈprevələnt] adj. 普遍的，流行的（prevailing, widespread, popular）

tide

[taid] n. 潮流

vogue

[vəuɡ] n. 流行（fashion）

novelty

[ˈnɔvəlti] n. 新颖；新奇的事物（newness, unusualness）

【记】novel（新）＋ty

名誉

gorgeous

[ˈɡɔːʤəs] adj. 极好的

【记】参考gorge（峡谷）

【例】The flower appears a gorgeous shape under the sun.

outstanding

[autˈstændiŋ] adj. 杰出的

【记】来自stand out（醒目，突出）

obscure

[əbˈskjuə] adj. 无名气的（unknown, inconspicuous）

【例】Jude, the obscure, was not treated as a celebrity in the banquet.

immortal

[iˈmɔːtl] adj. 不朽的（undying, everlasting）

【记】im（不）＋mort（死）＋al

notorious

[nəuˈtɔːriəs] adj. 臭名昭著的（infamous）

【记】not（知道）＋orious（多）→臭名昭著的

【例】Bill is a notorious loudmouth.

infamous

[ˈinfəməs] adj. 臭名昭著的（notorious, disgraceful）

【记】in（不）＋famous（著名的）

【例】My teacher is infamous for giving a great bulk of assignments.

legendary

[ˈleʤəndəri] adj. 传奇的（renowned, famed）

【记】legend（传奇）＋ary

glorious

[ˈɡlɔːriəs] adj. 光荣的

illustrious

[iˈlʌstriəs] adj. 辉煌的；著名的（famous, distinguished）

【记】il（一再）＋lustr（光）＋ious→一再光明→辉煌的

eminent

[ˈeminənt] adj. 杰出的（outstanding, distinguished）

【记】e（出）＋min（伸）＋ent→伸出的→突出的

【例】The eminent poet won numerous awards.

deferential

[ˌdefəˈrenʃəl] adj. 充满敬意的（respectful, dutiful）

【例】A teacher should not act too deferential to the students.

exemplary

[iɡˈzempləri] adj. 模范的，典范的

【例】The principal rewarded Susan for her exemplary performance in school.

matchless

[ˈmæʧlis] adj. 无与伦比的（unbeatable, incomparable）

【记】match（相配的）＋less

excel

[ikˈsel] v. 优秀，胜过他人（superior, surpass, exceed）

【例】Being a leader does not mean you should excel in everything; your talent lies in being able to manage the right persons.

excellent

[ˈeksələnt] adj. 优秀的，杰出的（outstanding, preeminent）

compliment

[ˈkɔmplimənt] (praise, commend) vt. 赞美，祝贺

【例】The artist received many compliments on her paintings.

complimentary

[ˌkɔmpliˈmentəri] adj. 赞美的（praising）

【例】The professor rarely makes complimentary remarks to students.

renowned

[riˈnaund] adj. 知名的（acclaimed, distinguished, famous）

【记】re（重新）＋nown（名字）＋ed→名字一再出现→知名的

laudable

[ˈlɔːdəbl] adj. 值得赞美的（praiseworthy, commendable）

supreme

[sjuːˈpriːm] adj. 至高的（highest, greatest）

【例】The supreme ruler ordered the execution of his enemies.

celebrate

[ˈselibreit] vt. 赞扬，表扬（praise）

【例】The names of many heroes are celebrated by the poets.

celebrated

[ˈselibreitid] adj. 著名的（distinguished, famous）

notable

[ˈnəutəbl] adj. 著名的，显要的（distinguished, celebrated）

【记】not（知道）＋able→大家都知道的→著名的

【例】One of our most notable poets won a Nobel Prize.

noted

[ˈnəutid] adj. 著名的，知名的（distinguished, celebrated）

exceptional

[ikˈsepʃənl] adj. 卓越的（extraordinary）

【例】The exceptional tennis player won the championship.

preeminent

[priːˈeminənt] adj. 卓越的（prominent, outstanding）

【记】pre（前）＋eminent（突出的）→向前突出→杰出的

prominent

[ˈprɔminənt] adj. 卓越的，突出的（conspicuous, protruding）

【记】pro（前）＋minent（伸）→突出的

【例】The prominent politician made an appeal to end the war.

dignify

[ˈdiɡnifai] vt. 使尊荣，使显贵（ennoble, elevate）

【例】The president dignified the gathering by giving a short speech.

dignified

[ˈdiɡnifaid] adj. 尊严的；高贵的（noble）

【例】Bob gave a dignified response to the insult.

dignity

[ˈdiɡniti] n. 尊严

【例】The black robes of a judge give a look of dignity.

lofty

[ˈlɔfti] adj. 高尚的

【记】loft（阁楼，顶楼）＋y

【例】He has lofty ideals about life.

odor

[ˈəudə] n. 名声（fame）

【例】The scholar's doctrine is not currently in good odor.

credit

[ˈkredit] n. 信誉（trust, credence）

【例】I could not get a loan from the bank because my credit was bad.

feat

[fiːt] n. 功绩，壮举（achievement, accomplishment）

homage

[ˈhɔmiʤ] n. 敬意（respect, reverence）

【记】hom（人）＋age→把对方当人看

deference

[ˈdefərəns] n. 敬意

【记】defer（服从，敬意）＋ence

【例】Mary's deference to her parents' wishes was expected.

virtue

[ˈvəːtjuː] n. 美德（morality, goodness）

prestige

[presˈtiːʒ] n. 威望，声望（fame, reputation）

【例】Our mayor's prestige is known throughout the state.

grandeur

[ˈɡrænʤə] n. 庄严，伟大（magnificence）

reverence

[ˈrevərəns] n. 尊敬（respect, veneration）

awe

[ɔː] n./vt. 敬畏（reverence, veneration; dread）

【例】I am always in awe of people who can cook well.

esteem

[isˈtiːm] n./vt. 尊敬（respect）

【例】I have a great deal of esteem for my parents.

commend

[kəˈmend] v. 赞扬（praise）

【记】com＋mend（相信）→都信→赞扬

【例】The teacher commends him upon his good manner.

exalt

[iɡˈzɔːlt] vt. 称赞；提升（extol, laud; promote）

【记】ex＋alt（高）→使高出→赞扬

【例】The campaign manager's speech exalted the candidates.

exalted

[iɡˈzɔːltid] adj. 尊贵的（noble）

【例】The exalted prince entered the hall and everyone stood up.

venerate

[ˈvenəreit] vt. 敬拜，崇拜（respect, revere）

【例】He was venerated as a god.

embalm

[emˈbɑːm] vt. 使不朽

【例】Ancient Egyptians used oils and natural substances to embalm the dead.

tarnish

[ˈtɑːniʃ] vt. 使晦暗，败坏（名誉）（darken, lose luster）

【例】The firm's good name was badly tarnished by the scandal.

extol

[iksˈtəul] vt. 颂扬（exalt）

【记】ex＋tol（举）→推举出→颂扬

【例】Movie critics extolled the young performer's acting debut.

laud

[lɔːd] vt. 赞美（compliment, praise）

【记】比较laurel（桂冠，月桂树）

【例】They lauded the virtues of the old man.

revere

[riˈviə] vt. 尊敬（respect, worship）

【例】The political leader was revered by the people of his country.

admirable

[ˈædmərəbl] adj. 可敬的，极好的（redoubted, wonderful）

【例】The child's honesty was admirable.

disreputable

[disˈrepjutəbl] adj. 声名狼藉的（notorious）

【记】dis＋reputable（有声望的）

【例】The newspaper reported about the senator's disreputable conduct.

classic

[ˈklæsik] adj. 第一流的

respect

[risˈpekt] n./vt. 尊重，敬重（admire, esteem, honor）

【例】My parents think that the contemporary young people have no respect for authority.

adore

[əˈdɔː] vt. 敬爱，极喜爱（admire, love, esteem）

【记】ad＋ore（讲话）→说好听的话

【例】Grandpa adored Grandma from the day they first met.

admire

[ədˈmaiə] vt. 钦佩（respect）；赞美，夸奖

【记】ad（一再）＋mire（高兴）→一再让人惊喜

【例】I have always admired my mother's charm.

advocate

[ˈædvəkeit] vt. 拥护（hold, maintain）

【例】The social activist advocated change.

气氛

hilarious

[həˈlɛəriəs] adj. 热闹的

sullen

[ˈsʌlən] adj. 阴沉的（moody, bad-tempered）

hilarity

[həˈlæriti] n. 欢闹

aura

[ˈɔːrə] n. 气氛（atmosphere, mood）

社会活动

formal

[ˈfɔːməl] adj. 正式的；礼仪上的

【记】informal（非正式的）

session

[ˈseʃən] n. 会议（meeting）

【例】The traitors went into secret session before insurgence.

conference

[ˈkɔnfərəns] n. 会议，讨论会

【例】Anne had a conference with her son's teacher to discuss his progress.

reception

[riˈsepʃən] n. 接待；招待会

etiquette

[ˈetiket] n. 礼节

【记】e＋tiquette＝ticket（票）→凭票入场→礼仪

【例】I consulted a book of etiquette before I attended the formal dance.

decorum

[diˈkɔːrəm] n. 礼仪（ceremony）

【记】decor（美）＋um

【例】Tom found the decorum at the banquet to be formal and tedious.

banquet

[ˈbæŋkwit] n. 宴会，盛会（feast）

【例】Mary served us a banquet that was fit for a king.

bidding

[ˈbidiŋ] n. 邀请

ceremony

[ˈseriˌməni] n. 仪式

【例】The wedding ceremony took place in a garden.

ceremonial

[ˌseriˈməunjəl] n./adj. 仪式；正式的

ceremonious

[ˌseriˈməunjəs] adj. 隆重的；正式的，恭敬的（formal, solemn）

【例】The symphony conductor took a ceremonious bow.

unveil

[ʌnˈveil] v. 开幕

【记】un（不）＋veil（罩面纱）→揭开

【例】Anne unveiled her painting at the opening of the art exhibit.

celebrate

[ˈselibreit] vi. 庆祝

【例】We celebrated the New Year with a dance party.

entertain

[ˌentəˈtein] vt. 招待；娱乐（amuse）

【例】Dave is fun to be around. He always finds ways to entertain us.

身体动作

glaring

[ˈɡlɛəriŋ] adj. 瞪眼的

【记】参考glare（瞪）

grip

[ɡrip] n. 紧握（grasp, clasp）

posture

[ˈpɔsʧə] n. 人体的姿势（pose, bearing）

grasp

[ɡræsp] n./v. 抓紧

【例】Grasp the rope with both hands.

jerk

[dʒəːk] n./v. 急拉；抽搐

【例】I felt a jerk when Bill hit the car brakes.

chuckle

[ˈʧʌkl] n./vi. 咯咯的（地）笑

【例】The comedian couldn't get even a chuckle out of the audience.

flip

[flip] v. 翻滚（overturn）；（用手指）弹，投

【例】The car ran off the road and flipped over in the ditch./They flipped a coin to decide who would go first.

stagger

[ˈstæɡə] v. （使）蹒跚

【例】The wounded man staggered along.

trudge

[trʌʤ] v. 跋涉，吃力地走（plod, trek）

【例】The soldiers trudged through the thick mud.

fasten

[ˈfɑːsn] v. 扣牢，抓住（affix, attach）

【例】In Europe even passengers sitting on the back seats need to fasten their seat belts.

hurl

[həːl] v. 猛投；猛冲（throw, fling）

【例】He hurled the brick through the window.

face

[feis] v. 面对（confront）

【例】The audience faced the speaker.

leap

[liːp] v. 跳跃（jump）

【记】hop单脚跳，skip跨步跳，jump双脚跳，leap飞跃（多用于比喻义中的跳）

【例】The dog leapt over the fence.

bow

[bau] v. 弯腰，屈服

【例】Bill bowed to his parents' wishes and went to law school.

blink

[blink] v. 眨眼（wink）

【例】Every time we take John's picture, he blinks.

erect

[iˈrekt] v. 直立（straight）

【记】e＋rect（立，竖）

【例】He could erect a tent in 10 minutes.

trample

[ˈtræmpl] v./n. 践踏，蹂躏（tread, crush）

【记】tramp（踩踏）＋le

【例】The neighbor's dog trampled my tulips.

tremble

[ˈtrembl] vi. 发抖；摇晃（shake, shiver）

【例】I tremble at the very thought of it.

glide

[ɡlaid] vi. 滑动；溜走

【例】The tip of the pen glided across the sheet of paper.

depart

[diˈpɑːt] vi. 离开，出发（leave, set off）

【记】de＋part（离开）

【例】What time does the train depart?

slump

[slʌmp] vi. 猛然落下（drop, lapse）

【例】He slumped down to the floor in a faint.

gaze

[ɡeiz] vi. 凝视（stare）

【例】It is impolite to gaze at a stranger's face.

creep

[kriːp] vi. 爬，蹑手蹑脚（crawl, move slowly）

【例】We crept upstairs so as not to wake the baby.

limp

[limp] vi. 蹒跚；瘸着走

【记】比较limb（四肢）

【例】He limped off the football field.

sigh

[sai] vi./n. 叹息

【例】"I wish I had finished this work," she said with a sigh.

recoil

[riˈkɔil] vi./n. 后退，退缩（retreat, withdraw）

【例】The little girl recoiled at seeing the dead cat.

uphold

[ʌpˈhəuld] vt. 举起；支撑（support, sustain）

【记】来自hold up（举起）

【例】The soldier upheld the flag proudly.

grab

[ɡræb] vt. 攫取，抓住（snatch, rob）

【例】The poor boy grabbed his chance to become a millionaire.

stride

[straid] vt. 跨越（step, pace）

【例】He strode angrily into the classroom.

thrust

[θrʌst] vt. 力推（push, shove）

【例】We thrust our way through the mass of people.

gnaw

[nɔː] vt. 啮（bite）

【例】She gnawed anxiously at her fingernails.

spew

[spjuː] vt. 呕吐（eject, gush）

【例】She spewed up the entire meal.

dab

[dæb] vt. 轻拍

【例】Don't press it, just dab it gently.

plunge

[plʌnʤ] v. 投入（dive, sink）

【例】We plunged into the icy mountain lake.

dart

[dɑːt] vt. 投掷（hurl, throw）

【例】She darted an angry look at him.

shove

[ʃʌv] vt. 推挤（push, jostle）

【例】Shove over, friend, and make room for me.

drag

[dræɡ] vt. 拖动（tow）

【例】Billy dragged the toy duck behind him.

haul

[hɔːl] vt. 拖曳；拖运（drag, transport, pull）

【例】They hauled the boat up onto the shore.

shake

[ʃeik] vt. 摇；震动

【例】She was shaking with laughter.

jolt

[ʤəult] vt. 摇动（shake, jar）

【例】The coach stops and starts jolting the passengers.

embrace

[imˈbreis] vt. 拥抱（hug, cuddle）

【例】The students tearfully embraced each other on their last day of school.

heave

[hiːv] vt. 用力举起；拖（lift, fling）

【记】参考heaven（天空）去掉“n”

【例】He heaved the box of books, onto the table.

slap

[slæp] vt. 掌击，拍（clap, blow）

【例】He slapped her for what she has done.

clutch

[klʌʧ] vt. 抓住 vi. 掌握，攫（grab, grip）

【例】The crying child clutched her father around the neck.

flush

[flʌʃ] n./v. 脸红

【记】比较blush（脸红）

【例】He flushed with anger.

sprawl

[sprɔːl] v. 伸开手脚（stretch）

【记】比较crawl（爬）

【例】He found her sprawled out in front of a comfortable chair asleep.

sway

[swei] v. 摇摆

【例】She swayed her body in time with the music.

spring

[spriŋ] v. 跳跃

【例】The waiting tiger sprang at his prey.

footbeat

[ˈfutbiːt] n. 跺脚

生产

industrial

[inˈdʌstriəl] adj. 工业的

practical

[ˈpræktikl] adj. 实践的；实用的（pragmatic）

instrument

[ˈinstrumənt] n. 仪器（device）

【例】Flute, piano and violin are all musical instruments.

instrumental

[ˌinstruˈmentl] adj. 仪器的，器械的

textile

[ˈtekstail] adj. 纺织的 n. 纺织品（fabric, fiber, cloth）

【记】text（编织）＋ile

outfit

[ˈautfit] n. 装备；用具（equipment）

【记】来自fit out（装备）

【例】The outfit for a cowboy identified him.

mine

[main] n./v. 采矿

gear

[ɡiə] n. 齿轮

fixture

[ˈfiksʧə] n. 固定设备（apparatus, appliance, device）

monitor

[ˈmɔnitə] v. 监视，监听

【记】另一个词义是“班长”

【例】The president can monitor the whole campus through advanced computer system.

device

[diˈvais] n. 器械，装置；设计（equipment, scheme, ploy）

【例】Dave bought a special device to peel potatoes.

equipment

[iˈkwipmənt] n. 设备（facility, fixture）

cement

[siˈment] n. 水泥，黏合物 vt. 接合（stick, bond）

【例】Custom was the cement of society in early days.

pivot

[ˈpivət] n. 轴（axis, axle）

axis

[ˈæksis] n. 轴（shaft）

【例】The earth spins on its axis.

release

[riˈliːs] n./vt. 发行

【例】The republisher released 500 new books last year.

load

[ləud] n. 负荷 v. 装载（burden）

behave

[biˈheiv] v. 运转

【例】My car has been behaving well since it was repaired.

erect

[iˈrekt] v. 建设（build, set up, establish）

【记】e＋rect（立，竖）

【例】Within the past decade, there were many skyscrapers erected in this city.

raise

[reiz] vt. 养殖（breed）

【例】He raised horses.

manipulate

[məˈnipjuleit] vt. 操作（handle, operate）；操纵

【例】Bob manipulates his friends to get what he wants.

construct

[kənˈstrʌkt] vt. 建造，构造

【记】con＋struct（结构）

【例】A famous architect constructed a model of a new cathedral.

convey

[kənˈvei] vt. 运输（transport, deliver）

【例】Trucks conveyed the goods from the distributor to the buyer.

fabricate

[ˈfæbrikeit] vt. 制造（make）

【记】fabric（结构）＋ate→使出现结构→制造

【例】Jane fabricated the story that she was late because she was caught in traffic.

manufacture

[ˌmænjuˈfækʧə] vt. 制造

【记】manu（手）＋fact（做）＋ure→用手做→制造

【例】His books seem to have been manufactured rather than composed.

conserve

[kənˈsəːv] vt. 贮藏（preserve, store, retain）

【例】Turning off the lights as you leave a room conserves energy.

hoist

[hɔist] n. 吊车（lift） v. 升起，提起

【例】He was hoisted up to the top of the building by a hoist.

concrete

[ˈkɔnkriːt] n. 水泥

mill

[mil] n. 压榨机，磨坊，磨粉机

生活

domestic

[dəˈmestik] adj. 家内的（household）

【例】The police called the fight between the husband and wife a domestic matter.

idyllic

[aiˈdilik] adj. 田园诗的（pastoral, rustic）

scale

[skeil] n. 秤

【例】I'll be glad when I tip the scales at a few pounds less.

furniture

[ˈfəniʧə] n. 家具（furnishing）

rubbish

[ˈrʌbiʃ] n. 垃圾（refuse, trash, waste）

trash

[træʃ] n. 垃圾（rubbish, garbage, refuse, waste）

hurdle

[ˈhəːdl] n. 篱笆

sustenance

[ˈsʌstənəns] n. 生计

【例】For sustenance, the vegetarian ate fruits, nuts, and vegetables.

nostalgia

[nɔsˈtælʤiə] n. 思乡，怀旧

【记】nost（家）＋alg（痛）＋ia（病）→思乡

【例】The old man remembered his college days with nostalgia.

singe

[sinʤ] n. 微烧；烫焦（burn, scorch）

baggage

[ˈbæɡiʤ] n. 行李（luggage, packing）

【记】参考luggage（行李）

【例】How much baggage can we take on the plane?

outing

[ˈautiŋ] n. 郊游；远足（trip, excursion）

regimen

[ˈreʤimen] n. 养生法

【记】regi（统治）＋men（人）→统治人身的法则→养生之道

slag

[slæɡ] n. 渣滓（refuse, waste）

sojourn

[ˈsɔʤəːn] vi. 逗留；寄居（stay）

【例】The explorers sojourned at the old castle expecting for a new find.

dwell

[dwel] vi. 居住（reside, inhabit, live）

【例】Birds normally dwell on trees.

baby-sit

[ˈbeibisit] vi. 看管（婴孩）（take charge of）

【例】Children aren't invited to the weddings, so we'll need someone to baby-sit.

tease

[tiːz] vt. 逗乐，戏弄（taunt, jeer）

【例】The girl was teasing their mother for more candy.

inhabit

[inˈhæbit] vt. 居住于，栖息于（reside, dwell, occupy, live in）

【记】in（里面）＋habit（住）→住里面→居住

【例】They decided to inhabit the dwelling and live in China.

scorch

[skɔːʧ] vt. 烤焦（burn）

【例】Do not leave the iron on that delicate fabric or the heat will scorch it.

nurture

[ˈnəːʧə] vt. 养育（feed, nourish）

【例】Born in a rich family, Anne was delicately nurtured.

reside

[riˈzaid] vi. 居住（dwell, live）

【例】My boss resides in a very fancy apartment building.

resident

[ˈrezidənt] adj. 居住的，常驻的（inhabiting）

【例】The population of resident bacteria in a clean square centimeter on human skin exceeds a million.

土地

deserted

[diˈzəːtid] adj. 荒废的

【例】He find no prosperity in town but deserted street and shabby buildings.

desolate

[ˈdesəlit] adj. 荒凉的（deserted, bleak, barren）

【记】de（加强）＋sol（单独）＋ate

【例】The desolate mining town was once a booming center of activity.

bleak

[bliːk] adj. 荒凉的（desolate, gloomy）

【例】High Andes are bleak, treeless regions.

sterile

[ˈsterail] adj. 贫瘠的；不育的（barren, arid, infertile）

【例】The "Great American Desert" was once assumed as a sterile region.

barren

[ˈbærən] adj. 贫瘠的；不孕的（infertile, arid） n. 荒地

【记】bar＝bare（空的）＋ren

【例】Many people think of deserts as barren regions, but many species of plants and animals have adapted to life there.

agrarian

[əˈɡrɛəriən] adj. 有关土地的，耕地的

clay

[klei] n. 粘土，泥土

clod

[klɔd] n. 土块

外表

stodgy

[ˈstɔʤi] adj. 躯体笨重的

stout

[staut] adj. 矮胖的

【例】A stout passenger took up two seats on the bus.

obese

[əuˈbiːs] adj. 肥胖的，肥大的（overweight）

corpulent

[ˈkɔːpjulənt] adj. 肥胖的

【记】corp（身体）＋ulent→体胖的

【例】Overeating has made her corpulent.

shabby

[ˈʃæbi] adj. 褴褛的，破旧的

【例】The shabby old man asked me for a dollar.

ragged

[ˈræɡid] adj. 褴褛的，破烂的（tattered, scruffy）

【记】rag（破布）＋ged→破烂的

bald

[bɔːld] adj. 秃头的，光秃的（hairless）

【记】参考bold（大胆的）

【例】The bald man wore a hat to protect his head from the sun.

aspect

[ˈæspekt] n. 样子，外表

【记】a＋spect（看）→看上去的样子→外观

【例】He was serious of aspect but wholly undistinguished.

costume

[ˈkɔstjuːm] n. 服装（attire, dress）

【记】比较custom（习俗）

【例】The actors in the play had beautiful costumes.

attire

[əˈtaiə] n. 服装（clothing, dress）

outfit

[ˈautfit] n. 服装（costume, suit）

【记】来自fit out（装备）

garb

[ɡɑːb] n. 服装，装束（uniform, outfit）

strap

[stræp] n. 皮带（fastening, band）

guise

[ɡaiz] n. 外观；装束（appearance）

【例】The thief robbed houses in the guise of a mailman.

clothing

[ˈkləuðiŋ] n. 衣服（apparel, attire）

array

[əˈrei] vt. 装扮

【例】The colorful array of candy made the children's eyes bulge.

cosmetics

[kɔzˈmetiks] n. 化妆品

suit

[sjuːt] n. 套装

sole

[səul] n. 鞋底（bottom）

休息

drowsy

[ˈdrauzi] adj. 昏昏欲睡的（sleepy）

【例】The heat made us all drowsy.

nap

[næp] n./v. 小睡，打盹（doze）

recreation

[ˌrekriˈeiʃən] n. 消遣（pastime, amusement）

【例】For recreation, I like to go hiking and camping.

lull

[lʌl] n. 歇息

beguile

[biˈɡail] vi. 消遣

【记】be＋guile（欺诈）

【例】Our journey was beguiled with spirited talk.

doze

[dəuz] vi. 瞌睡（与off连用）（nap, drowse）

【例】Mary dozed peacefully after a long day at work.

bask

[bɑːsk] vt. 取暖；曝日

【例】Tom enjoys sitting in the garden, basking in the sunshine.

预知

fateful

[ˈfeitful] adj. 预言性的

【例】Gates made a fateful decision to quit Harvard.

imminent

[ˈiminənt] adj. 即将来临的（impending, approaching）

【记】im（进）＋min（伸）＋ent→伸进来→来临的

【例】The imminent storm gives us a sign that the day is turning bad.

estimable

[ˈestiməbl] adj. 可估计的

apt

[æpt] adj. 有…倾向的（prone, likely）

【例】Bill is apt to forget half of the groceries if he doesn't take a list.

promising

[ˈprɔmisiŋ] adj. 有前途的，有希望的（prospective）

provident

[ˈprɔvidənt] adj. 有远见的（forward-looking）

【记】pro（前）＋vid＝vis（看见）＋ent→有远见的

prospect

[ˈprɔspekt] n. 前景，期望（outlook, likelihood, possibility）

【记】pro（向前）＋spect（看）→向前看

【例】Older people are always concerned by the prospect that an unpreceding depression would bring chaos again.

prospective

[prəsˈpektiv] adj. 预期的（forward-looking, forthcoming）

perspective

[pəˈspektiv] n. 远景（view, outlook）

【记】per（全部）＋spect（看）＋ive→远景

【例】Her ability to use perspective gives the appearance of depth to her art.

auspice

[ˈɔːspis] n. 前兆

【记】au＋spic（看）＋e→提前看到的→前兆

tendency

[ˈtendənsi] n. 趋势（inclination, trend）

precursor

[priːˈkəːsə] n. 先兆；先驱（sign; forerunner, pioneer, ancestor）

【记】pre（提前）＋curs（跑）＋or→先兆

【例】Dark clouds are often treated as precursor of a storm.

prediction

[priˈdikʃən] n. 预言，预报（forecast, prophecy）

surmise

[səˈmaiz] vt. 臆测（guess, speculate）

【记】sur（下面）＋mise（说）→在下面说出的话→猜测

【例】With no news from the explorers we can only surmise their present position.

foretell

[fɔːˈtel] vt. 预言（predict）

【记】fore＋tell（告诉）

【例】No one could have foretold such strange events.

foresee

[fɔːˈsiː] vt. 预知（foreshadow, predict）

【记】fore（前）＋see（看）→预先看到

【例】Those who can foresee difficulties on their way to success may keep calm when they really appear.

foresight

[ˈfɔːsait] n. 预见，远见

【记】sight（视力）

current

[ˈkʌrənt] n. 趋势（trend）

【例】He reads the newspaper every day to know the current of events.

forecast

[ˈfɔːkɑːst] n. 先见，预见，预测，预报

灾难与不幸

disaster

[diˈzɑːstə] n. 灾难（catastrophe, calamity）

【例】The month-long period of rain was a disaster for the farmer.

helpless

[ˈhelplis] adj. 无助的（powerless）

disastrous

[diˈzɑːstrəs] adj. 灾难性的；悲惨的（catastrophic）

【例】A few disastrous investments ruined the company.

unfortunately

[ʌnˈfɔːʧənətli] adv. 不幸地

【记】un（不）＋fortunately（幸运地）

calamity

[kəˈlæmiti] n. 不幸之事，灾难（catastrophe, mishap）

【例】The Red Cross provides relief in case of calamities such as floods, earthquakes and hurricanes.

holocaust

[ˈhɔləkɔːst] n. 大屠杀（slaughter）

【记】holo（全部）＋caust（烧）→全部烧死→大屠杀

carnage

[ˈkɑːniʤ] n. 大屠杀，残杀（massacre, slaughter）

【记】carn（肉）＋age

cataclysm

[ˈkætəklizəm] n. 洪水，大灾难

【记】cata（下面）＋clysm（洗）→洗掉→洪水

【例】The eruption of the volcano was an unexpected cataclysm.

avalanche

[ˈævəlɑːnʧ] n. 雪崩

【例】Tons of snow rushed down the mountain in the avalanche.

catastrophe

[kəˈtæstrəfi] n. 异常的灾祸（disaster） v. 使得灾祸

【例】The crash of the stock market was a financial catastrophe.

plague

[pleiɡ] n. 疫病，灾祸（disease）v. 折磨，使苦恼

【例】The ceaseless war posed a big plague for those innocent. / Runaway inflation further plagued the salary-earner.

casualty

[ˈkæʒuəlti] n. 意外伤亡，事故

【例】Jane saw a casualty on the highway and phoned the police.

mishap

[ˈmishæp] n. 灾祸，不幸（mischance, accident）

【记】mis（坏）＋hap（运气）→不幸

【例】The fisherman drowned in a boating mishap.

adversity

[ədˈvəːsiti] n. 不幸，逆境（misfortune）

【记】ad＋vers（转）＋ity→转错方向→不幸

【例】The adversity of losing one's job is difficult to bear.

afflict

[əˈflikt] vt. 使痛苦，折磨（torture）

【记】af（一再）＋flict（打击）→一再打击→折磨

【例】He was afflicted with arthritis.

致命

defunct

[diˈfʌŋkt] adj. 死的（dead, demised）

【记】de（分离）＋funct（功能）

【例】Those rules of etiquette have been defunct for years.

lethal

[ˈliːθəl] adj. 致命的（fatal, deadly）

【记】leth（死）＋al

deadly

[ˈdedli] adj. 致命的（fatal, lethal）

【例】Don't be scared; it's not a deadly wound.

demise

[diˈmaiz] n. 死亡（death, end）

【例】The country mourned the president's demise.

choke

[ʧəuk] n. 窒息 v. （使）窒息（suffocate, block）

【例】My lawn mover has a choke that I have to adjust frequently.

smother

[ˈsmʌðə] v. （使）窒息；闷死（stifle, suffocate）

【例】The murderer smothered his victims with a pillow.

expire

[iksˈpaiə] vi. 断气（perish）

【记】ex（出，离开）＋pire（呼吸）→离开呼吸→断气

【例】John's driver's license expired last week.

mortal

[ˈmɔːtl] adj. 终有一死的 n. 凡人

【记】mort（死）＋al

【例】All mortals, however outstanding, are to die one day.

Anything one man can imagine, other men can make real.

—Jules Verne

但凡人能想像到的事物，必定有人能将它实现。

——凡尔纳

连　线　题

左列单词在右列中有一个或多个同义词，请画线连接。

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连线题答案

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Word List 31

心　理

记忆小贴士：情感对应记忆法

人在特定的心理状态下对与之情绪、情感相符的事物会给予极大的关注。在悲伤的情绪下看那些表示悲伤的单词，记忆效果会比高兴时好。

傲慢

partial

[ˈpɑːʃəl] adj. 偏袒的

【记】part（部分）＋ial

overbearing

[ˌəuvəˈbɛəriŋ] adj. 傲慢的（arrogant, haughty）

【记】over（过分）＋bearing（忍受）→让别人过分忍受→傲慢的

arrogant

[ˈærəɡənt] adj. 傲慢的（haughty, disdainful）

【例】The tennis player's arrogant reaction offended the fans.

haughty

[ˈhɔːti] adj. 傲慢的，轻蔑的（disdainful, arrogant）

insolent

[ˈinsələnt] adj. 傲慢的；无礼的（haughty, arrogant; impudent）

【例】The insolent student yelled at his teacher.

fussy

[ˈfʌsi] adj. 过分挑剔的（finicky, fastidious）

【例】If you weren't too fussy, we could have finished shopping an hour ago.

contemptuous

[kənˈtemptjuəs] adj. 藐视的；傲慢的（arrogant, haughty）

【记】con＋tempt（轻视，鄙视）＋uous

【例】The contemptuous crowd heckled the speaker at the political rally.

domineering

[ˌdɔmiˈniəriŋ] adj. 盛气凌人的

【记】domin（统治）＋eering→统治者的→盛气凌人的

【例】The domineering father made every decision in his children's lives.

presumptuous

[priˈzʌmpʧuəs] adj. 专横的（self-conceited, audacious）

arrogance

[ˈærəɡəns] n. 傲慢

【记】ar＋rog（要求）＋ance→一再要求→傲慢

【例】We didn't tip the waiter because of his arrogance toward us.

preference

[ˈprefərəns] n. 偏爱

【记】prefer（喜欢）＋ence

【例】The king showed preference to his eldest son.

bias

[ˈbaiəs] n. 偏见（prejudice, partiality）

【例】The classical music reviewer had a bias against rock music.

悲伤

doleful

[ˈdəulful] adj. 悲哀的（mournful, sorrowful）

【记】dole（悲哀）

upset

[ʌpˈset] adj. 难过的（disturbed, distressed）

trying

[ˈtraiiŋ] adj. 难堪的，痛苦的（difficult, grueling）

【例】It really was a trying day for him with no water and no electricity.

sentimental

[ˌsentiˈmentl] adj. 伤感的，多愁善感的（emotional）

【例】Mary felt sentimental about life each autumn.

grieve

[ɡriːv] vi. 悲伤（sorrow）

【例】She grieved over her father's sudden death.

grieved

[ɡriːvd] adj. 伤心的

gloom

[ɡluːm] n. 忧愁（sadness, depression）

torturous

[ˈtɔːʧərəs] adj. 痛苦的（tormenting）v. 折磨

【记】tort（扭）＋urous→扭曲的→痛苦的

misery

[ˈmizəri] n. 痛苦，苦恼

miserable

[ˈmizərəbl] adj. 痛苦的；可怜的

distressed

[diˈstrest] adj. 痛苦的

【记】dis＋stress（压力，紧张）＋ed

pensive

[ˈpensiv] adj. 忧愁的，哀思的（thoughtful, contemplative）

【记】pens（挂）＋ive→心思挂在脸上→忧愁的

lament

[ləˈment] n. 悲伤 vt. 痛惜（mourn, grieve over）

【记】联想lame（跛足的）加上“nt”

torment

[ˈtɔːment] n. 痛苦（anguish, agony） v. 折磨

【例】The murderer was tormented by guilt.

deplore

[diˈplɔː] vt. 悲痛；深悔（grieve, mourn）

【例】They deplore the use of force as a solution to this problem.

吃惊

inconceivable

[ˌinkənˈsiːvəbl] adj. 不可思议的（unimaginable, unthinkable）

【记】in（不）＋conceivable（可以想像的）

uncanny

[ʌnˈkæni] adj. 不可思议的，离奇的（odd, strange）

【记】un（不）＋canny（安静的，温和的）

marvelous

[ˈmɑːviləs] adj. 不可思议的；了不起的

breathtaking

[ˈbreθˌteikiŋ] adj. 惊人的，惊险的（stunning, exciting）

astound

[əsˈtaund] vt. 使惊异（surprise, astonish）

【例】The daredevil astounded the audience with a dangerous feat.

astonish

[əsˈtɔniʃ] vt. 使惊讶（amaze, astound, surprise）

【例】The magician astonished the children.

astonished

[əˈstɔniʃt] adj. 惊讶的

【例】A hush fell over the astonished crowds as the governor announced his resignation.

incredible

[inˈkredəbl] adj. 难以相信的（unbelievable, improbable）

【记】in（不）＋cred（相信）＋ible

striking

[ˈstraikiŋ] adj. 显著的，惊人的（prominent, outstanding, impressive）

【例】His black skin and white teeth consist a striking contrast.

tremor

[ˈtremə] n. 颤抖，战栗（tremble, shake）

trepidation

[ˌtrepiˈdeiʃən] n. 惊恐，战栗（apprehension, alarm）

petrify

[ˈpetrifai] vt. 使发呆（stupefy, terrify）

【记】petr（石头）＋ify

【例】I was totally petrified with fear.

scare

[skɛə] vt. 惊吓，使受惊（terrify）

【例】The dogs scared the thief away.

startle

[ˈstɑːtl] vt. 使大吃一惊（amaze, surprise）n. 吃惊

【例】The official hinted at startling new developments that would soon be made public.

stun

[stʌn] vt. 使昏晕，使目瞪口呆（astonish, daze, amaze）

【例】He was stunned when he knew he failed the exam, which he had been prepared for months.

dismay

[disˈmei] vt. 使惊愕；使沮丧（disconcert, alarm）

【例】The loss dismayed the team members, who had practiced so hard.

动机

impetuous

[imˈpetjuəs] adj. 冲动的（impulsive）

impulse

[ˈimpʌls] n. 冲动，刺激

【记】比较pulse（脉搏，跳动）

impulsive

[imˈpʌlsiv] adj. 易冲动的

【例】On seeing the poor little girl, he has an impulse to adopt her.

urge

[əːʤ] n. 冲动

【例】The girl suppressed an urge to laugh.

incentive

[inˈsentiv] n. 刺激；动机（motivation）

【例】People doubt about her incentive to marry that rich old fellow.

motivation

[ˌməutiˈveiʃən] n. 动机（motive, incentive）

【记】比较motive（动机）

【例】Unfortunately his salary is his only motivation for working.

objective

[ɔbˈʤektiv] n. 目标（aim, goal）

【记】object（客观）＋ive

恶意

grim

[ɡrim] adj. 不吉祥的

【例】Each day, the chance for peace became more grim.

sinister

[ˈsinistə] adj. 不祥的；邪恶的（wicked, evil）

cruel

[ˈkruəl] adj. 残忍的（ferocious, ruthless）

【例】The cruel ruler allowed the peasants to starve.

malevolent

[məˈlevələnt] adj. 恶意的（malicious, spiteful）

【记】male（坏）＋vol（意念）＋ent→恶意的

malice

[ˈmælis] n. 恶意（ill will, spite）

malicious

[məˈliʃəs] adj. 心毒的，怀恶意的（vicious, spiteful）

【例】Don't listen to those malicious rumors; he is a good man.

ferocious

[fəˈrəuʃəs] adj. 凶猛的（fierce, savage, bestial）

【记】feroc（凶猛）＋ious

【例】The ferocious winter storm buried the roads in a foot of snow.

烦躁

gloomy

[ˈɡluːmi] adj. 忧闷的

【例】The streets were filled with gloomy faces after the earthquake.

impatient

[imˈpeiʃənt] adj. 不耐烦的

【记】im（不）＋patient（耐心的）

【例】Susan is impatient and refuses to wait in line for anything.

stodgy

[ˈstɔʤi] adj. 枯燥乏味的（dull, boring）

boring

[ˈbɔːriŋ] adj. 令人厌烦的

【例】Since it rained, the children spent a boring afternoon cleaning the basement.

bothersome

[ˈbɔðəsəm] adj. 令人厌烦的，令人烦恼的（irritating, annoying）

boredom

[ˈbɔːdəm] n. 烦恼，无聊（vexation, annoyance）

【记】bore（厌烦）＋dom

【例】The exciting novel chased away Jane's boredom.

tedious

[ˈtiːdiəs] adj. 冗长乏味的，沉闷的（tiresome, boring）

【例】John's job at the factory is trivial and tedious.

sicken

[ˈsikən] adj. 使厌倦；使作呕

uproar

[ˈʌprɔː] n. 扰乱，喧嚣（disturbance, commotion）

【记】up（上）＋roar（吼叫）

intrude

[inˈtruːd] v. 侵扰（encroach, infringe）

【记】in（进入）＋trude（突出）→突进入→侵扰

【例】I don't mean to intrude, but you have a telephone call.

chafe

[ʧeif] vt. 烦扰（irritate）

【例】Coarse fabric will chafe your skin.

distract

[diˈstrækt] vt. 分散（心思），打扰（abstract, divert）

【记】dis＋tract（拉）→心被拉开→分散

【例】The school students were distracted by the noise outside the classroom.

harass

[həˈræs] vt. 侵扰（bother）

【记】参考ass（驴子）

【例】Don't harass me; I am working.

disarrange

[ˌdisəˈreinʤ] vt. 扰乱（disturb）

【记】dis（不再）＋arrange（排列）

【例】Her sudden departure has disarranged my plan.

derange

[diˈreinʤ] vt. 扰乱

【记】de（坏）＋range（排列）

【例】She is completely deranged.

vex

[veks] vt. 使烦恼（annoy, irritate）

【例】He was greatly vexed by the new and unexpected development.

愤怒

grouchy

[ˈɡrauʧi] adj. 不悦的，愠怒的（bad-tempered, petulant）

【例】"I don't like these homework," he said in a grouchy tone of voice.

indignant

[inˈdiɡnənt] adj. 愤慨的，义愤的（outraged）

【记】in（不）＋dign（礼貌）＋ant→不礼貌→愤慨的

furious

[ˈfjuəriəs] adj. 狂怒的；狂暴的（frenzied, enraged）

nervous

[ˈnəːvəs] adj. 易激动的

【记】nerv（神经）＋ous

passionate

[ˈpæʃənit] adj. 易怒的

【记】passion（激情）＋ate

touchy

[ˈtʌʧi] adj. 易怒的；棘手的（annoyed, offended）

fury

[ˈfjuəri] n. 勃然大怒（rage, wrath）

rage

[reiʤ] n. 激怒，愤怒（fury, anger）

enrage

[inˈreiʤ] vt. 激怒（infuriate, aggravate）

【记】en＋rage（暴怒）

【例】John's insolence enraged his supervisor.

outrage

[ˈautreiʤ] vt. 激怒；侵犯（anger; offend）

【记】out（出）＋rage（愤怒）→出离愤怒

【例】The mayor's cruel remarks outraged the citizens.

exasperate

[iɡˈzæspəreit] vt. 激怒（annoy, irritate）

【记】ex＋asper（粗鲁）＋ate→表现的粗鲁→发怒

【例】The traffic jam exasperated the motorists who were caught in it.

fret

[fret] vt. 激怒（annoy, worry）

【例】That noise frets me.

provoke

[prəˈvəuk] vt. 激怒，煽动（incite, stir up, cause, elicit）

【例】The bear provoked the bees by disturbing their hive.

incense

[ˈinsens] vt. 激怒

【记】in（进入）＋cense（光）→使怒火中烧

【例】The decision to reduce the pay levels incensed the work-force.

感觉

indefatigable

[ˌindiˈfætiɡəbl] adj. 不疲倦的（tireless, dogged）

【记】in（不）＋de（表强调）＋fatig（疲倦）＋able

sensuous

[ˈsenʃuəs] adj. 感觉的，美感的

【例】Advertisements use sensuous colors to appeal to the audience.

faint

[feint] adj. 昏晕的

【例】He felt faint for a moment.

ravenous

[ˈrævinəs] adj. 极饿的（famished, starving）

listless

[ˈlistlis] adj. 倦怠的，没精打采的（sluggish, lifeless）

【记】list（渴望）＋less→倦怠的

【例】I feel so listless; I think I need a nap.

beat

[biːt] adj. 疲倦的（exhausted, tired, worn out）

【例】I can't move a bit. I am beat.

downhearted

[daunˈhɑːtid] adj. 无精打采的（depressed, downcast）

【例】We were all downhearted at the death of our friend.

daze

[ˈdeiz] n. 昏晕 vt. 使发昏，茫然（dazzle, confusion）

【例】The driver recovered slowly from her daze after the accident.

intuition

[ˌintjuːˈiʃən] n. 直觉

starve

[stɑːv] v. （使）挨饿

【例】Come on, where is the food? I am starving.

hunger

[ˈhʌŋɡə] v./n. 饥饿

【例】She hungers for his love.

famish

[ˈfæmiʃ] vt. 使挨饿

【例】When's lunch? I am famished.

exhaust

[iɡˈzɔːst] vt. 使疲倦（use up, drain）

【记】ex＋haust（拉）→（用力）拉出→疲惫

【例】The children thoroughly exhausted their mother's patience.

gorge

[ɡɔːʤ] vt. 塞饱

【例】Boys gorged themselves with candy.

高兴

hilarious

[hiˈlɛəriəs] adj. 高兴的（delightful）

exultant

[iɡˈzʌltənt] adj. 欢腾的；狂欢的（happy; jubilant）

【记】ex＋（s）ult（激动）＋ant→出现激动→欢腾的

brisk

[brisk] adj. 活泼的，轻快的（swift, energetic）

【例】A brisk walk before breakfast is a good way to start the day.

gleeful

[ˈɡliːful] adj. 极高兴的，兴奋的（delightful, exultant）

joyous

[ˈʤɔiəs] adj. 快乐的，高兴的

【记】joy（高兴）＋ous

exalted

[iɡˈzɔːltid] adj. 兴奋的（exited）

【例】The exalted prince entered the hall and everyone stood up.

blessed

[blesid] adj. 愉快的（amused, blithe）

【例】They enjoyed a few moments of blessed silence after the whole day's noise.

pleasing

[ˈpliːziŋ] adj. 愉快的（blithe, amusing）

【例】Because the meal was so pleasing, I left a large tip for the server.

pleasure

[ˈpleʒə] n. 快乐（enjoyment）

elation

[iˈleiʃən] n. 得意洋洋

【记】elate＋ion

【例】John's elation is apparent from the huge smile on his face.

ecstasy

[ˈekstəsi] n. 恍惚；狂喜

【例】Mary was in ecstasy when she won the piano competition.

excitement

[ikˈsaitmənt] n. 激动，兴奋；刺激

【例】Excitement flowed through the crowd when the famous athlete entered the room.

bliss

[blis] n. 狂喜（ecstasy）

【例】Jane was in a state of bliss after getting her degree.

rapture

[ˈræpʧə] n. 狂喜（ecstasy, delight）

【记】rapt（着迷）＋ure

tingle

[ˈtiŋɡl] vi.（因兴奋）激动

【例】The uncertainty of national events made his blood tingle.

brighten

[ˈbraitn] vt. 使快活

【记】bright（光亮）＋en

【例】His face brightened up.

enrapture

[inˈræpʧə] vt. 使狂喜（delight; exult）

【记】en＋rapture（狂喜）

【例】Her smile enraptured him so he would not move his eyes.

ravish

[ˈræviʃ] vt. 使陶醉；使狂喜

【例】He was ravished by her beauty, and forgot that she was ravishing his fortune.

好奇

curious

[ˈkjuəriəs] adj. 好奇的（acquisitive）

【例】The family had a few curious traditions.

curiosity

[ˌkjuəriˈɔsiti] n. 好奇心

【例】Just out of curiosity, I wonder how much this apartment costs.

inquisitive

[inˈkwizitiv] adj. 好奇的（nosy, curious）

【记】in（进入）＋quisit（询问）＋ive→喜欢询问的→好奇的

【例】I was mad at the inquisitive kid, who kept on asking me silly questions.

焦急

concerned

[kənˈsəːnd] adj. 焦虑的

【例】Mary is concerned with finishing her work before 12:00.

intense

[inˈtens] adj. 紧张的

【例】Under years of intense pressure, he finally gave up hope and commited suicide.

suspense

[səˈspens] n. 焦虑（anticipation, uncertainty）

【记】sus＋pense（挂）→挂念→焦虑

strain

[strein] n. 紧张（stress, tension）

【例】Insurance costs are a big strain on our budget.

fluster

[ˈflʌstə] vt. 使慌乱（confuse, disconcert）

【例】Don't get flustered!

tense

[tens] adj. 紧张的（nervous, strained）

【例】The bath relaxed Mary's tense muscles.

abashed

[əˈbæʃt] adj. 羞愧的，局促不安的（uneasy）

【记】abash（羞愧）＋ed；比较blush（脸红）

沮丧

languid

[ˈlæŋɡwid] adj. 精神不振的（sluggish, listless）

【记】langu（松弛）＋id→精神不振的

downcast

[ˈdaunkɑːst] adj. 沮丧的（depressed, dejected）

【例】The downcast student couldn't believe that he'd failed the test.

dismal

[ˈdizml] adj. 沮丧的（gloomy, somber）

【例】Mary cried during the dismal movie.

dejected

[diˈʤektid] adj. 失望的，沮丧的（depressed, dispirited）

【记】deject（失望）＋ed

depress

[diˈpres] vt. 使沮丧（deject, dispirit）

【记】de（加强）＋press（压）

【例】He was depressed because he had not passed his examinations.

depression

[diˈpreʃən] n. 沮丧

【例】He committed suicide during a fit of depression.

dampen

[ˈdæmpən] vt. 使沮丧（dismay, depress）

【例】I don't want to dampen your enthusiasm, but take it easy!

cheerless

[ˈʧiəlis] adj. 不愉快的；阴郁的

恐惧

formidable

[ˈfɔːmidəbl] adj. 可畏惧的，可怕的（dreadful, frightening）

【例】He is kind, but unfortunately with a formidable face.

fright

[frait] n. 惊吓，恐怖

terror

[ˈterə] n. 恐怖

terrify

[ˈterəfai] vt. 使恐怖，使惊吓

【例】The animals were terrified by the storm.

panic

[ˈpænik] n. 恐慌（fear, scare）

【例】The rumor that we are having an earthquake arouse a panic.

horror

[ˈhɔːrə] n. 恐惧

dread

[dred] n. 畏惧，恐怖 v. 畏惧（fear）

【例】John dreads calculating his taxes.

cower

[ˈkauə] vi. 畏缩（recoil）

【例】The children cowered each time they heard the thunder.

intimidate

[inˈtimideit] vt. 恐吓（frighten, threaten）

【记】in（进入）＋timid（害怕）＋ate→使害怕→恐吓

【例】I don't want to intimidate you, but very few people pass this exam.

menace

[ˈmenəs] vt. 威吓（threaten, intimidate）；胁迫

【记】men（人）＋ace（王牌）→用手中的一张王牌→胁迫

【例】The people are being menaced by the threat of war.

狂热

insane

[inˈsein] adj. 发狂，精神错乱的（crazy）

【记】in（不）＋sane（清醒的）

【例】The murderer was judged to be insane and was then released.

crazy

[ˈkreizi] adj. 狂热的

【例】The crazy defendant was declared unfit to stand trial.

radical

[ˈrædikl] adj. 激进的（severe, extreme）

【例】The American Revolution is not a radical one, but a gradual evolution.

radically

[ˈrædikəli] adv. 激进地（drastically）

mania

[ˈmeinjə] n. 癫狂，狂热

【记】man（疯狂）＋ia（病）

frenzy

[ˈfrenzi] n. 狂热（great excitement）

【记】参考frantic（疯狂的）

fanatic

[fəˈnætik] adj. 狂热的，狂热者的（frantic, fervent）

【记】fan（迷）＋atic→着迷的人→盲信者

fanaticism

[fəˈnætisizəm] n. 狂热；盲从

满意

relieved

[riˈliːvd] adj. 放心的

【记】名词relief（宽慰）

satisfactory

[ˌsætisˈfæktəri] adj. 令人满意的（appealing）

content

[kənˈtent] adj. 满足的（satisfied, complacent）

【例】After a good meal and good conversation, we were all content.

satiate

[ˈseiʃieit] vt. 使饱享；使满足

【记】sat（满）＋iate

【例】Some cold lemonade satiated my thirst.

gratify

[ˈɡrætifai] vt. 使满意（satisfy）

【记】grat（满意）＋ify→满足，高兴

【例】Anne was gratified by the manager's efforts to help her.

梦想

solicitous

[səˈlisitəs] adj. 渴望的；焦虑的（avid; concerned）

【例】The parents are solicitous about their son's health.

desire

[diˈzaiə] vt. 想要 n. 欲望

【例】His excellence at work leaves nothing to be desired.

desirous

[diˈzaiərəs] adj. 渴望的

【例】I am desirous of a good job and a healthy family.

desirable

[diˈzaiərəbl] adj. 理想的，如意的

【例】I envy Jane because her job is so desirable.

aspire

[əsˈpaiə] vi. 热望（crave, yearn）

【例】I aspire to being the president of a bank.

aspiration

[ˌæspəˈreiʃən] n. 热望，渴望（avidity）

【记】a＋spir（呼吸）＋ation

【例】Children often have big aspirations.

hunger

[ˈhʌŋɡə] v./n. 渴望

【例】She hungers for his love.

long

[lɔŋ] vi. 渴望（crave, yearn）

【例】People in the war longed for peace day and night.

crave

[kreiv] vt. 渴求（desire, yearn）

【例】Anne craved unusual food when she was pregnant.

realize

[ˈriəlaiz] vt. 实现（implement, carry out）

【例】He finally realized his lifelong ambition to learn how to play the violin.

mean

[miːn] vt. 意欲（intend）

【例】I didn't mean to hurt you; I am sorry.

yen

[jen] n. 热望，渴望 v. 热望，渴望（yearn）

【例】Jane has a yen to go climbing in the Rockies.

court

[kɔːt] v. 追求（pursue）

【例】He is courting wealth and fame all his life.

情感

touching

[ˈtʌʧiŋ] adj. 动人的，令人感伤的（moving, impressive）

【记】touch（感动）＋ing

impassive

[imˈpæsiv] adj. 无感情的（apathetic, indifferent）

【记】im（不）＋pass（感情）＋ive

【例】The nurse's impassive attitude annoyed me.

cherish

[ˈʧeriʃ] vt. 珍爱（care for）

【例】Mary cherished the idea of touring the castles of Europe.

affection

[əˈfekʃən] n. 友爱；爱情

affectionate

[əˈfekʃənit] adj. 挚爱的，亲切的（kind, genial）

【记】affection（感情）＋ate

【例】Jane gave her mother an affectionate hug.

emotional

[iˈməuʃənl] adj. 情绪的，情感的

nostalgia

[nɔsˈtælʤiə] n. 思家病，乡愁，向往过去，怀旧之情

sentimental

[ˌsentiˈmentl] adj. 感伤性的，感情脆弱的

emotive

[iˈməutiv] adj. 使感动的，感情的，动感情的

lovelorn

[ˈlʌvlɔːn] a. 失恋的

passionate

[ˈpæʃənit] adj. 多情的，热情的（impassioned, fervent）

【记】passion（激情）＋ate

【例】Mary is very passionate about gardening.

热情

vigorous

[ˈviɡərəs] adj. 朝气蓬勃的

【例】Mary stretched her muscles before an hour of vigorous exercise.

hospitable

[ˈhɔspitəbl] adj. 好客的（sociable, companionable）

positive

[ˈpɔzitiv] adj. 积极的（active）

【记】比较passive（消极的）

energetic

[ˌenəˈʤetik] adj. 积极的，精力旺盛的（active）

【记】energy（精力）

【例】The boss appreciated the energetic workers.

ardor

[ˈɑːdə] n. 热心（enthusiasm）

【例】The teacher was impressed by Bill's ardor for learning.

ardent

[ˈɑːdənt] adj. 极热心的，热情的（passionate, enthusiastic, fervent, zealous）

【例】Jane's ardent admirer sent her flowers everyday.

eager

[ˈiːɡə] adj. 渴望的；热心的

【例】Bill was eager to go fishing for the weekend.

impassioned

[imˈpæʃənd] adj. 热烈的（emotional, ardent）

【记】im（不）＋passion（激情）＋ed

avid

[ˈævid] adj. 热切的（eager）

【例】The avid tennis fans cheered for their favorite tennis player.

devoted

[diˈvəutid] adj. 热心的（enthusiastic）

【例】Mary is a devoted member of her church.

readily

[ˈredili] adv. 愿意地（eagerly, willingly）

enthusiasm

[inˈθjuːziæzəm] n. 热情（passion）

【例】Jane's enthusiasm for gardening is evident by all of these beautiful flowers.

zeal

[ziːl] n. 热心，热情，热忱（zest, enthusiasm）

zealous

[ˈzeləs] adj. 热心的（enthusiastic, fervent）

【例】The zealous soldier hoped to be sent into battle.

zest

[zest] n. 浓烈的兴趣；热心（enthusiasm, interest）

hail

[heil] vt. 欢呼，欢迎（acclaim, applaud）

【例】Birds are singing, hailing the coming of the spring.

态度

jealous

[ˈʤeləs] adj. 妒忌的（envious, resentful）；猜疑的

indifferent

[inˈdifərənt] adj. 冷漠的；不积极的（uninterested, nonchalant）

【记】in（不）＋different（不同的）

【例】People were annoyed at the boss's indifferent attitude toward those who died in the accident.

profane

[prəˈfein] vt./adj. 亵渎（的）（humiliate; disrespectful）

【记】比较fane（神庙）

【例】Please don't profane things that are sacred to other people.

flatter

[ˈflætə] vt. 奉承，阿谀，谄媚

【例】He was good at flattering others.

begrudge

[biˈɡrʌʤ] vt. 羡慕；嫉妒（grudge, stint, envy, admire）

【记】be＋grudge（怨恨，吝啬）

【例】She begrudged his youth.

desperate

[ˈdespərit] adj. 不顾一切的；绝望的（extremely serious）

【例】Mary was desperate for a raise because her bills were mounting.

contrite

[kənˈtrait] adj. 悔悟的（repentant, remorseful）

【记】con＋trite（摩擦）→（心灵）摩擦→悔悟的

【例】The driver who caused the car accident was very contrite over it.

forlorn

[fəˈlɔːn] adj. 绝望的；被遗弃的（wretched, lonely）

【记】for（出去）＋lorn（被弃的）

犹豫

dubious

[ˈdjuːbjəs] adj. 怀疑的（doubtful）

【例】The dubious employees shook their heads as they carried out the order.

skeptical

[ˈskeptikl] adj. 怀疑的（dubious, incredulous）

【例】The skeptical student refused to accept the theory of evolution.

suspicion

[səˈspiʃən] n. 怀疑（doubt, distrust）

【记】sus＝sub（下）＋spic（看）＋ion→从下面看→怀疑

suspicious

[səˈspiʃəs] adj. 可疑的，猜疑的（dubious, fishy）

【例】Aunt Jane was suspicious of everyone who came to her front door.

fishy

[ˈfiʃi] adj. 值得怀疑的（suspicious, dubious）

【例】Are you telling the truth? Your story sounds fishy to me.

incredulity

[ˌinkriˈdjuːliti] n. 怀疑（suspicion, disbelief）

misgiving

[misˈɡiviŋ] n. 疑惧，疑虑

poise

[pɔiz] n. 犹疑

halt

[hɔːlt] v. 踌躇；停止

【例】The police ordered the thief to halt.

scruple

[ˈskruːpl] v./n. 踌躇；顾忌（hesitaion, scrupulousness）

【例】She wouldn't scruple to tell a lie if she thought it would be useful.

flounder

[ˈflaundə] vi. 踌躇

【记】另一个意思是“比目鱼”

demur

[diˈməː] vi. 踌躇

【例】Anne demurred at the statement that she assigned too much homework.

hesitate

[ˈheziteit] vi. 犹豫，踌躇；含糊（falter, vacillate）

【例】John hesitated when I asked him to help me move some furniture.

doubt

[daut] vt./n. 怀疑（suspect）

【例】After he lost the game, Bill had doubts about his athletic ability.

suspect

[səˈspekt] vt. 怀疑

【例】I suspect his motives.

憎恨

loath

[ləuθ] adj. 不喜欢的，不情愿的（reluctant, unwilling）

loathe

[ləuð] vt. 厌恶（hate, dislike）

【例】I just loathe my neighbor's dog because it barks all the time.

hideous

[ˈhidiəs] adj. 骇人听闻的；丑恶的（ugly, ill-looking）

【例】Despite its low price, no one would buy the hideous tie.

sick

[sik] adj. 厌恶的

complaint

[kəmˈpleint] n. 抱怨，怨言

【例】The boss had a complaint about Bill's tardiness.

grievance

[ˈɡriːvəns] n. 不满（dissatisfaction）

【记】griev（悲伤）＋ance→说悲伤的话→牢骚

【例】The committee has many grievances against the school board.

aversion

[əˈvəːʃən] n. 厌恶（dislike, distaste）

【记】a＋vers（转）＋ion→转开→厌恶

【例】Her aversion to buses makes it necessary for her to own a car.

hatred

[ˈheitrid] n. 憎恶，憎恨（abomination）

disgust

[disˈɡʌst] vt. 厌恶

【例】The raw fish disgusted me, so I left the table.

grudge

[ɡrʌʤ] vt. 怨恨；妒忌；勉强给予

【例】He grudges her earning more money than he does.

detest

[diˈtest] vt. 憎恶（abhor, hate, loathe）

【例】My children detest onions.

resent

[riˈzent] vt. 憎恨（loathe, hate, detest）

【记】re（反）＋sent（感情）→相反的感情→憎恨

【例】I bitterly resent your critism.

abhor

[æbˈhɔː] vt. 憎恶（detest, despise, loathe）

【记】ab＋hor（恨，怕）；比较horrible（可怕的）

【例】People from all around the world abhor terrorism.

abhorrent

[æbˈhɔrənt] adj. 可恶的，可恨的（detestable）

连　线　题

左列单词在右列中有一个或多个同义词，请画线连接。

（一）

（二）

连线题答案

（一）

（二）

Word List 32

行　为

记忆小贴士：情景记忆法

情景记忆是对个人亲身经历过的、在一定时间和地点发生的事件或情景的记忆。在学习本章表示行为的单词时，回忆自己过去的相关经历，会起到事半功倍的效果。

帮助

benevolent

[biˈnevələnt] adj. 慈善的（charitable, generous）

【记】bene（好）＋vol（心意）＋ent

【例】Some benevolent soul donated clothes to the orphanage.

munificent

[mjuːˈnifisnt] adj. 慷慨的（generous, liberal）

【记】muni（礼物）＋fic（做）＋ent→做出来给大家→慷慨的

charity

[ˈʧæriti] n. 施舍（benevolence, altruism）；慈善事业

【例】The charity's goal is to help people help themselves.

charitable

[ˈʧæritəbl] adj. 慷慨的，慈善的（generous, benevolent）

【例】Because it was Susan's first offense, the judge was charitable and gave her probation.

generous

[ˈʤenərəs] adj. 慷慨的，大方的（lavish, handsome）

【记】gener（产生）＋ous→（不断）产生，丰富的→慷慨的

generously

[ˈʤenərəsli] adv. 宽大地

obliging

[əˈblaiʤiŋ] adj. 施恩的；愿帮忙的（helpful）

【例】He was so thankful for the obliging hostess who took care of him when he was ill.

sympathetic

[ˌsimpəˈθetik] adj. 同情的；和谐的

liberal

[ˈlibərəl] adj. 心胸宽大的（lenient, broad-minded）；慷慨的

【记】liber（自由）＋al→心胸自由

instrumental

[ˌinstruˈmentl] adj. 有帮助的（significant, useful）

gainful

[ˈɡeinful] adj. 有利的，有报酬的（profitable, lucrative）

【记】gain（获得）＋ful→有利的

【例】He kept on teaching in a small college, though he knows this job is not gainful.

benefit

[ˈbenifit] vt. 对…有益处

【例】Volunteer work benefits society.

beneficial

[ˌbeniˈfiʃəl] adj. 有益的（profitable, lucrative）

【例】Mary's college classes were beneficial to her career path.

prop

[prɔp] n./vt. 支持（support, mainstay）

【例】Her daughter was the only prop to the old lady during her illness.

redress

[riˈdres] n. 救济

compassion

[kəmˈpæʃn] n. 怜悯，同情（sympathy）

【记】com＋pass（感情）＋ion

【例】Everyone felt compassion for the mourning family.

assist

[əˈsist] vt. 辅助（aid, help）

【例】A nurse assisted the surgeon during the operation.

extricate

[ˈekstrikeit] vt. 救出；使解脱（release; liberate）

【记】ex＋tric（复杂）＋ate→从复杂中走出→解脱

【例】Jane extricated herself from an unhappy relationship with her boyfriend.

donate

[ˈdəuneit] vt. 捐赠（contribute, present）

【例】Steve donated the old couch to charity.

raise

[reiz] vt. 募捐

【例】He raised one million to help the orphan.

bestow

[biˈstəu] vt. 赠予

【记】be＋stow（地方）→给予地方

【例】He was bestowed the honor of "hero citizen."

rescue

[ˈreskjuː] vt. 拯救（save）

【例】The firefighter rescued six people from the burning building.

champion

[ˈʧæmpjən] vt. 支持（support）

【例】Bill championed the party's nominee for president.

salvage

[ˈsælviʤ] vt. （海上）救护，抢救（recover, rescue）

【例】I was able to salvage some data from the ruined computer file.

save

[seiv] v. 拯救（rescue）

adopt

[əˈdɔpt] vt. 收养（introduce）

【例】Because the Johnsons couldn't have children, they adopted an orphan.

保护

assert

[əˈsəːt] vt. 维护

【例】Employees should learn to assert their rights.

preserve

[priˈzəːv] vt. 保存（keep, save, maintain）

【记】pre（预先）＋serve（保存）

【例】Max eats only good things hoping to preserve his health.

retain

[riˈtein] vt. 保留（hold, reserve, withhold, keep）

【例】We retained the original fireplace when we redecorated the room.

shield

[ʃild] vt. 庇护，保护（protect）

【例】He shielded me by claiming that he broke the window.

defend

[diˈfend] vt. 防护

【例】Mary defended her actions when she was accused of cheating.

escort

[esˈkɔːt] vt. 护送（accompany）

【例】A bodyguard escorted the celebrity around town.

convoy

[ˈkɔnvɔi] vt. 护送（accompany, escort）

【记】con＋voy（路，看）→照看一路→护送

【例】The army convoyed the supply trucks to the center of the battle.

safeguard

[ˈseifˌɡɑːd] vt. 维护，保卫（protect）

【记】联想“舒肤佳”香皂

【例】We have found a way of safeguarding our money.

抽象行为

behave

[biˈheiv] v. 举止端正，表现

【例】"Behave yourself", the mother warned her child.

behavior

[biˈheivjə] n. 行为（conduct, deed）

conduct

[kənˈdʌkt] v. 行为（behave）

【例】She conducted herself stoically in her time of grief.

deport

[diˈpɔːt] vt. 举止

【例】She deported herself well.

abstract

[æbˈstrækt] adj. 抽象的（theoretical, conceptual）

【例】Professor Brewer's books are very abstract and hard to read.

abstraction

[æbˈstrækʃən] n. 抽象概念

【例】By looking at what happened in many similar cases, we were able to create an abstraction that also covered other instances.

action

[ˈækʃən] n. 行动（activity）

【例】The continuous action of the sewing machine shook the table.

处理

shift

[ʃift] n./v. 转移；替换（change, alteration）

【例】Workers in this factory work on 3 shifts.

dissipate

[ˈdisipeit] v. 驱散，消散（disappear）

【例】The fog is dissipating.

deal

[diːl] vi. 处理

【例】You need to learn how to deal with problems like this.

dispose

[disˈpəuz] vi. 处理；丢掉（deal with; get rid of）

【例】Man proposes, God disposes.

bestow

[biˈstəu] vt. 应用，使用

【记】be＋stow（地方）→给予地方

【例】On this interesting story I bestowed much thought.

exert

[iɡˈzəːt] vt. 施加

【记】ex＋ert（力）→出力→施加

【例】He exerted more influence on the committee than anyone else.

displace

[disˈpleis] vt. 转移

【记】dis＋place（位置）→取代（位置）→转移

【例】My computer has displaced my old typewriter.

tackle

[ˈtækl] vt. 处理（deal, handle）

【例】Susan tackled the problem and solved it easily.

transact

[trænˈzækt] vt. 处理（deal, manage）

【例】These two companies often transact business over the phone.

discard

[disˈkɑːd] vt. 丢弃（reject）

【例】I tried to discard the old toys, but the children found them and put them back in the toy box.

utilize

[ˈjuːtilaiz] vt. 利用（use, make use of）

【例】Efficient workers utilize time wisely.

harness

[ˈhɑːnis] vt. 利用（utilize）

【例】Before steam engine was harnessed in the large machinery, the efficiency was very low.

arrange

[əˈreinʤ] vt. 排列（put together, plan）

【记】ar＋range（列）

【例】The florist arranged the roses in the vase.

reject

[riˈʤekt] vt. 抛弃

【记】re（回）＋ject（扔）→扔回来，拒绝

cancel

[ˈkænsl] vt. 取消（call off, nullify）

【例】The boss canceled the meeting.

undo

[ʌnˈduː] vt. 取消（cancel, annul）

【记】un（不）＋do（做）→取消

【例】What is done cannot be undone.

delete

[diˈliːt] vt. 删除（erase, remove from）

【例】References to places of battle were deleted from soldiers' letters during the war.

contrive

[kənˈtraiv] vt. 设计（plan）

【例】Baby-sitters contrive ways to amuse the children.

implement

[ˈimpliment] vt. 实现（carry out, fulfil, execute）

【记】im（进入）＋ple（满）＋ment→使圆满→实现

【例】Once we made a plan, the remaining task would be to implement it.

effectuate

[iˈfekʧueit] vt. 使实现

【记】effect（效果）＋uate（表示动词）

【例】The scientists effectuated a shockwave.

glean

[ɡliːn] vt. 收集（collect, gather）

【例】The scientists were delighted at these information gleaned from the investigation.

purge

[pəːʤ] vt. 消除（clear, purify）

【记】比较pure（纯的）

【例】The old tycoon did a lot of good deeds to purge away his sins.

erase

[iˈreiz] vt. 消除（eliminate）

【记】e＋rase（擦）

【例】Bill erased his mistake before turning in his assignment.

eradicate

[iˈrædikeit] vt. 根除（eliminate, get rid of, remove）

【例】One of the major goals of the government is to eradicate poverty in poor areas of China.

efface

[iˈfeis] vt. 消除（erase）

【记】ef＋face（脸）→去掉表面→消除

【例】Weathering has effaced the inscription on the tombstone so that people cannot read it.

despatch

[disˈpæʧ] vt. 迅速处理（dispose）

【例】The chairman despatched the meeting in 20 minutes.

forsake

[fəˈseik] vt. 遗弃，抛弃，摒绝（abandon, desert）

【记】for（god's）sake看在上帝的份儿上，不要抛弃我。

【例】I had to forsake my smoking habit because I was having trouble breathing.

adopt

[əˈdɔpt] vt. 采用（foster）

【记】ad＋opt（选择）→采用

【例】Susan adopted a strict diet when she learned she was sick.

process

[prɔˈses] vt. 处理（treat）

【例】These materials are to be processed before they can be used.

scrap

[skræp] vt. 废弃

abandon

[əˈbændən] vt. 抛弃，放弃（discard, give up）

【记】a（没）＋bandon（权力）→不再有权力→抛弃

【例】He abandoned his wife and went away with all their money.

jettison

[ˈʤetisn] vt. 抛弃，丢弃（discard）

【例】The manager jettisoned the whole marketing plan.

促进

impulsive

[imˈpʌlsiv] adj. 推动的（propelling, driving）

hasten

[ˈheisn] v. 催促；赶紧（hurry; quicken）

【例】She hastened her to go to work.

urge

[əːʤ] v. 推进；催促（advocate, encourage, impel, press）

【例】The teacher urged on the necessity of sufficient practice to achieve a high score.

prod

[prɔd] vt. 刺激（poke, spur）

【例】Bob is lazy; he won't do any work if he's not prodded into it.

stimulate

[ˈstimjuleit] vt. 刺激，激励，激发（motivate, encourage, incite, actuate）

【记】stimul（刺激）＋ate

【例】The mass was stimulated by his words and burned Caesar's house.

promote

[prəˈməut] vt. 促进

【记】pro（前）＋mote（动）→促进

【例】The go-between tried to promote relationship between the boy and the girl.

further

[ˈfəːðə] vt. 促进，增进（advance, promote）

【例】He wants to further his education in China.

elicit

[iˈlisit] vt. 得出，引出（provoke）

【例】After much questioning among the people concerned, the head-master at last elicited the truth about the incident.

instigate

[ˈinstiɡeit] vt. 鼓动（prompt）

【记】in（进入）＋stig（刺激）＋ate→进入刺激→鼓动

【例】He instigated the ending of a free working lunch in the company.

encourage

[inˈkʌriʤ] vt. 鼓励（urge）

【例】The coach encouraged Jimmy to practise more often.

inspire

[inˈspaiə] vt. 鼓舞，激发（fire the imagination, encourage）

【例】I was inspired to work harder than ever before.

evoke

[iˈvəuk] vt. 唤起（arouse, produce）

【记】e＋voke（喊）→喊出→唤起

【例】Bill's soft voice evoked a feeling of peace and calmness.

arouse

[əˈrauz] vt. 唤起（awake, evoke）

【记】a＋rouse（唤起）

【例】A book with a very colorful cover aroused Bill's interest.

kindle

[ˈkindl] vt. 激起

【记】比较candle（蜡烛）

【例】Her cruelty kindled hatred in my heart.

intensify

[inˈtensifai] vt. 加强（enhance, strengthen）

【例】The general intensified the defense of the northern border by sending more troops there.

fortify

[ˈfɔːtifai] vt. 加强（strengthen, reinforce）

【记】fort（强）＋ify→力量化→加强

【例】We fortified the bridge with extra supports.

propel

[prəˈpel] vt. 推进，促进（drive, push forward）

【记】pro（前）＋pel（推）→推进

【例】The football player propelled the ball forward with a good kick.

foment

[fəuˈment] vt. 引发（incite, stir up）

【记】比较ferment（酶，酝酿）

【例】The event fomented widespread public opinion.

incite

[inˈsait] vt. 引起；激动；煽动（arouse, provoke; stir）

【记】in（进入）＋cite（唤起）→激起

【例】Troublemakers who incite riots are under arrest.

impulse

[ˈimpʌls] v. 推动（urge, momentum）

【记】比较pulse（脉搏，跳动）

spur

[spəː] vt. 刺激，鞭策（stimulate, provoke, urge）

【例】Spurred by his encouraging students, the teacher started to talk about his first love.

prompt

[prɔmpt] vt. 鼓动（stimulate, motivate）

【例】The man confessed that poverty prompted him to steal.

得到

due

[djuː] adj. 应得的 n. 应得物

【例】You finally received your due.

attainment

[əˈteinmənt] n. 成就（accomplishment, achievement）

【记】at＋tain（拿住）＋ment→得到的→成就

【例】Attainment of the Olympic gold medal thrilled the athlete.

gain

[ɡein] v. 得到，赚到（acquire, benefit, earn, profit, win）

【例】The Smiths gained a small fortune in real estate.

obtain

[əbˈtein] vt. 得到（acquire, attain, gain）

【例】His intelligent work has obtained him great fame.

seize

[siːz] vt. 夺取，捕获（capture）

【例】The airfield was seized by enemy troops.

redeem

[riˈdiːm] vt. 取回；赎回（rescue, save）

【记】re（重新）＋deem（买）→赎回

【例】I redeemed the watch that I had pawned at the pawn shop.

procure

[prəˈkjuə] vt. 获得，取得（acquire, obtain）

【例】He swears he will procure a solution to this difficult problem.

acquire

[əˈkwaiə] vt. 获得（obtain, attain）

【例】Susan acquired an appreciation of classical music.

acquisitive

[əˈkwizitiv] adj. 可获得的

【记】ac＋quisit（得到）＋ive→一再得到→可获得的

【例】She boasts an acquisitive mind.

躲避

elude

[iˈluːd] vt. 躲避（escape, evade）

【记】e（出）＋lude（玩）→玩出去→躲出去

【例】The gangster eluded the police.

elusive

[iˈluːsiv] adj. 躲避的

【记】e（出）＋lus（玩）＋ive

【例】We got a glimpse of the elusive movie star as he entered his private car.

sly

[slai] adj. 躲躲闪闪的（secret, furtive）

【例】The sly spy managed to trap those loyal people.

evade

[iˈveid] vt. 逃避，回避（dodge, avoid）

【记】e＋vade（走）→逃跑

【例】Jane evaded doing her chores at home by pretending to be sick.

evasive

[iˈveisiv] adj. 逃避的，推诿的（elusive, equivocating）

【例】Anne's evasive manner caused me to doubt everything she said.

evasion

[iˈveiʒən] n. 逃避

【例】John's evasion of questions about where he was last night alarmed his parents.

escape

[isˈkeip] v. 避免；逃避

【例】My birds escaped when I accidentally left their cage open.

shun

[ʃʌn] vt. 避开（avoid, eschew）

【例】John shuns businesses that don't employ union labor.

eschew

[isˈʧuː] vt. 避开；远离（avoid; shun）

【例】Jane eschews both alcohol and tobacco.

avoid

[əˈvɔid] vt. 避免，回避，躲开（shun, escape）

【例】I drove carefully to avoid an accident.

dodge

[dɔʤ] vt. 躲开；逃避责任（avoid; evade）

【例】The politician dodged many controversial issues in her speech.

avert

[əˈvəːt] vt. 转移；避免，防止（shift; prevent, avoid）

【记】a＋vert（转）→转开→避免

【例】She averted her eyes from the dying child.

反抗

insubordinate

[ˌinsəˈbɔːdənit] adj. 不服从的（disobedient, rebellious）

【记】in（不）＋subordinate（服从的）

defiant

[diˈfaiənt] adj. 大胆反抗的（hostile, rebellious）

【例】The defiant teenager frequently skipped school.

opposed

[əˈpəuzd] adj. 反对的

【记】oppose（反对）＋d

rebellion

[riˈbeljən] n. 反抗（revolt, opposition）

【记】re（反）＋bell（打斗）＋ion→反抗

resist

[riˈzist] v. 抵抗（oppose）

【记】re（始终）＋sist（坐）→始终以静坐抵抗

【例】They found a bacterium that resisted the antibiotic.

demur

[diˈməː] vi. 抗议（protest, object）

【例】The workers demur at working on Sundays.

traverse

[trəˈvəːs] vt. 反对

【记】tra（横）＋verse（转）→横过

defy

[diˈfai] vt. 蔑视，反抗

【例】If you defy the law, you'll be sent to prison.

反叛

outrageous

[autˈreiʤəs] adj. 暴乱的（offensive, disgraceful）

turbulent

[ˈtəːbjulənt] adj. 骚动的，骚乱的（violent）

riot

[ˈraiət] n. 暴乱，骚动（disturbance, disorder, chaos）

defection

[diˈfekʃən] n. 背叛，缺陷

【记】de（坏）＋fect（做）＋ion→做坏事→背叛

uprising

[ˈʌpraiziŋ] n. 叛乱

【记】来自rise up（起义）

uproar

[ˈʌprɔː] n. 骚动，

【记】up（上）＋roar（吼叫）

turmoil

[ˈtəːmɔil] n. 骚动；混乱（disorder, chaos）

【记】tur＋moil（喧闹）→混乱

【例】The turmoil of exams made the students very irritable.

treason

[ˈtriːzn] n. 通敌，叛国罪（treachery）

rebel

[reˈbel] vi. 谋反

【例】The students rebelled against their government.

rebellion

[riˈbeljən] n. 造反，叛乱

【记】re（反）＋bell（打斗）＋ion→反抗

betray

[biˈtrei] vt. 背叛

【记】be＋tray（盘子）→和盘托出→背叛

【例】The soldier betrayed his country and gave top secret to the enemy.

subvert

[səbˈvəːt] vt. 颠覆，推翻（destroy, undermine）

【记】sub（下面）＋vert（转）→下面转变→颠覆

【例】Writings that subvent the Christianity are forbidden.

plot

[plɔt] vt. 密谋，策划（plan, map out, outline）

【例】They are plotting to rob a bank.

overturn

[ˌəuvəˈtəːn] v. 推翻，颠倒

否定

exclusion

[iksˈkluːʒən] n. 拒绝（rejection）

【例】The exclusion of women from the temple made them feel sad.

decline

[diˈklain] v. 拒绝（refuse）

【例】I declined their offer of help.

relinquish

[riˈliŋkwiʃ] vt. 放弃（abandon, give up, quit）

【记】re（再次）＋linqu（离开）＋ish→再次离开→放弃

【例】The soldiers had to relinquish some unwieldy equipment to their enemies during their retreat.

renounce

[riˈnauns] vt. 放弃，否认（abandon, reject）

【记】re（反）＋nounce（说）→否认

【例】She renounced the position when she got pregnant.

gainsay

[ˈɡeinsei] vt. 否认（deny）

【记】gain＝against（反对）＋say（说）→否认

【例】He is a good man; there is no gainsaying his innocence.

deny

[diˈnai] vt. 否认

【例】They denied the fact by making a fake story.

disclaim

[disˈkleim] vt. 拒绝承认，否认（refuse）

【记】dis＋claim（喊）

【例】Each employee disclaimed responsibility for the mistake.

reject

[riˈʤekt] vt. 拒收（refuse, turn down）

【记】re（回）＋ject（扔）→扔回来→拒收

【例】He rejected their invitation point-blank.

服从

submit

[səbˈmit] vi. 服从（give in, yield）

【例】Christians submit themselves to God's will.

submissive

[səbˈmisiv] adj. 顺从的（obedient, meek）

submission

[səbˈmiʃən] n. 屈服；服从

【记】sub（下面）＋miss（放）＋ion→放在下面→屈服

subjection

[səbˈʤekʃən] n. 服从（subjugation, subduing）

obedience

[əˈbiːdjəns] n. 服从，顺从（deference, submission）

【记】动词obey（服从）

【例】I was pleased by my dog's obedience to my commands.

succumb

[səˈkʌm] vi. 屈服（submit, yield）

【例】The country succumbed after only a short siege.

enthrall

[inˈθrɔːl] vt. 使服从

【记】en＋thrall（奴隶）→使服从

【例】The magician enthralled us with fascinating tricks.

defer

[diˈfəː] vi. 服从，屈从（yield）

【记】de（坏）＋fer（带来）

【例】He defferred to Tim's superior knowledge.

负面效果行为

lash

[læʃ] v. 鞭打（whip, flog）

【例】The horse was lashed because it lagged.

sustain

[səˈstein] vt. 遭受（suffer）

【例】He sustained a fatal injury in the accident.

pervert

[pəːˈvəːt] vt. 导入邪途；曲解（deviate, distort）

【记】per（全部）＋vert（转）→全都转到邪道

【例】The analysis perverts the meaning of the poem.

coddle

[ˈkɔdl] vt. 娇养，溺爱

【例】You coddle your children too much. They are getting spoiled.

entail

[inˈteil] vt. 惹起；使负担（require; involve）

【例】The task entailed strict attention to procedure.

inflict

[inˈflikt] vt. 使遭受（损伤、苦痛等）（incur, impose）

【记】in（进入）＋flict（打斗）→导致痛苦

【例】The economic depression has inflicted hundreds of millions of loss in Asia.

distort

[disˈtɔːt] vt. 歪曲（misrepresent, twist）

【例】An electrical disturbance distorted the picture on the television set.

abuse

[əˈbjuːz] vt. 滥用

【记】ab（不）＋use（使用）→不正当使用→滥用

【例】Rulers who abuse their power should be removed from office.

改良

correct

[kəˈrekt] adj. 正确的 vt. 纠正（ratify）

【记】cor＋rect（直，正）

【例】The answers have been corrected at the back of the workbook.

innovation

[ˌinəuˈveiʃən] n. 改革，革新（reformation）

【记】innovate（革新）＋ion

【例】Susan's design innovations saved the company a great deal of money.

modify

[ˈmɔdifai] vt. 修改（change, adapt）

【记】mod（方式，规范）＋ify→规范化→修改

【例】I modified my travel plans by staying an extra night in Rome.

modification

[ˌmɔdifiˈkeiʃən] n. 更改，修改（change）

ornament

[ˈɔːnəmənt] n. 装饰物；装修（decoration, embellishment）

【记】orn（装饰）＋ament

coax

[kəuks] vt. 耐心调理

【例】Jane coaxed her little baby to sleep.

gild

[ɡild] vt. 虚饰（embellish）

【例】She was gilding the lily by attaching something unnecessary to the new car.

modulate

[ˈmɔdjuleit] vt. 调整（change, modify）

【记】mod（方式，模式）＋ulate→对模式进行调整→调整

【例】The opera singer modulated her voice skillfully.

mend

[mend] vt. 改正，修正（revise, correct）；改进

【例】We must do something to mend his reputation.

renovate

[ˈrenəuveit] vt. 革新（renew, restore）

【记】re（重新）＋nov（新）＋ate→重新翻新→革新

【例】The school is closed for renovation.

substantiate

[səbsˈtænʃieit] vt. 加强（corroborate, verify）

【例】Evidences substantiated that he was the murderer.

strengthen

[ˈstreŋθən] v. 加强，巩固（reinforce）

【例】Our enemy has greatly strengthened during the truce talks.

reinforce

[ˌriːinˈfɔːs] vt. 加强，加固（increase, strengthen）

【记】re（再次）＋in＋force（力量）→再次增加力量

【例】The Congress passed a bill on reinforcing information technology in the coming decade.

garnish

[ˈɡɑːniʃ] vt. 加装饰（adorn, decorate）

【记】garn＝gar（花）＋ish→用花来装饰

【例】The cool drink was garnished with a slice of lemon.

embellish

[emˈbeliʃ] vt. 装饰，修饰（decorate, adorn）

【记】em＋bell（美）＋ish→使美

【例】Anne embellished the shirt collar with lace.

embroider

[imˈbrɔidə] vt. 装饰

【记】em＋broider（刺绣）→用刺绣来装饰

【例】Susan embroidered the edges of all her pillow cases.

temper

[ˈtempə] v. 缓和，调节（modify, modulate）

【例】He tempered his doctrinaire logic with a little practical wisdom.

adjust

[əˈʤʌst] vt. 调节；使适于（adapt）

【记】ad＋just（合适的）

【例】Mary adjusted the TV to get a clearer picture.

refine

[riˈfain] vt. 精炼，精制

【例】He need s to refine his style of writing.

干涉

conciliatory

[kənˈsiliətəri] adj. 善于调解的（reconciling）

【记】concil（协商）＋iatory

【例】One of the diplomats made a few conciliatory suggestions that helped bring about a truce.

hurdle

[ˈhəːdl] n. 障碍（barrier, obstacle）

barrier

[ˈbæriə] n. 栅栏，屏障，障碍（obstacle, block, barricade）

【例】The barrier between the desks gave both workers some privacy.

barricade

[ˈbærikeid] n. 障碍物（barrier, impediment）

【记】barric（阻止）＋ade

【例】The students erected a barricade on campus as a protest.

obstacle

[ˈɔbstəkl] n. 障碍（barrier, impediment）

snag

[snæɡ] n. 障碍（disadvantage, obstacle）

【例】The ship stroke a snag near the bank of the river.

forestall

[fɔːˈstɔːl] v. 预先阻止（prevent, preempt）

【例】Bill forestalled a major crisis by taking care of small problems before they became worse.

intercede

[intəˈsiːd] vi. 调停，求情（intervene, mediate）

【记】inter（中间）＋cede（走）→在中间奔走→调停

【例】Whenever I argued with my brother, my parents would intercede.

intercept

[intəˈsept] vt. 中途拦截；阻止（hold back, stop）

【记】inter（中间）＋cept（拿）→拦截

【例】John threw the football to Susan, but Bob intercepted it.

intervene

[ˌintəˈviːn] vi. 干涉（interfere, influence）

【记】inter（中间）＋vene（来）→来到中间→干涉

【例】The brothers wouldn't stop arguing until their mother intervened.

interfere

[ˌintəˈfiə] vi. 干涉，干预（intervene, meddle）；妨碍

【例】Please stop interfering. This is none of your business.

meddle

[ˈmedl] vi. 干预（interfere, intervene）

【例】Few people like someone who meddles in the affairs of others.

tamper

[ˈtæmpə] vi. 干预（interfere, intervene）

【例】The secretary tampered with the prime minister's schedule.

mediate

[ˈmiːdieit] vt. 调停（intercede, intervene）

【记】medi（中间）＋ate→在中间（走）→调停

【例】The UN is reponsible for mediating between two countries which are at war.

balk

[bɔːk] vt. 妨碍（block, hinder, stall）

【例】His plan was balked.

hinder

[ˈhində] vt. 妨碍（hamper, impede, retard）

【例】The tall fence hindered the children from going to the lake.

hamper

[ˈhæmpə] vt. 妨碍（hinder, impede, handicap）

【例】The fierce storm hampered our efforts to get to town by sunset.

handicap

[ˈhændikæp] vt. 妨碍；使不利（hamper, impede, obstruct）

【例】A sore throat handicapped the singer.

incapacitate

[ˌinkəˈpæsiteit] vt. 使不能（disable, handicap）

【记】比较capacity（能力）

【例】Poor health incapacitated him from work all his life.

prevent

[priˈvent] vt. 阻碍（block, cumber, hinder, obstruct）

【例】His laziness prevented his career.

clog

[klɔɡ] vt. 阻碍（block, jam）

【记】分割记忆c＋log（圆木头）

【例】The accident clogged the highway and caused a traffic jam.

stunt

[stʌnt] vt. 阻碍（hinder, impede）

【例】The barren environment stunt the tree from developing into a big one.

encumber

[inˈkʌmbə] vt. 阻碍，妨碍（burden, hamper）

【记】en＋cumber（躺）→躺着不动→阻碍

【例】there is a hiker who was encumbered with a heavy pack.

obstruct

[əbˈstrʌkt] vt. 阻碍，妨碍（hinder, impede）

【记】ob（反）＋struct（建造）→违规建造→妨碍

【例】Some paper got in the sink and obstructed the drain.

foil

[fɔil] vt. 阻止（defeat, frustrate）

【例】What ultimately foiled his victory was his flawed character.

block

[blɔk] vt. 阻碍（hinder, obstruct）

【例】The tree blocked our view.

跟踪

trace

[treis] n. 痕迹（remnant, residue） vt. 跟踪，追溯（detect）

【例】The cunning fox leaves no traces for the hunters./Trapper who traced the fox for five consecutive weeks finally captured it.

vestige

[ˈvestiʤ] n. 痕迹，遗迹（remnant, trace）

stalk

[stɔːk] v. 跟踪（猎物）（trace）

【例】The hunter carefully stalked the deer.

entrap

[inˈtræp] vt. 以网或陷阱捕捉（trick, entice）

【记】en＋trap（陷阱）

【例】The hounds entrapped the fox.

固定

stationary

[ˈsteiʃənəri] adj. 固定的（fixed, immobile, static）

【例】I think your arm is broken. Try to keep it stationary until we get to the hospital.

immobile

[iˈməubail] adj. 固定的（fixed, stationary）

【记】im（不）＋mobile（能动的）；比较mobile phone（移动电话）

fix

[fiks] v. 固定（set, determine）

【例】He fixed a picture to the wall.

fixed

[fikst] adj. 固定的（stationary）

【记】fix（固定）＋ed

【例】Since this is a new company, there are no fixed rules.

solidly

[ˈsɔlidli] adv. 牢固地（squarely, firmly）

【例】He bases his hypothesis solidly on Newton's theory.

locate

[ˈləukeit] vt. 设置，使位于（situate, set）

【记】loc（地方）＋ate→（找出）地方所在→使位于

【例】The new building will be located in the center of town.

bear

[bɛə] vt. 支撑（support, stand）

【例】Can the ice bear my weight?

install

[inˈstɔːl] vt. 安装，设置（set up, equip）

【记】in（进入）＋stall（停止）→停放在里面→安装

【例】In order to make the computer operate better, they need to install the new software.

set

[set] vt. 放置（situate） adj. 固定的（prescribed, fixed）

【例】The movie was set in the platform of the railway station.

sustain

[səˈstein] vt. 支撑，维持（stand, keep, prolong）

【例】Mary sustained her plants with plenty of water and sunshine.

brace

[breis] vt. 支持，使固定（strengthen, support） n. 支撑物

【例】The rope acted as a brace to hold the tree upright.

观察

perceive

[pəˈsiːv] vt. 察觉到，看见（discern, see）

【记】per（全部）＋ceive（拿到）→觉察

【例】The world we perceived is only a small part of the real world.

perceptive

[pəˈseptiv] adj. 感觉敏锐的，观察入微的（discerning, penetrating）

【记】per（全部）＋cept（知道）＋ive

【例】A perceptive scholar questioned the professor's theory.

detect

[diˈtekt] vt. 探测，发觉（explore, discover）

【例】I detected Bob's lie because he wouldn't look at me directly.

detectable

[diˈtektəbl] adj. 可发觉的，可看穿的（apparent, measurable）

discernible

[diˈsəːnəbl] adj. 可觉察的

inquiry

[ˈinkwaiəri] n. 调查研究（investigation, quest）

observe

[əbˈzəːv] vt. 看到（watch）

【记】TOEFL常考词义为“遵守”

observation

[ˌɔbzəˈveiʃən] n. 观察

【记】动词observe（观，看）

perspective

[pəˈspektiv] n. 透视；观点（view, outlook）

【记】per（全部）＋spect（看）＋ive→远景

【例】Her ability to use perspective gives the appearance of depth to her art.

insight

[ˈinsait] n. 洞察力，见识（understanding）

investigate

[inˈvestiɡeit] v. 调查，研究（research, survey）

【例】The police would investigate this accident.

pierce

[piəs] vt. 洞察

【例】Large glowing yellow eyes pierced the darkness.

survey

[səˈvei] vt. 调查（review, research）；遵守

【例】Two women were surveying the other people on the platform.

scan

[skæn] vt. 浏览，扫描（browse）

【例】They scanned the picture and stored it on the disk.

skim

[skim] vt. 略读（scan）

【例】He skims the book and says it has no use.

spot

[spɔt] vt. 认出（notice, see, sight）

【例】The amateur spotted the comet before the pros.

identify

[aiˈdentifai] vt. 认出（recognize）

【记】iden（相同）＋tify→和（记忆中）相同→认出

【例】The doctor identified the disease that made me sick.

realize

[ˈriəlaiz] vt. 认识到

【例】The man laughed when he realized what had happened.

scrutinize

[ˈskruːtinaiz] vt. 细察（examine, inspect）

【记】scrutin（检查）＋ize

【例】The lawyer had scrutinized all the documents related to this case.

locate

[ˈləukeit] vt. 找出（find）

【记】loc（地方）＋ate→找出地方所在

【例】They tried to locate the source of error.

坚持

irreconcilable

[iˈrekənsailəbl] adj. 不能妥协的（unconformable, incompatible）

【记】ir（不）＋reconcilable（可以和解的）

indomitable

[inˈdɔmitəbl] adj. 不屈不挠的（invincible, relentless）

【记】in（不）＋domit（支配，统治）＋able→不可支配的

sturdy

[ˈstəːdi] adj. 不屈的，顽强的（strong, stout）

【例】The sturdy bridge withstood the shaking of the earthquake.

obstinate

[ˈɔbstinit] adj. 固执的（stubborn）

【记】ob＋stin（站）＋ate→坚决站着→固执的

bigoted

[ˈbiɡətid] adj. 固执己见的（narrow w-minded, intolerant）

【例】The bigoted manager refused to hire minority workers.

persistent

[pəˈsistənt] adj. 坚持不懈的（dogged）

【记】per（始终）＋sist（坐）＋ent→始终坐着→坚持不懈地（背单词）

【例】I told the persistent salesman to leave me alone.

inflexible

[inˈfleksəbl] adj. 坚定的（rigid, unbending）

【记】in（不）＋flexible（灵活的）

steadfast

[ˈstedfæst] adj. 坚决，坚定，不变的（firm, unchanging）

unshaken

[ʌnˈʃeikən] adj. 坚决的，不动摇的

【记】un（不）＋shaken（动摇）

durable

[ˈdjuərəbl] adj. 耐久的，耐用的（lasting, enduring）

【记】dur（持续）＋able

【例】This very durable watch is both waterproof and shatterproof.

tough

[tʌf] adj. 强硬的，坚韧的，粗暴的（strong, hard）

【例】That cop is really tough; she never let any burglar go away out of her hand.

headstrong

[ˈhedstrɔːŋ] adj. 顽固的（obstinate, stubborn）

stubborn

[ˈstʌbən] adj. 顽固的

tenacious

[təˈneiʃəs] adj. 抓住不放的，顽强的（stubborn, resolute）

【记】ten（拿）＋acious

【例】The tenacious applicant soon got the job.

resolute

[ˈrezəluːt] adj. 坚决的（firm, determined, steadfast）

hardheaded

[hɑːdˈhedid] adj. 顽固的（stubborn, obstinate）

【记】hard（硬的）＋head（想法）＋ed→铁石心肠的

stoically

[ˈstəuikli] adv. 坚韧地

fortitude

[ˈfɔːtitjuːd] n. 坚忍，刚毅（endurance, courage）

【记】fort（强）＋itude表示状态→强的状态

【例】The soldiers were given a medal for their fortitude during the battle.

resist

[riˈzist] v. 坚持（withstand）

【记】re（始终）＋sist（坐）→始终坐着→坚持

【例】He could resist no longer.

remain

[riˈmein] vi. 保持，逗留（stay）

【例】He remained at home for the whole day waiting for his lovely girlfriend to come.

persevere

[ˌpəːsiˈviə] vi. 坚持，不屈不挠

【记】比较severe（严重）

【例】You will need to persevere if you want the business to succeed.

perseverance

[ˌpəːsiˈviərəns] n. 坚定不移（persistance, endurance）

maintain

[meinˈtein] vt. 坚持（认为）（keep, sustain, persist, insist）

【记】main＝man（手）＋tain（拿）→用手拿住→保持

【例】No matter how hard we tried to persuade him, he maitained his wrong idea.

insist

[inˈsist] vt. 主张；坚持说（claim; adhere）

【例】She insisted that she never wanted to play hero in the battle.

揭示

implicit

[imˈplisit] adj. 暗示的（inferred, implied）

【记】im（进入）＋plic（重叠）＋it→重叠状态→含蓄的

reflection

[riˈflekʃən] n. 反映（indication, revelation）

【例】Your tone of voice is a reflection of your attitude.

expose

[iksˈpəuz] vt. 使暴露，受到，揭露（uncover, subject to）

【例】The ocean bottom is exposed to a pressure hundreds of times bigger than that of the surface of the earth.

exposure

[iksˈpəuʒə] n. 曝光（disclosure, uncovering）

【例】Because of the reporter's exposure of fraud, the bank president was sentenced to prison.

reveal

[riˈviːl] vt. 展现；揭露（exhibit, expose, disclose）

【例】The doctor didn't reveal the truth to him.

revelation

[ˌrevəˈleiʃən] n. 显示；揭露（disclosure）

unveil

[ʌnˈveil] v. 揭露，显露（disclose, reveal）

【记】un（不）＋veil（罩面纱）→揭开

【例】Anne unveiled her painting at the opening of the art exhibit.

show

[ʃəu] v. 展示（demonstrate）

【例】The jeweler showed the necklace to the customer.

transpire

[trænˈspaiə] vt. 泄露

【例】It was transpired that the king was already dead.

profess

[prəˈfes] vt. 表示（allege, claim, state）

【例】Don't ask me. I didn't profess I was an expert.

signify

[ˈsiɡnifai] vt. 表示，意味着（indicate, mean）

【例】Dark clouds signify that it will rain soon.

bare

[bɛə] vt. 露出（expose）

【例】The dog bared its teeth and growled.

exhibit

[iɡˈzibit] vt. 显示（show）

【记】ex（出）＋hibit（拿）→拿出→展览

【例】Jane exhibited her sculptures at the art museum.

leak

[liːk] vt. 泄漏（seep, escape）

【例】A spy is expected never to leak anything to the opponent, while at the same time get as much information as possible.

divulge

[daiˈvʌlʤ] vt. 泄露（disclose; reveal）

【例】The president asked the managers not to divulge the news of the merger.

denote

[diˈnəut] vt. 指示；表示（indicate, show）

【记】de（加强）＋note（注意）→加强注意→指示

【例】The mark '∧' denotes a place of omission.

indicate

[ˈindikeit] vt. 指示；表示（show, suggest, hint）

【记】in＋dic（言，说）＋ate→表示

【例】The smile on the old man's face indicates that he appreciated my help very much.

betray

[biˈtrei] vt. 泄漏（expose）

【记】be＋tray（盘子）→和盘托出→泄漏

【例】His accent betrayed him a southerner.

控制

irrepressible

[ˌiriˈpresəbl] adj. 不可压制的；难以征服的（insuppressible, uncontrolled）

【记】ir（不）＋repressible（可以压制的）；比较press（压，按）

unruly

[ʌnˈruːli] adj. 难控制的（uncontrollable）

【记】un（不）＋rul（e）（法）＋y

operate

[ˈɔpəreit] vt. 操纵（manipulate, navigate, steer）

【例】He who doesn't know how to oprerate a computer will be left behind the information age.

handle

[ˈhændl] vt. 操纵

【记】hand（手）＋le→操纵

【例】I'm under so much pressure that I can't handle it anymore.

理解

intelligible

[inˈteliʤəbl] adj. 可理解的（apprehensible）

evident

[ˈevidənt] adj. 明白的（obvious, manifest）

【记】e＋vid＝vis（看）＋ent

【例】The happy couple's love for each other is evident.

explicit

[iksˈplisit] adj. 明确的；清楚的（straightforward）

【例】The new tax law is explicit; that type of certificate is tax exempt.

elusive

[iˈluːsiv] adj. 难懂的（elusory, intangible）

【记】e（出）＋lus（玩）＋ive→耍人→让人难懂的

【例】The boy was annoyed by the elusive words while reading the story.

mysterious

[misˈtiəriəs] adj. 神秘的；难以理解的（cryptic; undecipherable）

ignorant

[ˈiɡnərənt] adj. 无知的，不了解的（unaware）

【例】He who is ignorant of the situation can't really understand me.

ignorance

[ˈiɡnərəns] n. 无知

【记】ig（不）＋nor（知道）＋ance

grasp

[ɡræsp] n./v. 领会，理解（understanding, comprehension）

【例】It is said that you do not need to have a grasp of English language to test well.

comprehend

[ˌkɔmpriˈhend] vt. 理解（understand）

【例】I could not comprehend the instructions for operating the computer.

comprehensive

[ˌkɔmpriˈhensiv] adj. 综合的；有理解力的

【例】A comprehensive survey was used to determine public opinion.

掠夺

rapacious

[rəˈpeiʃəs] adj. 强夺的

【记】rap（抓，夺）＋acious

strip

[strip] vt. 剥，夺去（deprive, take off）

【例】He stripped the paper off the wall.

bereave

[biˈriːv] vt. 剥夺（deprive, be devoid of）

【记】be＋reave（抢夺）

【例】He was bereaved of his wife last year.

loot

[luːt] vt. 掠夺（plunder, seize）

【例】Following the explosions in the town centre, groups of robbers looted the shops.

harry

[ˈhæri] vt. 掠夺；折磨（harass, pester）

【例】We have to harry him for money.

ravage

[ˈræviʤ] vt. 掠夺

【例】A tornado ravaged the countryside.

grind

[ɡraind] vt. 折磨；压榨（crush, mill）

【例】Laws grind the poor, and rich men rule the law.

torment

[ˈtɔːment] vt. 折磨（anguish, agony）

【例】The murderer was tormented by guilt.

迷惑

equivocal

[iˈkwivəkəl] adj. 模棱两可的，意义不清的（ambiguous）

【记】equi（平的）＋voc（声音）＋al→用平平的声音→意义不清的

enigma

[iˈniɡmə] n. 谜（mystery）

【例】The enigma surrounding the murder perplexed the detective.

enigmatic

[ˌeniɡˈmætik] adj. 像谜般的，神秘的（mysterious, secretive）

【例】The Egyptian pyramids seem quite enigmatic to the people of modern times.

maze

[meiz] n. 迷宫；迷惑（complexity, labyrinth）

【记】比较maize（玉米）

labyrinth

[ˈlæbərinθ] n. 迷宫；错综复杂之事件

riddle

[ˈridl] n. 谜（puzzle, mystery）

puzzle

[ˈpʌzl] n. 难题，谜（mystery） v. （使）迷惑

elude

[iˈluːd] vt. 困惑

【记】e（出）＋lude（玩）→玩出去→躲出去

【例】The gangster eluded the police.

captivate

[ˈkæptiveit] vt. 迷惑（attract, fascinate, enamour）

【例】The entertaining game captivated the children.

enthrall

[inˈθrɔːl] vt. 迷惑（captivate）

【记】en＋thrall（奴隶）

【例】The magician enthralled us with fascinating tricks.

bewilder

[biˈwildə] vt. 迷惑，把…弄糊涂（befuddle, confuse）

【例】Jimmy's strange behavior bewildered his parents.

perplex

[pəˈpleks] vt. 迷惑，困惑，难住（puzzle, confuse）

【记】per（全部）＋plex（交错重叠）→困惑

【例】The question perplexed me.

tangle

[ˈtæŋɡl] vt. 使缠结，使纠缠（knot, snarl）

【例】Her hair got all tangled up in the fence.

confound

[kənˈfaund] vt. 使糊涂，迷惑（confuse, puzzle）

【例】My computer confounds and annoys me daily.

entangle

[inˈtæŋɡl] vt. 使纠缠；使迷惑（embroil; involve）

【记】en＋tangle（纠缠）

【例】The fishing line became entangled in the weeds.

fascinate

[ˈfæsineit] vt. 使迷惑（enchant, enthrall, intrigue）

【例】He's fascinated with Buddhist ceremonies.

blur

[bləː] vt. 使模糊（become indistinct）

【例】His eyes were blurred with tears.

dazzle

[ˈdæzl] vt. 使目眩；使迷惑（blind, bewilder）

【例】The excellent performance dazzled the audience.

判断

dogmatic

[dɔɡˈmætik] adj. 教条的；武断的（opinionated; arbitrary）

【例】The book explained the dogmatic principles of the religion.

illegible

[iˈleʤəbl] adj. 难辨认的（unreadable）

【记】il（不）＋legible（可读的）→不能读的

【例】Parts of the document are faded and illegible.

pending

[ˈpendiŋ] adj. 未决的（suspending）

【记】pend（挂）＋ing

【例】The date of our next meeting is still pending.

resolve

[riˈzɔlv] vt. 决定（determine）

【例】He resolved on going out.

resolved

[riˈzɔlvd] adj. 下定决心的

determine

[diˈtəːmin] vt. 决定（fix, calculate, evaluate）

【例】Anne has determined that she will win the election.

determination

[diˌtəːmiˈneiʃən] n. 决定，决心

【例】Jane's determination to overcome her handicap was an inspiration to everyone.

discretion

[disˈkreʃən] n. 判断力

【例】The decorator showed no discretion in her purchases for our new house, everything costing too much money.

decide

[diˈsaid] v. 决定（determine）

【例】I could not decide on what to order from the menu.

deem

[diːm] v. 认为（think, consider）

【例】He deems highly of this plan.

vindicate

[ˈvindikeit] vt. 辨明

【例】I consider that I have been completely vindicated.

discern

[diˈsəːn] vt. 辨明（detect, distinguish）

【例】I can't discern the difference between the twins.

assert

[əˈsəːt] vt. 断言，宣称（declare）

【例】The lawyer asserted that his client was innocent.

conclude

[kənˈkluːd] vt. 推断出，断定

【例】The scientist examined the data and concluded that the theory was invalid.

affirm

[əˈfəːm] vt. 断言

【记】af（一再）＋firm（肯定）→断言

【例】The court affirmed the accused to be innocent.

破坏

breakdown

[ˈbreikdaun] n. 崩溃，倒塌；失败

【例】After his father's death, Tom was on the verge of a breakdown.

collapse

[kəˈlæps] n./v. 倒塌，崩溃（crash）

【记】col（共同）＋lapse（滑下）→倒塌

【例】Jane's marriage collapsed after only three years./The collapse of the stock market in 1929 signaled the beginning of the Depression.

breach

[briːtʃ] n. 破裂（opening, break）

【例】The flood was caused by a small breach in the dam.

shatter

[ˈʃætə] n. 碎片（fragment） v. 粉碎（break）

【例】The explosion shattered every window in the house.

scrap

[skræp] n. 碎片，废料

fragment

[ˈfræɡmənt] n. 碎片，破片（piece, scrap）

【记】frag（随）＋ment

fracture

[ˈfræktʃə] n./v. 断裂（break）

【记】fract（碎裂）＋ure→碎的状态→骨折

rupture

[ˈrʌptʃə] n./v. 破裂，决裂（burst, breach）

【记】rupt（断）＋ure

【例】Water streamed from the rupture in the pipe.

crumble

[ˈkrʌmbl] v. 粉碎，崩溃（collapse, crash）

【记】比较crumb（面包屑，小量）

【例】His last hope crumbled to nothing.

squash

[skwɔʃ] v. 压碎（flatten, squeeze）

【例】The ripe tomato squashed when it fell to the floor.

crash

[kræʃ] v. 撞碎（crumble, shatter）

【例】The vase crashed when it fell off the bookcase.

ravage

[ˈræviʤ] vt. 破坏（devastate, ruin）

【例】A tornado ravaged the countryside.

raze

[reiz] vt. 摧毁（damage, bulldoze, demolish）

【例】The old school was razed to ground and a new one was built.

demolish

[diˈmɔliʃ] vt. 破坏（destroy, raze）

【记】demol（破坏）＋ish

【例】The car was demolished in the accident.

disfigure

[disˈfiɡə] vt. 破坏（destroy, wreck）

【记】dis＋figure（形象）→破坏（形象）

【例】The forest fire disfigured the landscape.

frustrate

[ˈfrʌstreit] vt. 破坏；挫败（baffle, thwart）

【例】The failure in the first battle frustrated the soldiers.

smash

[smæʃ] vt. 破碎（shatter, destroy）

【例】I accidentally smashed the window with a baseball.

devastate

[ˈdevəsteit] vt. 使荒废；破坏（destroy, demolish）

【记】de＋vast（大量）＋ate→大量弄坏

【例】Hurricanes often devastate the coffee crop.

devastation

[ˌdevəsˈteiʃən] n. 毁坏

disrupt

[disˈrʌpt] vt. 使中断，使分裂（disturb, disorder）

【记】比较rupture（破裂）

【例】An emergency announcement disrupted the TV show.

mangle

[ˈmæŋɡl] vt. 撕裂，毁坏（mutilate）

【记】比较mingle（混合）

【例】The symphony was dreadfully mangled.

spoil

[spɔil] vt. 损坏，糟蹋（decay, ruin, rot, go bad）；宠坏

【例】Mary spoiled her children with expensive toys.

engulf

[inˈɡʌlf] vt. 吞没，吞食（devour, swallow）

【记】en＋gulf（沟）→使入沟→吞没

【例】Huge waves engulfed the small boat.

devour

[diˈvauə] vt. 吞食，吞没；毁灭（eat up, consume）

【记】de＋vour（吞食）

【例】Halfway up the mountain, the hungry hikers devoured their food.

crumple

[ˈkrʌmpl] vt. 压皱（rumple, wrinkle）

【例】Anne crumpled the letter and threw it away.

crush

[krʌʃ] vt. 榨，挤，压碎（crunch）

【例】The huge machine crushed the rocks into small stones.

disintegration

[disˌintiˈɡreiʃən] n. 瓦解

rift

[rift] n. 裂缝，裂口，断裂

ruins

[ruinz] n. 毁灭，崩溃，废墟，遗迹

强迫

compulsive

[kəmˈpʌlsiv] adj. 强迫的（irresistible, obsessive, obsessed）

【例】Bill is compulsive about saving everything. He can't throw anything away.

pressure

[ˈpreʃə] n. 压迫（tension）

【记】press（压）＋ure

【例】He feels the pressure soon after he takes up the job.

tease

[tiːz] vt. 强求

【例】The girl was teasing their mother for more candy.

compel

[kəmˈpel] vt. 强迫（coerce, force）

【例】The boss compelled us to work over the weekend.

constrain

[kənˈstrein] vt. 强迫（compel）

【例】Hunger constrained the orphan to beg for food.

accelerate

[ækˈseləreit] vt. 迫使

【记】ac＋celer（速度）＋ate→加速

勤奋

laborious

[ləˈbɔːriəs] adj. 勤劳的

【记】labor（劳动）＋ious→劳动的，勤劳的

【例】Anne received a raise for her laborious efforts.

industrious

[inˈdʌstriəs] adj. 勤勉的（assiduous, diligent, sedulous）

assiduous

[əˈsidjuəs] adj. 勤勉的（diligent, industrious）

【记】as＋sid（坐）＋uous→一直坐着（工作）→勤勉的

【例】The assiduous student worked hard to earn her degree.

diligent

[ˈdiliʤənt] adj. 勤勉的，勤奋的（industrious, assidous）

【例】The diligent workers finished the project on time.

serious

[ˈsiəriəs] adj. 认真的（careful）

【例】The girl carried on serious study of Italian.

cordial

[ˈkɔːdjəl] adj. 真诚的，诚恳的（friendly）

【记】cord（心）＋ial→以心相对→真诚的

【例】Our cordial hostess offered to hang up our coats.

deliberate

[diˈlibərit] adj. 认真的，故意的（careful; intentional, purposive）

【记】de＋liber（自由）＋ate

【例】It's a deliberate decision by the school board.

attempt

[əˈtempt] n. 努力，尝试（effort） vt. 尝试（try, endeavor）

effort

[ˈefət] n. 努力，成就（attempt, exertion, endeavor）

endeavor

[inˈdevə] vi. 努力（strive, struggle, try）

【例】Tom endeavored to get better grades in college.

strive

[straiv] vi. 努力，奋斗；力求（endeavor, struggle）

【例】The poor family strived to pay the rent each month.

忍受

reluctant

[riˈlʌktənt] adj. 不情愿的，勉强的（unwilling）

【例】Jane seems reluctant to marry Jim.

tolerate

[ˈtɔləreit] vt. 忍受，容忍；宽恕（bear, put up with）

【例】I could not tolerate my neighbor's loud stereo any longer.

tolerable

[ˈtɔlərəbl] adj. 可容忍的（bearable, endurable）

insufferable

[inˈsʌfərəbl] adj. 难以忍受的（unbearable）

【记】in（不）＋sufferable（忍受的）

undergo

[ˌʌndəˈɡəu] vt. 经历，忍受（experience）

【例】The family underwent the great hardship in the past 10 years.

stand

[stænd] vt. 忍受（bear, tolerate）

【例】Birds with feathers could easily stand the cold winter here; they still migrate in winter.

endure

[inˈdjuə] vt. 忍受，容忍（bear, tolerate）

【例】I hope your house will endure the coming hurricane.

abide

[əˈbaid] vt. 忍受

【记】abide by（遵守）

【例】His boss couldn't abide his incompetence any more and fired him.

认可

permit

[pəˈmit] vt. 允许（allow, consent）

【例】Do you permit your children to smoke?

permissible

[pəˈmisəbl] adj. 可容许的

【记】per（全部）＋miss（放开）＋ible→容许的

permissive

[pəˈmisiv] adj. 许可的（allowable）

【例】His permissive answer cheered the students up.

tacit

[ˈtæsit] adj. 心照不宣的，默许的（unspoken, implicit）

【例】What is tacit in her obscure refusal is that you still have hope.

reception

[riˈsepʃən] n. 接受（acceptance, admission）

connive

[kəˈnaiv] vi. 纵容，默许

【例】The guards were suspected of conniving at the prisoner's escape.

connivance

[kəˈnaivəns] n. 默许

concede

[kənˈsiːd] vi. 让步；承认（admit, accept）

【记】con＋cede（让）

【例】I conceded and admitted I was wrong.

concession

[kənˈseʃən] n. 让步，迁就（compromise, bargain）

【记】concede（让步）的名词

【例】The governor would make no concessions on the issue of crime.

recognize

[ˈrekəɡnaiz] vt. 认识；认出；承认（acknowledge）

【例】I recognized Peter although I hadn't seen him for 10 years.

recognition

[ˌrekəɡˈniʃən] n. 认识；承认（realization）

nod

[nɔd] n./vi. 点头，首肯（consent, approve）

confess

[kənˈfes] v. 忏悔，坦白（confide, disclose）

【例】John confessed that he broke the window.

approve

[əˈpruːv] v. 赞成，称许；批准（agree, assent）

【记】ap＋prove（证明）

【例】My parents approved of my date.

comply

[kəmˈplai] vi. 顺从（obey），应允

【例】A good citizen complies with the laws of the country.

concur

[kənˈkəː] vi. 同意（consent）

【例】After hearing my point, Bill concurred with me.

avow

[əˈvau] vt. 公开承认（acknowledge, declare, admit）

【记】a＋vow（誓言）

【例】He avowed that he would never cooperate with them again.

ratify

[ˈrætifai] vt. 批准（approve, endorse）

【例】The government ratified the treaty.

guarantee

[ˌɡærənˈtiː] vt. 确保（secure, assure）

【例】No one can guarantee that you will pass the exam if you don't work hard.

endorse

[inˈdɔːs] vt. 确认；赞同，支持（support, ratify, certify）

【例】The labor union endorsed the democratic candidate for president.

corroborate

[kəˈrɔbəreit] vt. 确证（confirm, substantiate）

【记】cor＋robor（力量）＋ate→强化

【例】These data corroborate the hypothesis of the experiment.

grant

[ɡrɑːnt] vt. 准予

【例】The governor granted the petitioner's request.

admit

[ədˈmit] vt. 承认（acknowledge, accept）

【例】You should admit the truth.

acknowledge

[əkˈnɔliʤ] vt. 承认（admit, accept）

【例】Bill acknowledged his failure to complete the job.

affirm

[əˈfəːm] vt. 批准

【记】af（一再）＋firm（肯定）→断言

pardon

[ˈpɑːdn] vt. 原谅，宽恕

【例】Pardon, I didn't quite catch your meaning.

失误

innocent

[ˈinəsnt] adj. 幼稚的

【记】in（无）＋noc（害）＋ent→无害的

【例】The bad guy introduced innocent children to drugs, which caused a bad influence on the society.

regardless

[riˈɡɑːdlis] adj. 不管，不顾（despite, whatever, not with standing）

heedless

[ˈhiːdlis] adj. 不留心的

erroneous

[iˈrəunjəs] adj. 错误的（incorrect, mistaken）

【例】The so-called facts you gave me were totally erroneous.

neglect

[niɡˈlekt] vt. 疏忽（ignore, overlook）；忘记

【记】neg（不）＋lect（选择）→不选择→忽视

【例】If you neglect this property, it will depreciate.

negligent

[ˈneɡliʤənt] adj. 忽略的

negligence

[ˈneɡliʤəns] n. 过失；疏忽

ridiculous

[riˈdikjuləs] adj. 荒谬的

【例】It is ridiculous to become angry about such an insignificant matter.

slovenly

[ˈslʌvənli] adj. 马虎的

credulous

[ˈkredjuləs] adj. 轻信的

【记】cred（相信）＋ulous

useless

[ˈjuːslis] adj. 无效的（invalid, futile）

futile

[ˈfjuːtl] adj. 无益的；徒劳的（useless; vain）

【例】It would be futile for you to explain it again. I just don't understand algebra.

offhand

[ɔfˈhænd] adj. 无准备的（unprepared, impromptu）

【例】I gave an offhand guess that it's about three o'clock.

fallible

[ˈfæləbl] adj. 易错的

【记】fall（错误）＋ible→犯错误的

【例】He knows every rule in the factory, but still fallible.

defect

[ˈdiːfekt] n. 缺陷（fault, shortcomings, imperfection）

【记】de（坏）＋fect（做）→做坏了→缺陷

【例】The manufacturer didn't sell the car due to a defect in the engine.

defective

[diˈfektiv] adj. 有缺陷的

【例】His defective hearing has affected his pronunciation.

drawback

[ˈdrɔːbæk] n. 弊端（disadvantage, defect, demerit）

【例】The drawback to working the morning shift is having to get up early.

flaw

[flɔː] n. 缺点，瑕疵（fault, defect）

【例】The flaw in your theory is that you didn't account for gravity.

oblivion

[əˈbliviən] n. 忘却，遗忘

【记】ob（离开）＋liv（活）＋ion→忘却

【例】The once popular writer's works were consigned to oblivion after he died.

blunder

[ˈblʌndə] v. 犯大错（make foolish mistakes, bungle）

【例】I really blundered when I forgot to introduce my friends.

expire

[iksˈpaiə] vi. 失效（terminate）

【记】ex＋pire（呼吸）→离开呼吸→断气

【例】John's driver's license expired last week.

overlook

[ˌəuvəˈluk] vt. 忽略（ignore, neglect）；疏忽

【记】来自look over（忽视）

【例】You have overlooked several of the mistakes in this work.

ignore

[iɡˈnɔː] vt. 忽视（disregard, neglect）

【记】i（不）＋gnore（知道）→不知道→不理睬

【例】Ignoring something will not make it go away.

omit

[əuˈmit] vt. 省略，省去；遗漏（exclude, leave out）

【例】He is a celebrity; don't omit his name in the list.

absurd

[əbˈsəːd] adj. 荒谬的（ridiculous）

【记】ab（离开）＋surd（合理的）→不合理的→荒谬的

【例】Wearing a swimming suit during a snowstorm is absurd.

abortive

[əˈbɔːtiv] adj. 失败的（unsuccessful）

【记】abort（放弃）＋ive→失败的

err

[əːr] vi. 犯错（mistake）

【例】Bill erred when he said Detroit is the capital of Michigan.

思考

consider

[kənˈsidə] vt. 考虑

【例】Mary considered each option before making a decision.

considerate

[kənˈsidərit] adj. 考虑周到的（thoughtful）

【例】Jane is so considerate. She's always doing favors for people.

meditative

[ˈmediteitiv] adj. 深思的（thoughtful）

【记】动词meditate（思考）

【例】Once again Newton sat under the apple tree with a meditative appearance.

tender

[ˈtendə] adj. 细心的；考虑周到的

conscious

[ˈkɔnʃəs] adj. 有意识的

【例】I fainted briefly but was conscious again in a few seconds.

recollection

[ˌrekəˈlekʃən] n. 记起，回想（remembrance, memory）

ruminate

[ˈruːmineit] v. 沉思（meditate）

【例】I ruminated a while before answering the question.

speculate

[ˈspekjuleit] v. 推测；沉思（hypothesize, conjecture）

【例】He speculated there will be a comet visiting the earth this May, but failed.

ponder

[ˈpɔndə] vt. 考虑 vi. 沉思（meditate）

【记】pond（重量）＋er→掂重量→考虑

【例】He and the council had already pondered the list of members who returned to the parliament.

embalm

[imˈbɑːm] vt. 铭记

【例】Ancient Egyptians used oils and natural substances to embalm the dead.

contemplate

[ˈkɔntempleit] vt. 凝视；沉思（muse, ponder）

【例】Philosophers contemplate the existence of humankind.

elevate

[ˈeliveit] vt. 提高（思想）

【记】e（出）＋lev（举）＋ate→举出→升高

【例】A child should be given books which elevate his mind.

recall

[riˈkɔːl] vt. 忆起，记忆（recollect, remember）

【例】The victim was asked to recall what happend to him the day when he was robbed.

haunt

[hɔːnt] vt. 萦绕于心

【例】Memories haunt him like ghosts.

探索

venture

[ˈventʃə] n./vi. 冒险（risk），冒昧

【例】May I venture to ask you a question, sir?

risk

[risk] n./vt. 冒险

【例】You should not have risked the confrontation with the government.

probe

[prəub] v. 探查（investigation, inspection）

【例】The detective probed into the circumstances of the murder.

explore

[iksˈplɔː] v. 探险，探索（search）

【记】ex＋plore（大喊）→喊出来→探索

【例】The adventurer explored a dangerous underground cave.

seek

[siːk] v. 寻找，探求（endeavor, try, campaign for, search for）

【例】We sought an answer to the question, but couldn't find one.

grope

[ɡrəup] vi. 摸索（fumble, search）

【例】Tom groped around in the dark until he found the light switch.

ferret

[ˈferit] vt. 搜索（search）

【例】The detective finally ferreted out the criminal.

拖延

tardy

[ˈtɑːdi] adj. 延迟的（late, slow）

【记】tard（迟缓）＋y

【例】The tardy student tried to sneak into class.

perpetuate

[pəˈpetʃueit] vt. 使…永恒，使…延续

【例】Every kind of plant has its own way to perpetuate itself.

detain

[diˈtein] vt. 使延迟（delay, retard）

【记】de＋tain（拿，抓）→拘留

【例】Please do not detain me; I am in a hurry.

delay

[diˈlei] vt. 推迟，耽搁，延误（detain, postpone）

【例】Today I will delay this matter till I can decide what I should do.

prolong

[prəˈlɔŋ] vt. 拖长，延长（extend, lengthen）

【记】pro（向前）＋long（长）→延长

【例】His journey to China was prolonged because there is too much to see.

protract

[prəuˈtrækt] vt. 延长（lengthen, prolong）

【记】pro（前）＋tract（拉）→延长

【例】Let's not protract the debate any longer.

retard

[riˈtɑːd] vt. 延迟（detain）

【记】re（使）＋tard（迟缓）→延迟

【例】The heavy winds retarded the plane's speed.

postpone

[ˌpəustˈpəun] vt. 延搁（delay, put off）

【记】post（后）＋pone→推后

【例】The meeting was postponed by one day because my boss was sick.

defer

[diˈfəː] vt. 延期（delay, postpone）

【记】de（坏）＋fer（带来）

【例】Mike deferred his judgment until he heard more explanation.

adjourn

[əˈʤəːn] vt. 延期（defer, delay）

【例】The meeting was adjourned until four o'clock.

习惯

inclined

[inˈklaind] adj. 倾向…的（liable）

【记】in（内）＋clin（倾斜）＋ed→内心的倾向

【例】The weak girl is inclined to get tired easily.

prone

[prəun] adj. 倾向于（liable）

【例】The lazy man is prone to idleness.

habitually

[həˈbitjuəli] adv. 习惯地

【记】habit（习惯）＋ually

bent

[bent] n. 爱好；倾向

【例】Jimmy showed a bent for music so his parents let him take piano lessons.

aptitude

[ˈæptitjuːd] n. 自然倾向

【记】apti（能力）＋tude

【例】I have no musical aptitude and I can't even sing a simple tune.

propensity

[prəˈpensiti] n. 倾向（inclination）

【例】Anne has a propensity for eating when she's nervous.

trend

[trend] n. 倾向，趋势（tendency, propensity）

penchant

[ˈpentʃənt] n. 倾向；爱好（inclination; preference）

【记】pen（笔）＋chant（咏唱）→用笔“歌唱”→爱好

custom

[ˈkʌstəm] n. 习惯

【例】Carving pumpkins into grotesque heads is a Halloween custom in the United States.

accustomed

[əˈkʌstəmd] adj. 习惯的（habitual, conventional）

【记】be accustomed to 习惯于

【例】The recent immigrants have not yet become accustomed to American food.

interest

[ˈintrist] n. 兴趣

tend

[tend] vi. 趋向，往往是（care for, prone）

【例】Female drivers tend to drive slower than male ones, which resulted in less accidents.

inure

[iˈnjuə] vt. 使习惯（accustom）

【例】The doctors were inured to such injuries.

限制

temperance

[ˈtempərəns] n. 节制，自制（self-control, moderation）；戒酒

【例】His temperance couldn't be counted on, otherwise he would not have become addicted.

bondage

[ˈbɔndiʤ] n. 束缚

【例】Lincoln emancipated the slaves from their bondage.

deterrent

[diˈterənt] n. 制止物，威慑物

【记】de＋ter（吓唬）＋rent

【例】Thoughts of his parents' anger served as a strong deterrent when Mike considered misbehaving.

neutralize

[ˈnjuːtrəlaiz] v. 压制

【例】Alkalis neutralize acids.

check

[tʃek] v. 抑制（restrain, stop）

【例】Raising interest rate is commonly used as a tool to check inflation.

circumscribe

[ˈsəːkəmskraib] vt. 划界限；限制（encompass, encircle）

【记】circum（绕圈）＋scribe（画）→画圈

【例】The moves you can make in a chess game are circumscribed by the rules of the game.

shackle

[ˈʃækl] vt. 加桎梏，束缚（chain, fetter）

【例】Women in the past were shackled by outdated attitudes.

fetter

[ˈfetə] vt. 束缚，羁绊（restrict, inhibit）

【例】I hate to be fettered by rules and regulations.

restrict

[risˈtrikt] vt. 限制（restrain, limit）

【例】He restricted himself to two cigarettes a day.

restrain

[risˈtrein] vt. 限制（restrict, limit）

【记】re＋stain（拉紧）→限制

【例】The alcoholist tried his best to restrain himself from alcohol.

confine

[kənˈfain] vt. 限制

【记】con（全部）＋fine（限制）→全限制

【例】Bill confined his dog to the house all day.

quell

[kwel] vt. 压制（quash, suppress）

【例】The army quelled the rebellion.

curb

[kəːb] vt. 抑制（check, control）

【例】In the 1970's, many governments' efforts to curb inflation were unsuccessful.

bound

[baund] n. 限制

leash

[liːʃ] n./v. 束缚

【例】I managed to hold my anger in leash.

学习

literate

[ˈlitərit] adj. 有文化的，能读写的

【记】liter（文学）＋ate

chalk

[tʃɔːk] n. 白垩，粉笔 vt. 用粉笔写

【例】The kids chalked pictures onto the sidewalk.

transcript

[ˈtrænskript] n. 成绩单

scholarship

[ˈskɔləʃip] n. 奖学金

article

[ˈɑːtikl] n. 论文，文章

【例】The last article in the publisher's contract explained the author's rights.

ken

[ken] n. 视野；知识（knowledge）

【记】比较kin（亲戚）

stationery

[ˈsteiʃənəri] n. 文具

brochure

[brəuˈʃjuə] n. 小册子（pamphlet）

pamphlet

[ˈpæmflit] n. 小册子

credit

[ˈkredit] n. 学分

【例】This college course is worth three credits.

semester

[səˈmestə] n. 学期（term）

thesis

[ˈθiːsis] n. 学位论文

discourse

[disˈkɔːs] n. 演讲（lecture）；论文（disquisition）

【例】Eventually the discourse at the party came around to politics.

margin

[ˈmɑːʤin] n. 页边的空白（edge, rim），栏外

term

[təːm] n. 学期；专用名词

【例】Knowing more technical terms gives a translator more advantages.

discipline

[ˈdisiplin] v. 训练（manage）；学科，纪律

【例】The five little kids stand in a line, showing that they are well disciplined.

commence

[kəˈmens] vi. 获得学位

cram

[kræm] vt. 仓促用功

【例】He was up all night cramming for the history midterm.

academic

[ˌækəˈdemik] adj. 学院的（collegiate）；理论的

【例】John was invited to give an academic address at a conference.

遗留

heredity

[hiˈrediti] n. 遗传

【例】Both a person's heredity and environment help to shape his character.

heritage

[ˈheritiʤ] n. 遗产（legacy, bequest）

bequest

[biˈkwest] n. 遗产（legacy, heritage），遗传

【例】The bequest was subject to heavy taxes.

legacy

[ˈleɡəsi] n. 遗产（bequest, heritage），遗物

【例】My farm is a legacy from my grandfather.

relic

[ˈrelik] n. 遗物，遗迹，废墟，纪念物

remains

[riˈmeins] n. 残余，遗迹，遗体

运动

stray

[strei] adj. 漂泊的（wandering, random）；走失的

【例】The stray dog was picked up by the dog catcher because he had no collar.

roam

[rəum] n./v. 漫步（wander）

【例】Visitors roamed around the town.

stalk

[stɔːk] v. 阔步

【例】The man stalked off in a huff.

rumble

[ˈrʌmbl] v. 隆隆行驶（grumble, roar）

【例】The truck rumbled along the road.

scale

[skeil] n./v. 攀登（climb, raise）

【例】The athletes scaled the peak.

ascend

[əˈsend] v. 攀登，登高（climb）

【记】a＋scend（爬）→爬上→攀登

【例】The businessman steadily ascended in the ranks of his company./As Jane ascended the mountain, Bill took pictures.

budge

[bʌʤ] v. 移动（move）

【例】The lid of the jar was stuck tight and would not budge.

locomote

[ˌləukəˈməut] vi. 移动，行动（move）

traverse

[trəˈvəːs] vt. 走过（span, stretch across）

【记】tra（横）＋verse（转）→横过

【例】The road traverses a wild and mountainous region.

stroll

[strəul] vt. 漫步（walk, ramble）

【例】We strolled through the park.

insinuate

[inˈsinjueit] vt. 迂回进入

【记】in（进入）＋sinu（弯曲）＋ate→绕着弯进入→迂回进入

【例】The ivy insinuates itself into every crevice.

zigzag

[ˈziɡzæɡ] n. Z字形，锯齿形，蜿蜒曲折

motion

[ˈməuʃən] n. 运动，动作 v. 运动

【记】mot（动）＋ion

战胜

unquenchable

[ʌnˈkwentʃəbl] adj. 不可熄灭的，不能遏制的（insatiable）

lag

[læɡ] n./vi. 落后（drag, trail）

subjection

[səbˈʤekʃən] n. 征服

overcome

[ˌəuvəˈkʌm] v. 战胜，胜过（defeat, surmount）

【例】He overcame a strong temptation to run away.

surpass

[səˈpɑːs] vt. 超过，超越，胜过（exceed, surmount）

【记】比较pass（通过）

【例】The excellent runner surpassed all previous records.

transcend

[trænˈsend] vt. 超越（surpass, go beyond）

【记】tran（超过）＋scend（爬）

【例】The genius of Shakespeare transcended that of all other English poets.

surmount

[səːˈmaunt] vt. 克服；登上；越过（conquer, overcome, exceed, surpass）

【记】sur（超过）＋mount（山）→登上（山顶）→超越困难

【例】Mary surmounted the problems caused by her handicap and finished college.

precede

[priːˈsiːd] vt. 先于 vi. 领先（come before）

【记】pre（前）＋cede（走）→领先

【例】An informal meeting will precede the conference.

vanquish

[ˈvæŋkwiʃ] vt. 征服，克服（conquer, overcome）

【例】They successfully vanquished the enemy.

All human wisdom is summed up in two words—wait and hope.

—Alexandre Dumas Pére

人类所有的智慧可以归结为两个词——等待和希望。

——大仲马

连　线　题

左列单词在右列中有一个或多个同义词，请画线连接。

（一）

（二）

（三）

（四）

连线题答案

（一）

（二）

（三）

（四）

Word List 33

语　言

记忆小贴士：循环记忆法

人脑有一个特点，对某个信息要反复刺激才能记住。循环记忆法，就是基于此点。它的诀窍在不断的快速循环记忆中记牢单词。

诽谤

injurious

[inˈʤuriəs] adj. 侮辱，诽谤的；有害的（harmful, deleterious）

【记】injury＋ous

asperse

[əsˈpəːs] vt. 诽谤（slander）

【记】a＋sperse（散开）→散布坏东西→诽谤

【例】Don't asperse my reputation.

aspersion

[əsˈpəːʃən] n. 诽谤

【例】I resent your casting aspersions on my brother and his ability.

indignity

[inˈdiɡniti] n. 侮辱

malign

[məˈlain] vt. 诋毁，诽谤（defame, slander）

【例】"Have I not taken your part when you were maligned?"

defame

[diˈfeim] vt. 诽谤，损毁名誉（slander, malign）

【记】de＋fame（名声）

【例】The politician defamed his opponent in his speech.

disparage

[disˈpæriʤ] vt. 轻视；毁谤（denigrate, depreciate）

【记】dis＋par（平等）＋age→不平等→贬低

【例】Before you disparage this idea, give us a better one.

humiliate

[hjuːˈmilieit] vt. 屈辱；贬抑（shame, humble, insult）

【记】hum（地）＋iliate→使人想找地缝→羞辱别人

【例】Dave's cruel jokes humiliated me.

slander

[ˈslændə] n./vt. 造谣，诽谤（defame, malign）

【例】To utter or spread slander is against the law.

insult

[ˈinsʌlt] n./vt. 侮辱，凌辱

【例】He insulted her by calling her a stupid fool.

讽刺

satirical

[səˈtirəkl] adj. 讽刺的（acid, sardonic）

sardonic

[sɑːˈdɔnik] adj. 讽刺的，嘲笑的（sarcastic, derisive）

【例】Bill's sardonic sense of humor is often misunderstood.

sarcastic

[sɑːˈkæstik] adj. 讽刺的，挖苦的

【例】I was being sarcastic when I said this movie was thrilling. It's really bad.

sarcasm

[ˈsɑːkæzəm] n. 讽刺，挖苦（irony, scorn）

cynical

[ˈsinikəl] adj. 讥讽的，冷嘲热讽的（contemptuous, sarcastic）

【例】His cynical remarks simply show how uninformed he is.

mock

[mɔk] n. 嘲弄 vt. 嘲弄，挖苦（mimic, ridicule）

taunt

[tɔːnt] n./vt. 嘲笑（tease, insult）

【记】比较daunt（恐吓）

【例】They taunted Tom into losing his temper.

jeer

[ʤiə] vi. 揶揄，嘲笑（deride, gibe）

【例】Don't jeer at the person who came last in the race—it's very unkind.

flout

[flaut] vt. 嘲弄（scoff, despise）

【例】He flouted his mother's advice.

sneer

[sniə] vt. 嘲笑（scoff, scorn）

【例】James sneered at my old bicycle. He has a new one.

deride

[diˈraid] vt. 嘲笑，愚弄（ridicule, mock, gibe）

【记】de（坏）＋ride（笑）

【例】The politician derided his opponents at every opportunity.

gibe

[ʤaib] n./vt. 讥笑（deride, ridicule, mock, make fun of）

【例】Don't make gibes about her behavior.

呼喊

clamor

[ˈklæmə] n. 叫嚣（uproar, hubbub）

【记】clam（喊）＋or

【例】The clamor from the backyard drew us out of the house.

exclaim

[iksˈkleim] v. 呼喊；惊叫（shout; ejaculate）

【例】Mary exclaimed that someone forgot to turn the water off in the bathroom.

exhale

[eksˈheil] vt. 呼出（breathe out, respire）；发出；散发

【记】ex＋hale（气）→呼出气

【例】Bill inhaled the cigarette smoke and then exhaled deeply.

howl

[haul] vt. 咆哮（wail, bawl）

【例】The wolf howled in the moonless night.

acclaim

[əˈkleim] v. 喝彩，欢呼；称赞（applaud, approve, praise）

【记】ac＋claim（喊）

【例】The crowd acclaimed the hero as he rode through the town./The ballerina was acclaimed for her wonderful performances.

建议

counsel

[ˈkaunsəl] v. 劝告（advise） n. 商议，忠告

【例】Mary counseled her daughter about good study habits.

propose

[prəˈpəuz] v. 提出，提议（advance, suggest）

【例】Man proposes, God disposes.

proposal

[prəˈpəuzl] n. 提案；建议（advice）

offer

[ˈɔfə] n. 提议（proposal） vt. 提出，提议（suggest, propose）

【记】of（一再）＋fer（带来）→一再带来→提供

recommend

[ˌrekəˈmend] vt. 劝告；推荐（suggest）

【例】She recommended the book to her students.

remind

[riˈmaind] vt. 提醒（awake）

【记】re（再次）＋mind＝ment（思考）→提醒（自己）

【例】Satire tends to remind people that what they see, read and hear is partially true.

suggest

[səˈʤest] vt. 提议；暗示（hint, insinuate）

【例】I suggested that it would be quicker to travel by train.

mention

[ˈmenʃən] vt. 主张；提及

【记】ment（思考）＋ion→思考想到→提到

【例】I hope you didn't mention my name to her.

advice

[ədˈvais] n. 建议，忠告（suggestion）

【例】In times of trouble, people ask friends for advice.

advise

[ədˈvaiz] vt. 告知；劝告（suggest）

【例】The weather report advised carrying an umbrella today.

advance

[ədˈvɑːns] vt. 提出

【例】Tom advanced his idea at the beginning of the meeting.

submit

[səbˈmit] vt. 提交（propose）

【例】Christians submit themselves to God's will.

交流

reciprocal

[riˈsiprəkl] adj. 相互的；交往的（mutual, exchanged）

【例】The treaty should be signed on the basis of reciprocal benefits.

correspondence

[ˌkɔriˈspɔndəns] n. 通信

【记】cor＋respond（反应）＋ence

【例】Jane saved all of her grandmother's correspondence.

liaison

[liːˈeizən] n. 联络（contact, connection）

propagate

[ˈprɔpəɡeit] vt. 宣传

【例】Missionaries went far afield to propagate their faith.

communicate

[kəˈmjuːnikeit] vt. 传达 vi. 通信；交流

【记】commune（交谈）＋ic＋ate→大家交谈→交流

【例】Mary communicated the news as tactfully as she could.

impart

[imˈpɑːt] vt. 给予；传递；告诉（inform, disseminate）

【记】im（进入）＋part（部分）→成为（信息的）一部分→传递

【例】A teacher's job is mainly imparting knowledge to students.

remit

[riˈmit] vt. 汇寄

【记】re（再）＋mit（送）→再送出去→汇款

【例】Please kindly remit us the money without delay.

consort

[kənˈsɔːt] vt. 结交（associate, connect）

【例】The father is annoyed that his daughter consorts with all kinds of strange people.

disseminate

[diˈsemineit] vt. 散布，传播（disperse, distribute, spread, impart）

【记】dis＋semin（种子）＋ate→散布（种子）

【例】The Public Relations Department disseminates information.

tip

[tip] vt. 接触（contact）

夸大

bombastic

[bɔmˈbæstik] adj. 夸大的（boastful）

【记】比较bomb（炸弹）

pretentious

[priˈtenʃəs] adj. 装腔作势的（showy, ostentatious）

boast

[bəust] vi. 自夸 vt. 吹嘘（brag, self-praise）

【例】He boasted about the big fish he had caught.

boastful

[ˈbəustful] adj. 自夸的（bragging, conceited）

【例】When telling of her success, Mary tried not to be boastful.

vanity

[ˈvæniti] n. 虚荣心（self-conceit, pride）

【记】van（空）＋ity→虚荣心

conceit

[kənˈsiːt] n. 自负，自高自大（vanity, arrogance）

【例】The popular athlete was known for conceit and arrogance.

exaggerate

[iɡˈzæʤəreit] v. 夸大，夸张（overstate, overemphasize）

【例】Bill exaggerates every story he tells his friends.

brag

[bræɡ] vt. 夸张（boast, talk big）

【例】Sue bragged that she could eat an entire pie in two minutes.

命令

imperative

[imˈperətiv] adj. 命令的

【记】imper（命令）＋ative

【例】Don't talk in an imperative tone of voice.

bidding

[ˈbidiŋ] n. 命令，要求

【例】The servant grumbled but did his employer's bidding.

prescription

[prisˈkripʃən] n. 指示（instruction, direction）

【例】The general demanded that his men act strictly to his prescription.

rally

[ˈræli] n./v. 召集（gathering, assemblage）

【记】比较ally（联盟）

【例】We rallied together to save our leader from prison.

disband

[disˈbænd] v. 解散（dismiss, split up）

【记】dis＋band（队）

【例】The rock group disbanded after its first concert.

distribute

[diˈstribjut] vt. 分发，分送（allocate, allot）

【例】Someone dressed in a rabbit costume distributed leaflets to passersby.

assign

[əˈsain] vt. 分配，指派（allot, distribute）

【例】The manager assigned Bill to the Jones project.

instruct

[inˈstrʌkt] vt. 命令（direct, inculcate）

expedite

[ˈekspidait] vt. 派出

【记】ex＋ped（脚）＋ite→脚跨出去→加速

【例】The person I talked to on the phone promised to expedite the shipment of the book I ordered.

dispatch

[disˈpætʃ] vt. 派遣（send）；分配（allocate, allot）

【例】The teacher dispatched the student to the principal's office.

nominate

[ˈnɔmineit] vt. 任命（appoint, name）

【记】nomin（名称）＋ate→任命

【例】I nominate Mary for the office of treasurer.

evacuate

[iˈvækjueit] vt. 疏散

【记】e＋vacu（空）＋ate→使空→疏散

【例】The Civil Defense evacuated all inhabitants from the area where the storm was predicted to strike.

summon

[ˈsʌmən] vt. 召唤（call）

【记】sum（下面）＋mon→从下面把人命令上来→召唤

【例】The shareholders are summoned to hold a general meeting.

destine

[ˈdestin] vt. 指定（designate）

【例】Lisa is destined for the presidency.

designate

[ˈdeziɡneit] vt. 指定；指派（assign, nominate, specify）

【例】The team designated Sally as the captain.

monitor

[ˈmɔnitə] v. 监控（inspect, control）

【记】另一个词义是“班长”

【例】The president can monitor the whole campus through advanced computer system.

accredit

[əˈkredit] v. 委任；任命

【例】The president will accredit you as his assistant.

批评

culpable

[ˈkʌlpəbl] adj. 该受谴责的（guilty, blameworthy）

【记】culp（罪行）＋able

critical

[ˈkritikl] adj. 评论的，批评的

【例】The movie review was critical of the director's casting choices.

censure

[ˈsenʃə] n./vt. 责难（disapproval）

【例】Bill received a censure from his boss for the failure of the project./The warden censured the guard for letting the prisoner escape.

reproach

[riˈprəutʃ] v. 责备

【记】比较approach（接近）

【例】Do not reproach yourself. It was not your fault.

chide

[ˈtʃaid] vt. 斥责（blame, rebuke）

【例】My mother chided me for eating junk food.

decry

[diˈkrai] vt. 非难，谴责（condemn, denounce）

【记】de＋cry（喊）

【例】A staunch materialist, he decries economy.

deprecate

[ˈdeprikeit] vt. 抗议，抨击（fustigate, attack）

【例】Lovers of peace deprecate war.

castigate

[ˈkæstiɡeit] vt. 谴责（condemn, denounce）

【例】It is not good to castigate children too harshly.

denounce

[diˈnauns] vt. 谴责，声讨（censure, condemn）

【记】de（坏）＋nounce（讲话）→讲坏话→抨击

【例】Jane loudly denounces anyone who litters.

condemn

[kənˈdem] vt. 谴责

【记】联想damn（咒骂）

【例】The newspaper editorial condemned the court's decision.

berate

[biˈreit] vt. 痛骂（scold, reproach）

【记】be＋rate（骂）

【例】Don't congratulate yourself too much, or berate yourself either.

rap

[ræp] vt. 责难

rebuke

[riˈbjuːk] vt./n. 斥责（censure, reprove）

【记】re（反）＋buke（打）→反打→斥责

【例】My efforts were met with rebukes and insults!

blame

[bleim] vt./n. 谴责

【例】Who took the blame for the failure of the project?

repudiate

[riˈpjuːdieit] vt. 批判（reject, renounce）

【例】The scientist repudiated the results of the shoddy experiment.

说话

hoarse

[hɔːs] adj.（声音）嘶哑的（husky, rough）

【例】Bob's hoarse voice sounded as if his throat really hurt.

colloquial

[kəˈləukwiəl] adj. 会话的，口语的（oral）

【记】col（共同）＋loqu（说）＋ial

【例】Bob deletes colloquial expressions from his formal writing.

dumb

[dʌm] adj. 哑的，无言的

【例】Mike keeps dumb when he doesn't know the answer.

hubbub

[ˈhʌbʌb] n. 嘈杂（uproar）

dialogue

[ˈdaiəlɔɡ] n. 对话（conversation）

【记】dia（对着）＋logue（说）→对着说

【例】The entire play consisted of dialogue and no movement.

nonsense

[ˈnɔnsens] n. 胡说，废话

excuse

[iksˈkjuːz] n. 借口（reason）

compliment

[ˈkɔmplimənt] n. 问候

【例】Carry my compliments to your kinsmen.

gossip

[ˈɡɔsip] n. 闲话

oration

[ɔˈreiʃən] n. 演说（speech, address）

hearsay

[ˈhiəsei] n. 谣传，风闻（rumor, gossip）

【记】hear（听）＋say（说）→道听途说

【例】It's just hearsay, but it's rumored that John is going to quit.

interrupt

[ˌintəˈrʌpt] v. 打断，插嘴（intermit, halt）

【例】It's impolite to interrupt while others are talking.

rumble

[ˈrʌmbl] v. 低沉地说

【例】He rumbled a command to the soldiers.

gabble

[ˈɡæbl] v. 急促而不清楚地说出

【记】比较gobble（贪婪地大吃）

【例】"Articulate your words, don't gabble." said the mother.

solicit

[səˈlisit] v. 恳求（request, demand）

【例】Bob was almost arrested for soliciting in an apartment building.

declaim

[diˈkleim] v. 朗诵；演讲

【记】de＋claim（宣称）

【例】A preacher stood declaiming in the town center.

confide

[kənˈfaid] v. 倾诉（confess, disclose）

【记】con（全部）＋fide（相信）→吐露（真情）

【例】Mary confided in John that she had lost her job.

refer

[riˈfəː] v. 言及，提到（mention）

【记】re（再次）＋fer（带来）→再次带来→提到

【例】The president refered several times to the Paris Treaty during his address at the summit meeting.

chat

[tʃæt] v./n. 闲谈

【例】Dave chatted on the telephone all evening.

grumble

[ˈɡrʌmbl] vi. 喃喃诉苦（complain, grunt）

【例】That student is discourteous; he grumbles no matter how one tries to please him.

equivocate

[iˈkwivəkeit] vi. 说模棱两可的话，支吾

【例】If you equivocate on the witness stand, you might be charged with perjury.

coax

[kəuks] vt. 哄

【例】Jane coaxed her little baby to sleep.

outwit

[autˈwit] vt. 哄骗

【记】out（出）＋wit（机智）→用计谋去→哄骗

【例】The fox outwitted the farmer and stole a chicken.

effuse

[iˈfjuːz] vt. 流出；散布

【记】ef（出）＋fuse（流）

【例】I can't believe that kind of words effuse from her mouth.

accost

[əˈkɔst] vt. 向人搭话（address, speak to）

【例】She was often accosted by complete strangers.

说明

account

[əˈkaunt] n. 描述

【例】When you return, please give an account of your trip.

exposition

[ˌekspəˈziʃən] n. 展览（exhibition）；说明，阐明（description）

enunciate

[iˈnʌnsieit] v. 阐明；清晰发音（articulate）

【记】e（出）＋nunci（清楚）＋ate→讲出来→清楚表达

【例】You must enunciate your lines, or the audience will never understand you.

narrate

[nəˈreit] v. 叙述（describe, recount）

【例】The story is narrated by its hero.

insinuate

[inˈsinjueit] vt. 暗示（allude, hint, imply）

【记】in（进入）＋sinu（弯曲）＋ate→绕着弯进入→迂回进入

【例】Are you insinuating that I am responsible for the accident?

cover

[ˈkʌvə] vt. 报道

【例】Channel 4 is covering the match.

convey

[kənˈvei] vt. 表达（communicate）

【例】If you leave a message, I'll convey it to him.

illuminate

[iˈljuːmineit] vt. 说明（clarify）

【例】Cleverly made attacks can often serve to illuminate important differences between candidates, as well as entertain the voters.

render

[ˈrendə] vt. 表达（deliver, perform, express）

【例】The jury's finding amounted to the clearest verdict yet rendered upon the scandal.

elucidate

[iˈljuːsideit] vt. 阐明，说明（clarify, explain）

【记】e（出）＋lucid（清楚）＋ate→弄清楚→阐明

【例】Lisea cannot simply elucidate her ideas well enough to carry on a reasonable conversation!

clarify

[ˈklærifai] vt. 澄清，阐明

【记】clar（清楚）＋ify

【例】The explanation clarified the details of the plan.

expound

[iksˈpaund] vt. 解释（explain, interpret）

【例】The priest expounded his religion.

construe

[kənˈstruː] vt. 解释；翻译（expound; translate, interpret）

【例】The offended customer had construed my words to mean something I didn't mean at all!

delineate

[diˈlinieit] vt. 刻画；记述（depict, portray）

【记】de（加强）＋line（线）＋ate→用力画线→描画

【例】He delineated his plan in this notebook.

exemplify

[iɡˈzemplifai] vt. 例证，例示（illustrate）

【例】Your diligence exemplifies the characteristics of a good employee.

depict

[diˈpikt] vt. 描写，叙述（delineate, describe, portray）

【例】The poet tried to depict the splendor of the setting sun in his poem.

emphasize

[ˈemfəsaiz] vt. 强调，着重（underscore, underline, highlight, stress, accentuate）

【例】The speaker will emphasize team work and patience in her speech.

illustrate

[ˈiləstreit] vt. 说明（exemplify, explain）

【记】il（不断）＋lustr（光明）＋ate→不断给光明→说明

【例】I illustrated my point about politics with examples from a book.

highlight

[ˈhailait] vt. 突出显示；强调（climax, underline, underscore, stress）

【例】A beam of light was cast onto the dancer, highlighting her vivid imitation action of a peacock.

specify

[ˈspesifai] vt. 详述（define）

【例】The student specified several reasons for his being late.

elaborate

[iˈlæbəreit] vt. 详细阐述（explain, embellish）

【例】We ask Mary to elaborate her trip to Tibet.

divulge

[daiˈvʌlʤ] vt. 宣布（reveal）

【例】The president asked the managers not to divulge the news of the merger.

proclaim

[prəˈkleim] vt. 宣布，声明（announce, declare）

【记】pro（前）＋claim（喊）→宣布

【例】The ringing bells proclaimed the news of the birth of the prince.

cite

[sait] vt. 引用；举例（mention, quote, refer to）

【例】When writing research papers, writers must cite the sources they use./The critic cited Mary's outstanding performance.

reiterate

[riːˈitəreit] vt. 重述（restate）

【记】re（反复）＋iterate（重申）

【例】The spokesman reiterated the policy of the government.

accentuate

[ækˈsentʃueit] vt. 重读；强调（emphasize, underline, highlight, rscore）

【记】ac＋cent＝cant（唱，说）＋uate→不断说→强调

【例】The tall girl wore short skirts that accentuated her height, making her look even taller.

协商

uniform

[ˈjuːnifɔːm] adj. 统一的，一致的（alike, consistent）

unanimity

[ˌjuːnəˈnimiti] n. 全体一致（harmony, accord）

unanimous

[juˈnæniməs] adj. 意见一致的（uniform）

【例】My friends and I made a unanimous decision to order pizza.

reconcile

[ˈrekənsail] vt. 和解（conform, harmonize）

【例】Anne reconciled her disagreement with Mary.

reconciliation

[ˌrekənsiliˈeiʃn] n. 和解（compromise, pacification）

convention

[kənˈvenʃən] n. 协定；会议（conference）

【例】Any country who fails to conform to international convention will be condemned.

pact

[pækt] n. 协定（treaty, agreement）

consult

[kənˈsʌlt] v. 商量；请教（ask for）

【例】I consulted the weather report before planning the picnic.

negotiate

[niˈɡəuʃieit] v. 谈判，交涉（discuss）；议定

【例】The two parties are negotiating about the contract.

confer

[kənˈfəː] v. 协商（discuss）

【记】con（共同）＋fer→共同带来观点→协商

【例】I conferred with my friends about what we should eat for dinner.

placate

[ˈplækeit] vt. 安抚

【记】plac（平静）＋ate

【例】To placate an infant, a mom has to offer vocal reassurance.

争论

eloquent

[ˈeləkwənt] adj. 雄辩的，有口才的（persuasive, fluent）

【例】The eloquent lecture was interesting to listen to.

eloquence

[ˈeləkwəns] n. 雄辩

【记】e（出）＋loqu（说）＋ence→总能说出→雄辩

【例】Because of her eloquence, Anne made an excellent lobbyist.

debate

[diˈbeit] n./v. 争论，辩论（discussion, argument）

debatable

[diˈbeitəbl] adj. 争论中的，未决定的（controversial, unsettled）

【记】来自debate（争论）

【例】It is debatable as to which football team is the best.

squabble

[ˈskwɔbl] n. 口角，争论（quarrel, argument）

dispute

[disˈpjuːt] n./v. 争论，辩论（disagreement, argument, question）

【例】A territorial dispute between the two countries occurred.

retort

[riˈtɔːt] v. 反驳（refute, reply）

【记】re（反）＋tort（歪曲）→反驳

【例】"It was no business of yours", he retorted.

brawl

[brɔːl] n./vi. 争吵（bicker, quarrel）

【例】The disagreement soon erupted into a brawl.

bicker

[ˈbikə] vi. 争吵（brawl, quarrel）

【例】The couple bickered over little things.

haggle

[ˈhæɡl] vi. 争论（argue, bargain）

【例】The housewife haggled about the price with the vendor for half an hour.

gainsay

[ˈɡeinsei] vt. 反驳（oppose）

【记】gain＝against（反对）＋say（说）

【例】He is a good man; there is no gainsaying his innocence.

refute

[riˈfjuːt] vt. 驳斥，反驳，驳倒（disprove, rebut）

【记】re（反）＋fute＝fuse（流）→反流→反驳

【例】I refuted him easily.

disprove

[disˈpruːv] vt. 反驳，证明…有误

【记】dis＋prove（证明）

【例】The research disproved information I had taken for granted.

controvert

[ˈkɔntrəvəːt] vt. 反驳；辩论（deny, contradict）

【记】contro（反）＋vert（转）

【例】what he said is a fact that can't be controverted.

controversy

[ˈkɔntrəvəːsi] n. 争论

【例】I am really tired of public controversy concerning the morals of the president.

controversial

[ˌkɔntrəˈvəːʃəl] adj. 引起争论的

【例】Mike wrote a very controversial book about the weakness of our political leaders.

contradict

[ˌkɔntrəˈdikt] vt. 反驳；抵触（counteract, oppose）

【记】contra（相反）＋dic（言）→相反之言

【例】I hate to contradict your statement, but there are many snakes in Australia.

contradictory

[ˌkɔntrəˈdiktəri] adj. 矛盾的，反驳的（opposing）

contravene

[ˌkɔntrəˈviːn] vt. 反对；违反（contradict, oppose）

【记】contra（相反）＋vene（走）→违背

【例】Don't do whatever may contravene the law of the country.

连　线　题

左列单词在右列中有一个或多个同义词，请画线连接。

（一）

（二）

连线题答案

（一）

（二）

Word List 34

属　性

记忆小贴士：无意识记忆法

无意识记忆并不是无注意力记忆，而是时间分散记忆。首先准备一个袖珍笔记本，将要记忆的单词写在笔记本上。只要有时间就拿出来读读。每读记一遍，就在你的大脑中加深一层印象。

安静

sedate

[siˈdeit] adj. 安静的（calm, composed）

【记】sed＝sid（坐）＋ate→安静地坐着

tranquil

[ˈtrænkwil] adj. 安静的（serene, quiet, peaceful）

【例】It is not easy to remain tranquil when events suddenly change your life.

placid

[ˈplæsid] adj. 安静的（tranquil, serene）

【例】The baby looks so placid and content after she has been fed.

static

[ˈstætik] adj. 静的，静态的（changeless, stagnant）

【例】Static air pressure indicates that the weather will not change soon.

serene

[səˈriːn] adj. 平静的；沉静的（calm, tranquil）

【记】seren（安静）＋e

【例】Tired of noisy city life, he went to the countryside for a serene life.

serenity

[səˈreniti] n. 安静；从容（calmness, tranquility）

still

[stil] adj. 静止的（motionless, stationary, fixed）

【例】The restaurant was as still as a library.

lull

[lʌl] vt. 使平静（calm down, soothe）

【例】The mother lulled her baby to sleep.

肮脏

disgraced

[disˈɡreist] a. 不光彩的，丢脸的（humiliating）

【记】dis＋graced（体面的）→不体面的

【例】The boy felt disgraced because he knew that he had been wrong to steal.

dingy

[ˈdiŋʤi] adj. 肮脏的（dirty, shabby）

messy

[ˈmesi] adj. 肮脏的，凌乱的（untidy, dirty）

【记】mess（凌乱）＋y

slovenly

[ˈslʌvənli] adj. 不洁的（untidy）

frowzy

[ˈfrauzi] adj. 不整洁的；臭的（filthy）

obscene

[ɔbˈsiːn] adj. 猥亵的（indecent, filthy）

【记】ob（不）＋scene（场景）→不堪入目的

indecent

[inˈdiːsənt] adj. 淫猥的（improper, unacceptable）

【记】in（不）＋decent（正派的）

impure

[imˈpjuə] adj. 脏的，不纯洁的（adulterated, unrefined）

【记】im（不）＋pure（纯洁的）

blemish

[ˈblemiʃ] n./vt. 玷污（defect, flaw）

【记】blem（弄伤）＋ish

【例】One illness will blemish your perfect attendance record.

smear

[smiə] vt. 弄脏（smudge, stain）

【例】The vast spill smeared the once beautiful coast.

defile

[diˈfail] vt. 弄污（contaminate）

【记】de＋file＝vile（卑鄙）

【例】Watching too many violent TV shows defiled the child's mind.

spot

[spɔt] vt. 玷污 n. 污点（stain）

【例】The amateur spotted the comet before the pros.

不合适

incompetent

[inˈkɔmpitənt] adj. 不称职的

【记】in（不）＋competent（能干的）

unbecoming

[ˌʌnbiˈkʌmiŋ] adj. 不配的，不适当的

【例】The careless woman often wore unbecoming clothes to work.

inept

[iˈnept] adj. 不适宜的（incompetent, inefficient）

【记】in（不）＋ept（熟练的）

unseemly

[ʌnˈsiːmli] adj. 不适宜的（unsuited, incongruous）

【例】Jane was regretful for her unseemly behavior at the grand party.

ineligible

[inˈeliʤəbl] adj. 无资格的；不适当的（disqualified, unsuitable）

【记】in（无）＋eligible（有资格的）

impropriety

[ˌimprəˈpraiəti] n. 不适当

【记】im（不）＋propriety（得体）

程度

fervent

[ˈfəːvənt] adj. 白热的；强烈的（ardent）

【记】ferv（热）＋ent

【例】Jenny is a fervent supporter of the feminist movement.

rough

[rʌf] adj. 大致的（approximate, about）

【例】I got a rough idea that he is a tall man.

roughly

[ˈrʌfli] adv. 概略地，粗糙地（approximately, nearly, more or less）

intense

[inˈtens] adj. 强烈的（severe）

【例】Under years of intense pressure, he finally gave up hope and committed suicide.

intensive

[inˈtensiv] adj. 密集的，加强的（concentrated）

intensely

[inˈtensli] adv. 激烈地，热情地（extremely）

exorbitant

[iɡˈzɔːbitənt] adj. 过分的，过度的（excessive, unreasonable）

【例】I will not pay such an exorbitant price for these shoes!

probable

[ˈprɔbəbl] adj. 很可能的，大概（likely）

violent

[ˈvaiələnt] adj. 激烈的（vehement, radical, sudden）

drastic

[ˈdræstik] adj. 激烈的（violent）

【例】The principal felt that the cheater's punishment should be drastic./The emergency called for drastic measure.

dead

[ded] adv. 完全地（completely）

【例】You are dead right on this point.

deadly

[ˈdedli] adj. 极度的（extremey）

【例】They sat in deadly silence.

sharp

[ʃɑːp] adj. 急剧的（sudden）

【例】There is a sharp rise on crime, as the result of the starvation.

categorical

[ˌkætiˈɡɔrikəl] adj. 绝对的，无条件的（definite, positive, absolute, unconditional）

【例】The Japanese made a categorical surrendering to China in 1945after 8 years of invasion.

impetuous

[imˈpetjuəs] adj. 猛烈的

vehement

[ˈviːimənt] adj. 猛烈的，激烈的（passionate, ardent）

vehemence

[ˈviːiməns] n. 热切，激烈（passion, ferocity）

burning

[ˈbəːniŋ] adj. 强烈的

complete

[kəmˈpliːt] adj. 完全的 vt. 完成

【例】Bill told us the complete story over coffee.

completely

[kəmˈpliːtli] adv. 十分，完全地（entirely, wholly）

inordinate

[iˈnɔːdinit] adj. 无节制的；过度的（excessive, immoderate）

【记】in（不）＋ordin（正常）＋ate→过度的

considerable

[kənˈsidərəbl] adj. 相当的（a great deal, large, much, substantial）

substantial

[səbˈstænʃəl] adj. 相当的（plentiful, considerable）

【例】Mary has a substantial amount of money in the bank.

grossly

[ˈɡrəusli] adv. 非常（greatly）

extremely

[iksˈtriːmli] adv. 极端地，非常地（exceptionally, intensely）

nearly

[ˈniəli] adv. 几乎（almost）

virtually

[ˈvəːtjuəli] adv. 几乎（almost, practically, actually）

hardly

[ˈhɑːdli] adv. 几乎不（scarcely, barely）

barely

[ˈbɛəli] adv. 仅仅（merely）

【例】There was barely enough food to go around.

profoundly

[prəˈfaundli] adv. 深刻地，深度地（deeply, greatly）

【记】profound（深刻的）＋ly

【例】Television programs with written subtitles help those profoundly deaf people to understand the world.

clean

[kliːn] adv. 完全地（totally, completely）

【例】I clean forgot about it.

entirely

[inˈtaiəli] adv. 完全地，全然地（totally, solely）

utterly

[ˈʌtəli] adv. 完全地，彻底地（completely, absolutely）

somewhat

[ˈsʌm(h)wɔt] adv. 有点（rather, to some degree）

【例】He is a clever boy, though somewhat slow.

fairly

[ˈfɛəli] adv. 相当地（relatively, somewhat）

absolute

[ˌæbsəˈluːt] adj. 绝对的（sheer）

【记】比较solute（化学溶质）

【例】The prime minister had absolute control of his cabinet.

radical

[ˈrædikəl] adj. 根本的，基本的，激进的

纯

sheer

[ʃiə] adj. 纯粹的；全然的（pure, total）

【例】Don't believe him; his words are sheer nonsense.

pure

[pjuə] adj. 纯的，纯洁的（clean, unadulterated）

unblemished

[ʌnˈblemiʃt] adj. 洁白的，无瑕的（flawless, perfect）

innocent

[ˈinəsnt] adj. 清白的（guiltless, faultless）

【记】in（无）＋noc（害）＋ent→无害的

【例】Anne was found innocent of the crime.

impeccable

[imˈpekəbl] adj. 无瑕的（faultless, stainless）

【记】im（无）＋pecc（斑点）＋able→无瑕的

perfect

[ˈpəːfikt] adj. 无瑕的，完好无损的（intact, untouched）

【记】per（全部）＋fect（做）→全部做完→完美的

【例】Thousands of years past, still we found those mummies staying perfect in their coffins.

virtuous

[ˈvəːtjuəs] adj. 贞洁的（moral, righteous）

chaste

[tʃeist] adj. 贞洁的；纯正的（pure, virtuous）

【例】The students were advised to remain chaste until marriage.

大

colossal

[kəˈlɔsl] adj. 巨大的（immense, huge）

【记】源自希腊神话中名为Colossus的大力神

【例】Bill made a colossal mistake when he bought that used car.

spacious

[ˈspeiʃəs] adj. 广大的，宽敞的（roomy, capacious）

【记】spac（地方）＋ious→地方大的

【例】Working in a spacious room contributes to one's working efficiency.

expansive

[iksˈpænsiv] adj. 广阔的；可扩张的，可膨胀的（extensive, large）

【例】The book's expansive index listed hundreds of important items.

prodigious

[prəˈdiʤəs] adj. 巨大的（colossal, enormous）

【记】prodig（巨大）＋ious

【例】I have a prodigious amount of work to do before I leave.

massive

[ˈmæsiv] adj. 巨大的（heavy, huge, enormous）

【例】Doctors prescribe massive doses of penicillin for patients with pneumonia.

enormous

[iˈnɔːməs] adj. 巨大的（huge, vast, immense, tremendous）

【记】e（出）＋norm（正常）＋ous→超出了正常状态→巨大的

【例】We prepared an enormous dinner because we were very hungry.

mighty

[ˈmaiti] adj. 巨大的（powerful, strong）

【记】might（巨大）＋y

vast

[vɑːst] adj. 巨大的，大量的（gigantic, huge, immense, tremendous, broad, enormous）

tremendous

[triˈmendəs] adj. 巨大的，惊人的（huge, great）

immense

[iˈmens] adj. 巨大的；无限的

【记】im（不）＋mense（测量）→不能测量→无限的

titanic

[taiˈtænik] adj. 巨大有力的（huge, immense）

【记】美国影片《泰坦尼克号》的英文

【例】The politician tried to reduce the titanic deficit.

commodious

[kəˈməudjəs] adj. 宽敞的（spacious, capacious, roomy）

【记】com（共同）＋mod（范围）＋ious→大家都有范围→宽敞的

broad

[brɔːd] adj. 宽的，广泛的（wide, general）

loose

[luːs] adj. 宽松的

bulky

[ˈbʌlki] adj. 庞大的；笨重的（cumbersome）

【例】The bulky boxes won't fit in the trunk of the car.

capacious

[kəˈpeiʃəs] adj. 容量大的；宽敞的（spacious）

方位

forth

[fɔːθ] adv. 向前（ahead）

entry

[ˈentri] n. 入口；进入

【例】There is a back entry into the house.

exit

[ˈeksit] n. 出口（outlet, way-out）

【记】ex（出）＋it（走）→走出→出口

【例】The actress exited secretly from an unseen exit.

outlet

[ˈautlet] n. 出路，出口（socker, access）

【例】There is no outlet to the sea in Chongqing.

site

[sait] n. 地点（location, position）

destination

[ˌdestiˈneiʃən] n. 目的地

【例】Our vacation destination is Phoenix.

veer

[viə] v. 改变方向（turn, swerve）

【例】The car veered to the left toward ours and we were scared.

spot

[spɔt] n. 地点（location）

head

[hed] vi. 向某处走去（set out for, make for）

【例】Where are you heading for?

公正

valid

[ˈvælid] adj. 正当的

【例】I have the valid excuse for arriving late at work.

upright

[ˈʌprait] adj. 正直的

【记】up（上）＋right（正的）

【例】The upright witness told the truth at the trial.

unfair

[ʌnˈfɛə] adj. 不公平的（unjust, partial）

【记】un（不）＋fair（公正的）

fairly

[ˈfɛəli] adv. 公正地

guileless

[ˈɡaillis] adj. 不狡猾的，诚实的（frank, honest）

【例】His guileless smile disarmed us; we began to believe him.

equitable

[ˈekwitəbl] adj. 公平的，公正的（fair, just）

【例】Twenty dollars is an equitable price for this lamp.

detached

[diˈtætʃt] adj. 公正的

disinterested

[disˈintristid] adj. 公正的（impartial, unbiased）

【例】Mary is completely disinterested in the matter and can judge fairly.

unbiased

[ʌnˈbaiəst] adj. 公正的（neutral, impartial）

partially

[ˈpɑːʃəli] adv. 不公平地

impartial

[imˈpɑːʃəl] adj. 公正的，无偏见的（fair, unbiased）

【例】The judge should make his appraisal impartial.

conscience

[ˈkɔnʃəns] n. 良心，良知

conscientious

[ˌkɔnʃiˈenʃəs] adj. 尽职的；正直的（diligent）

incorruptible

[ˌinkəˈrʌptəbl] adj. 廉洁的

【记】in（不）＋corruptible（易收买的）

decent

[ˈdiːsnt] adj. 正派的；体面的（reasonable, proper）

【例】Don't walk around in your underwear. Go put on some decent clothes!/The house was in decent shape when we bought it.

faithful

[ˈfeiθful] adj. 忠实的（loyal）

【记】faith（忠诚）＋ful

【例】In Amish tribe, the faithful are not allowed to own automobiles.

justly

[ˈʤʌstli] adv. 公正地

devotion

[diˈvəuʃən] n. 献身；忠诚；专心（loyalty, dedication）

【例】Is it true that dogs show strong devotion to their masters?

integrity

[inˈteɡriti] n. 正直（honesty）

probity

[ˈprəubiti] n. 正直（integrity, honesty）

fidelity

[fiˈdeliti] n. 忠诚（loyalty, faithfulness）

【记】fid（相信）＋elity→相信→坚贞

dedicate

[ˈdedikeit] vt. 奉献，致力于

【例】This room is dedicated to food preparation.

合适

sober

[ˈsəubə] adj. 适度的

qualified

[ˈkwɔlifaid] adj. 合格的

rational

[ˈræʃənl] adj. 合理的（reasonable）

becoming

[biˈkʌmiŋ] adj. 合适的，相称的（fitting, suitable）

【例】John's new haircut is very becoming.

reliable

[riˈlaiəbl] adj. 可靠的，可信赖的（dependable）

【记】动词rely（依靠）

【例】The subway is the most reliable way of getting to the airport during rush hours.

preferable

[ˈprefərəbl] adj. 可取的（advisable）

【记】prefer（喜欢）＋able

【例】A preferable option is to store the food in a refrigerator rather than throw them away.

available

[əˈveiləbl] adj. 可用的（obtainable, accessible）

【例】The hotel is available for the wedding reception next week.

competent

[ˈkɔmpitənt] adj. 能胜任的（capable, qualified）

【例】Mike did a competent job fixing my car.

fit

[fit] adj. 适合的（suitable）

【例】This violent movie is not fit for children.

fitting

[ˈfitiŋ] adj. 恰当的，得体的（proper, appropriate）

【记】fit（合适）＋ting

【例】It is a fitting gesture to offer a reward to someone who returns something you have lost.

feasible

[ˈfiːzəbl] adj. 切实可行的（practical, possible, viable）

【记】feas（做）＋ible→能够做的→可行的

【例】Before you carry out the plan, make sure it is feasible.

expedient

[iksˈpiːdjənt] adj. 权宜的；方便的（suitable, convenient）

【例】Expedient solutions rarely solve long-term problems.

pertinent

[ˈpəːtinənt] adj. 适当的；切题的（relevant）

temperate

[ˈtemprit] adj. 适度的，有节制的（appropriate, reasonable, self-controlled）

【例】A temperate answer to a rude question is difficult to give.

suitable

[ˈsjuːtəbl] adj. 适合的

plausible

[ˈplɔːzəbl] adj. 似合理的（reasonable）

【例】Susie's story about how she lost her books sounded plausible, but it wasn't actually true.

methodical

[məˈθɔdikl] adj. 有条理的（systematic）

【记】method（方法）＋ical→有方法的→有条理的

entitled

[inˈtaitld] adj. 有资格的（eligible, qualified）

correspondence

[ˌkɔriˈspɔndəns] n. 对应；符合

【记】cor＋respond（反应）＋ence

【例】There is close correspondence between my handwriting and yours.

propriety

[prəˈpraiəti] n. 适当（correctness）

tally

[ˈtæli] vi. 符合（accord, agree）

【例】The report tallies with your description of the accident.

coincide

[ˌkəuinˈsaid] vi. 相符合，相巧合

【记】co（共同）＋in＋cide（落下）→共同落下→巧合

【例】Our vacations coincided, so we traveled together.

suit

[sjuːt] vt. 合适，适应（accommodate, fit, adapt）

【例】This candidate does not suit our qualifications.

advisable

[ədˈvaizəbl] adj. 合理的（rational, sound）

【例】It is advisable to save part of your paycheck each month.

adapt

[əˈdæpt] v. （使）适应（adjust, accommodate）

【例】Jane adapted quickly to the new procedures.

adaptable

[əˈdæptəbl] adj. 能适应的

【例】If you are not adaptable, you will feel uncomfortable in college.

adaptation

[ˌædæpˈteiʃn] n. 适应（accomodation）

【例】The movie was an adaptation of a classic novel.

conformity

[kənˈfɔːmiti] n. 一致，符合

尖刻

incisive

[inˈsaisiv] adj. 尖锐的

【例】His incisive criticism gave us a thorough understanding of Dicken's writings.

caustic

[ˈkɔːstik] adj. 刻薄的

【例】The caustic remark caused the candidate to lose the election.

acid

[ˈæsid] adj. 尖酸的

【例】The critic's acid remarks hurt the director's feelings.

acrimonious

[ˌækriˈməunjəs] adj. 尖酸的（bitter, spiteful）

【例】The acrimonious debate resulted in much resentment.

acrid

[ˈækrid] adj. 辛辣的（pungent, bitter, acrimonious, trenchant）

【例】Burning rubber produces an acrid smoke.

acrimony

[ˈækriməni] n. 刻薄

【记】acri（尖，酸）＋mony→尖刻

【例】They were able to reach a decision without acrimony.

精巧

cunning

[ˈkʌniŋ] adj. 可爱的（cute, clever）

【例】What a cunning kitten!

elegant

[ˈeliɡənt] adj. （举止、服饰）雅致的（refined, exquisite, elaborate）

【记】e（出）＋leg＝lig（选）＋ant→选出的→好的

【例】Successful women on political stage often have an elegant manner.

handy

[ˈhændi] adj. 方便的；灵巧的（convenient; skilful）

ingenious

[inˈʤiːnjəs] adj. 机灵的（clever, intelligent）；精巧制成的

【记】in（内）＋geni（产生）＋ous→自内心产生→聪明的

【例】By such ingenious adaptations, orchids can attract insects from afar to fertilize them.

exquisite

[ˈekskwizit] adj. 精美的（delicate, fine, elaborate）

【记】ex＋quisite（要求）→按要求做出来→精美的

【例】Tom was so absorbed by the exquisite vase at the museum.

delicate

[ˈdelikit] adj. 精巧的（dainty, elegant）

【例】Roses have a delicate beauty.

refined

[riˈfaind] adj. 精致的；文雅的（elegant, well-mannered）

【例】The reproduction of the masterpiece is less refined than the original one.

dexterous

[ˈdekstərəs] adj. 灵巧的（adroit, skillful）

【记】dexter（右边的）＋ous

crafty

[ˈkræfti] adj. 灵巧的，巧妙的（cunning, sneaky）

【例】The spy thought of a crafty plan to steal the documents.

elaborate

[iˈlæbəreit] vt. 精心制作（或计划） adj. 精心构思的（careful）

【例】We ask Mary to elaborate her trip to Tibet.

距离

remote

[riˈməut] adj. 遥远的，远程的（distant, inaccessible）

distant

[ˈdistənt] adj. 远的（remote）

【例】My parents live in a distant state, and I rarely see them.

gap

[ɡæp] n. 差距（distance）

【例】A generation gap lies between parents and children.

proximity

[prɔkˈsimiti] n. 临近（nearness）

【记】proxim（接近）＋ity

【例】He look around the proximity for his lost dog.

distribute

[diˈstribjut] vt. 分布

【例】180 pounds of muscles are well distributed over his 6-foot frame.

adjacent

[əˈʤeisənt] adj. 邻近的（adjoining, neighboring）

【例】Tom's house is adjacent to the park.

access

[ˈækses] vt. 接近

【记】ac＋cess（走）→走过去→通道

【例】Bill could not access any information from the computer.

adjoin

[əˈʤɔin] vt. 贴近，毗连，靠近（abut）

【记】ad（一再）＋join（连）→一再连上→毗连

【例】The living room adjoins the dining room.

adjoining

[əˈʤɔiniŋ] adj. 接近的，邻接的（adjacent, neighboring）

【记】adjoin＋ing

【例】We requested adjoining rooms at the hotel.

肯定

infallible

[inˈfæləbl] adj. 必然的；不会错的

【记】in（无）＋fallible（错误的）

inevitable

[inˈevitəbl] adj. 不可避免的，必然的（unavoidable, certain）

【例】Death is the inevitable ending of life.

definite

[ˈdefinit] adj. 明确的；肯定的（specific, straightforward）

【例】She made him no definite answer.

confident

[ˈkɔnfidənt] adj. 确信的，自信的

【记】con＋fid（相信）＋ent

【例】I am confident that he will pay his bills.

undoubtedly

[ʌnˈdautidli] adv. 勿庸置疑地，的确（unquestionably, surely）

ascertain

[ˌæsəˈtein] vt. 确定；探知（determine, make sure）

【记】as＋certain（确信）

【例】Did the doctor ascertain the cause of your sickness?

空

null

[nʌl] adj. 空的

empty

[ˈempti] adj. 空的（vacant, void）

【例】The room is empty. All the furniture has been removed.

vacant

[ˈveikənt] adj. 空的；未被占用的（unoccupied, empty）

【记】vac（空）＋ant

void

[vɔid] n. 空间（space） adj. 空的（invalid, null）

【例】His wife's death left a painful void in his life.

vacuum

[ˈvækjuəm] n. 真空（gap, void）

evacuate

[iˈvækjueit] vt. 使…空（remove）

【记】e＋vacu（空）＋ate→使空

【例】The Civil Defense evacuated all inhabitants from the area where the storm was predicted to strike.

bare

[bɛə] adj. 空的

【例】Bare words, no bargain.

明显

sensible

[ˈsensəbl] adj. 明显的，感觉得到的（discernible）

【记】sens（感觉）＋ible

【例】I am sensible that a good deal more is still to be done.

imposing

[imˈpəuziŋ] adj. 令人难忘的（impressive）

【例】The pyramids of Egypt are imposing structure.

obvious

[ˈɔbviəs] adj. 明显的（distinct, evident）

pronounced

[prəˈnaunst] adj. 明显的（notable, prominent）

【记】pronounce（发音）＋ed→（人人都能）发的音→著名的

【例】The result will become pronounced after two weeks' medication.

sharp

[ʃɑːp] adj. 明显的，清晰的（clear）

【例】High quality cameras deliver sharp images.

outstanding

[autˈstændiŋ] adj. 显著的（notable, remarkable）

【记】来自stand out（醒目，突出）

emphatic

[imˈfætik] adj. 显著的；强调的；有力的（powerful）

【例】The supervisor's emphatic speech on worker productivity produced amazing results.

remarkable

[riˈmɑːkəbl] adj. 值得注意的（striking, considerable）

impressively

[imˈpresivli] adv. 令人难忘地

markedly

[ˈmɑːkidli] adv. 显著地，明显地（significantly, substantially, noticeably）

【例】By driving a cheap car, the billionaire clearly intended not to show his wealth markedly.

especially

[isˈpeʃəli] adv. 尤其（notably, particularly）

普遍

routine

[ruːˈtiːn] adj. 常规的（regular, conventional, usual）

【例】Anne took a routine coffee break at 2:30 PM.

extensive

[iksˈtensiv] adj. 大量的；广泛的（comprehensive; thorough）

【例】The editor made extensive changes in the article.

mediocre

[ˈmiːdiəukə] adj. 平常的；普通的（ordinary, average）

【记】medi（中间）＋ocre→平庸的

【例】I got mediocre grades last semester.

hackneyed

[ˈhæknid] adj. 平凡的

【记】参考hack（陈腐的），Internet用语hacker（黑客）

【例】The old professor's hackneyed style of coaching arouses complaints from among students.

universal

[ˌjuːniˈvəːsl] adj. 普遍的（general, absolute）

catholic

[ˈkæθəlik] adj. 普遍的，广泛的（universal）

【例】Her musical tastes were catholic and ranged from classics to jazz.

general

[ˈʤenərəl] adj. 普通的（ordinary）

generally

[ˈʤenərəli] adv. 广泛地，一般地（widely, usually, broadly）

exhaustive

[iɡˈzɔːstiv] adj. 无遗漏的，彻底的，广泛的（comprehensive, thorough）

【例】The real-estate agent gave the prospective buyers an exhaustive tour of the new house.

average

[ˈævəriʤ] adj. 一般的（normal）

mostly

[ˈməustli] adv. 多半地；通常

【记】most（主要的）＋ly

usually

[ˈjuːʒuəli] adv. 通常，大抵（customarily, commonly）

commonplace

[ˈkɔmənˌpleis] n. 平凡事，平凡话 adj. 平凡的（average, ordinary）

事物属性

tender

[ˈtendə] adj. 嫩的（soft）

concrete

[ˈkɔnkriːt] adj. 具体的

【例】Bill prefers concrete facts to abstract ideas.

portable

[ˈpɔːtəbl] adj. 可携带的（movable, transportable）

【记】port（拿）＋able→可拿的

【例】A portable PC now became necessary in many MBA programs.

sloppy

[ˈslɔpi] adj. 泥泞的（muddled, semi-liquid）

【记】slop（溅，弄脏）＋py

congested

[kənˈʤestid] adj. 拥挤的（overcrowded）

【记】con（共同）＋gest（管道）＋ed→共同在一个管道→拥挤的

【例】The congested highway made many commuters late for work.

数量

fraught

[frɔːt] adj. 充满的（full of）

【记】比较freight（装运的货物）

【例】It was clearly not a job fraught with hope, but I have to take it for a living.

sole

[səul] adj. 惟一的（only, mere, exclusive）

【例】His sole purpose when playing cards is to relax.

solitary

[ˈsɔlitəri] adj. 单一的（lonesome, isolated）

【记】solit（单独）＋ary

【例】He has taken a solitary approach to his pursuit of another basketball gold medal.

quantity

[ˈkwɔntiti] n. 量，数量（amount）

quantitative

[ˈkwɔntitətiv] adj. 定量的

【记】quant（数量）＋itative→定量的

【例】A quantitative analysis showed that he has grown 10 pounds fatter.

excess

[ˈekses] n./adj. 过度（的）（surplus）

【记】ex＋cess（走）→走出格→过分

【例】Don't bring any excess baggage on this trip.

excessive

[ikˈsesiv] adj. 过多的，极度的（overabundant, inordinate）

【例】You must curb your excessive spending, or you will become penniless.

redundant

[riˈdʌndənt] adj. 过多的，冗长的（unnecessary, superfluous）

sporadic

[spəˈrædik] adj. 零星的（irregular, intermittent）

【例】The gunfire was sporadic until midnight.

numerous

[ˈnjuːmərəs] adj. 众多的

【记】numer（数字）＋ous

innumerable

[iˈnjuːmərəbl] adj. 无数的（countless, numerous）

【记】in（不）＋numer（数）＋able→数不过来→无数的

countless

[ˈkauntlis] adj. 无数的（innumerable, many）

【记】count（数）＋less

sufficient

[səˈfiʃənt] adj. 足够的，充分的（enough, adequate）

【记】其动词形式为suffice

skimpy

[ˈskimpi] adj. 太少的（scant, inadequate）

sparsely

[ˈspɑːsli] adv. 稀少地，稀疏地（thinly, scarcely）

bulk

[bʌlk] n. 大批（mass, volume, most majority）

majority

[məˈʤɔriti] n. 多数，大多数

block

[blɔk] n. 一块（木或石等）

【例】The floor was made of wooden blocks.

multitude

[ˈmʌltitjuːd] n. 众多（host, mass）

【记】multi（多）＋tude

sum

[sʌm] n. 总数

teem

[tiːm] vi. 充满（abound, be full of）

【例】The stream teemed with fish.

pervade

[pəˈveid] vt. 遍布；弥漫（permeate）

【记】per（全部，遍）＋vade（走）→遍布

【例】The spicy smell pervaded the kitchen.

suffuse

[səˈfjuːz] vt. 充满（fill）

【记】suf（到处）＋fuse（流）→到处流→充满

【例】His eyes were suffused with tears.

abundant

[əˈbʌndənt] adj. 充裕的（sufficient）

【记】a＋bun（小圆面包）＋d＋ant（蚂蚁）→蚂蚁有充裕的小圆面包

【例】The abundant crops would feed the village throughout the winter.

further

[ˈfəːðə] adj. 更多的（additional）

【例】He wants to receive further education in China.

adequate

[ˈædikwit] adj. 足够的（sufficient）

【例】What you have given us is not adequate; you must find more.

spare

[spɛə] adj. 多余的，剩下的

times

[taimz] n. 时期，次

total

[ˈtəutl] n. 总数，合计

volume

[ˈvɔljuːm] n. 量，大量

特殊

original

[əˈriʤənl] adj. 独创的

【记】origin（起源）＋al

【例】His idea is not original; many pioneers had the same thought.

unique

[juːˈniːk] adj. 独一无二的（unrivaled, matchless）

【例】The sales clerk showed me a most unique necklace.

extraordinary

[iksˈtrɔːdinəri] adj. 非凡的，特别的（remarkable, outstanding）

erratic

[iˈrætik] adj. 古怪的（odd, eccentric）

【例】Bill's erratic moods upset everyone in our office.

eccentric

[ikˈsentrik] adj. 古怪的（odd, erratic, bizarre）

【记】ec＋centr（中心）＋ic→非中心→异常的

【例】My neighbor's eccentric behavior is sometimes frightening.

bizarre

[biˈzɑː] adj. 古怪的（odd, erratic, eccentric）

queer

[kwiə] adj. 奇怪的，古怪的（strange, fishy）

【记】比较queen（皇后）

quaint

[kweint] adj. 奇异的，不凡的（queer, odd）

given

[ˈɡivn] adj. 特定的（specified）

particularly

[pəˈtikjuləli] adv. 独特地，显著地（especially）

abnormal

[æbˈnɔːməl] adj. 异常的（exceptional）

【记】ab（离开）＋normal（正常的）→异常的

odd

[ɔd] adj. 古怪的

weird

[wiəd] adj. 怪异的，超自然的

sensitive

[ˈsensitiv] adj. 敏感的

idiosyncrasy

[idiəˈsiŋkrəsi] n. 个人特性

【例】Tom has an idiosycracy of playing football all by himself.

trait

[treit] n. 特点，特性（characteristic, attribute）

character

[ˈkæriktə] n. 性格

【例】He has a changeable character.

characteristic

[ˌkæriktəˈristik] n. 特性，特征 adj. 特有的，典型的（distinctive, distinguishing）

bear

[bɛə] vt. 具有，带有（carry）

【例】The comet will bear the name of the finder.

危险

destructive

[diˈstrʌktiv] adj. 破坏（性）的，危害的

【记】de（坏）＋struct（结构）＋ive→破坏结构

【例】The destructive winds carried away the roof of the house.

critical

[ˈkritikl] adj. 危急的；临界的

【例】You must calm down in this critical moment.

perilous

[ˈperiləs] adj. 危险的（dangerous, hazardous）

hazard

[ˈhæzəd] n. 危险（risk, danger）；公害

hazardous

[ˈhæzədəs] adj. 危险的（dangerous, perilous）

【例】People hesitated whether to begin the hazardous journey to the unknown west or not.

dangerous

[ˈdeinʤərəs] adj. 危险的（hazardous, risky）

【例】The dangerous road had several sharp turns.

endanger

[inˈdeinʤə] vt. 危害（harm）

【记】en＋danger（危险）

【例】The animals that lived in the marsh were endangered by the drought.

harmful

[ˈhɑːmful] adj. 有害的（dangerous, detrimental）

deleterious

[ˌdiliˈtiəriəs] adj. 有害的（harmful, detrimental）

detriment

[ˈdetrimənt] n. 损害

【记】de＋trim（修剪）＋ent→剪坏→损害

【例】The detriment caused by your thoughtless remark will never be forgotten.

detrimental

[ˌdetriˈmentl] adj. 有害的，有损的

【例】The detrimental newspaper article may lead to a lawsuit.

peril

[ˈperil] n. 危机；危险的事物

jeopardy

[ˈʤepədi] n. 危险（danger, risk）

injure

[ˈinʤə] vt. 伤害，损害，损伤（hurt, wound）

【例】There were two people injured in the car accident.

maim

[meim] vt. 使残废（disable, mutilate）；损伤

【记】比较main（主要的）

【例】He was seriously maimed in a car accident.

impair

[imˈpɛə] vt. 损害（harm, damage）

【记】im（进入）＋pair（坏）→使…坏→损害

【例】His misdeeds greatly impaired our friendship.

threaten

[ˈθretn] v. 威胁（menace, terrify）

【例】They threaten to kill all the people without receiving the ransom.

味道

balmy

[ˈbɑːmi] adj. 芳香的

【记】balm（香气）＋y

delicious

[diˈliʃəs] adj. 美味的，怡人的

palatable

[ˈpælətəbl] adj. 味美的（savory, flavorous）

【记】palate（上颚）＋able

fragrant

[ˈfreiɡrənt] adj. 香的，芬芳的（aromatic）

pungent

[ˈpʌnʤənt] adj. 辛辣的（acrid, penetrating）

【记】pung（刺）＋ent→刺激的

【例】The aged cheese had a pungent taste.

odor

[ˈəudə] n. 臭气（smell, scent; fame）

【例】The odor of the gabbage can irritate the inhabitants.

taste

[teist] n. 品味；味道（flavor, savor; appreciation）

【例】The theatre ceased to cater to the audience's low taste by showing erotic movies.

aura

[ˈɔːrə] n. 气味

flavor

[ˈfleivə] n. 味，风味

【例】This yogurt has the flavor of strawberries.

aroma

[əˈrəumə] n. 香气，芬芳，芳香（fragrance, scent, perfume）

【例】The roses gave the room a pleasant aroma.

smell

[smel] v. 发出气味

【例】The fish smells bad in three days.

stink

[stiŋk] vi. 发出臭味（smell bad）

【例】The garbage stinks up the yard.

savor

[ˈseivə] vt. 尝味（taste, relish）

【例】I want to savor this great moment of accomplishment.

acid

[ˈæsid] adj. 酸的（sour, tart） n. 酸

【例】Strong acid corrodes metal.

物理属性

hectic

[ˈhektik] adj. 发热的（feverish）

【记】hect（许多）＋ic→许多事要做→紧张兴奋的

impervious

[imˈpəːvjəs] adj. 不能渗透的（impenetrable, impermeable）

【记】im（不）＋pervious（渗透的）

【例】Since my watch is impervious to water, I wear it while I swim.

ponderous

[ˈpɔndərəs] adj. 沉重的，笨重的（heavy）

crisp

[krisp] adj. 脆的；卷曲的（crunchy, brittle）

【例】The autumn leaves were dry and crisp.

lofty

[ˈlɔfti] adj. 高耸的（high, towering）

【记】loft（阁楼，顶楼）＋y

【例】The lofty mountains towered over the village.

slippery

[ˈslipəri] adj. 滑的，使人滑跤的（slick, smooth）

dense

[dens] adj. 密集的（thick, close）

【例】The airport was closed because of the dense fog.

crooked

[ˈkrukid] adj. 扭曲的（bent, twisted）

【记】crook（弯曲）＋ed→拐弯抹角的

【例】The electrician straightened the crooked wires.

shallow

[ˈʃæləu] adj. 浅的（superficial）

【例】It is possible to drown even in shallow water.

ethereal

[əˈθiəriəl] adj. 轻的，天上的（light, delicate）

lithe

[laið] adj. 柔软的；易弯的（flexible, supple）

sloppy

[ˈslɔpi] adj. 稀薄的

【记】slop（溅，弄脏）＋py

slim

[slim] adj. 细长的，苗条的（slender, thin）

tenuous

[ˈtenjuəs] adj. 细的；稀薄的（thin, weak）

【记】ten（细，薄）＋uous

【例】The precious jewel is hung only with a tenuous thread that appeared very fragile.

compact

[kəmˈpækt] adj. 压缩的；密集的（packed）

【记】com＋pact（打包，压紧）

【例】Jane has a compact kitchen with room for only one person.

supple

[ˈsʌpl] adj. 柔软的，易曲的（flexible, lithe）

malleable

[ˈmæliəbl] adj. 有延展性的（pliable）；可锻的

【记】malle（锤子）＋able→可锻的

depression

[diˈpreʃən] n. 凹陷

小

faint

[feint] adj. 微弱的（feeble, unsteady）

【例】I stayed up until I saw faint rays of light from the rising sun.

ignoble

[iɡˈnəubl] adj. 卑微的（despicable, dishonorable）

【记】ig（不）＋noble（高贵）

minuscule

[miˈnʌskjuːl] adj. 极小的（tiny）

negligible

[ˈneɡliʤəbl] adj. 可以忽略的，不予重视的（insignificant, minimal）

slight

[slait] adj. 轻微的，微小的（tiny, microscopic）

trivial

[ˈtriviəl] adj. 微不足道的（unimportant, trifling）

【例】I didn't bother Bob with my trivial concerns because he was busy.

feeble

[ˈfiːbl] adj. 微弱的（weak, infirm）

trifling

[ˈtraifliŋ] adj. 微小的（insignificant, trivial）

minute

[maiˈnjuːt] adj. 微小的（tiny, minuscule）

【记】min（小）＋ute

insular

[ˈinsjulə] adj. 狭隘的（isolated; narrow-minded）

【记】insul（岛）＋ar

【例】The head of the tribe has an insular prejudice over those strangers.

diminutive

[diˈminjutiv] adj. 小的（small, tiny）

【例】The child placed the cute, diminutive furniture in a dollhouse.

tiny

[ˈtaini] adj. 小的，极小的（microscopic, minute, little, minuscule）

fine

[fain] adj. 细微的（thin, small）

虚幻

mythical

[ˈmiθikəl] adj. 神话的，虚构的（legendary, fictious）

fictitious

[fikˈtiʃəs] adj. 虚构的（invented, imaginary）

【记】fict（做，造）＋itious→造出的→虚构的

imaginary

[iˈmæʤinəri] adj. 虚构的

imaginative

[iˈmæʤinətiv] adj. 富于想像的

illusion

[iˈljuːʒən] n. 幻觉（hallucination）

fantasy

[ˈfæntəsi] n. 幻想，空想；怪念头（dream; fancy）

superstition

[ˌsjuːpəˈstiʃən] n. 迷信

【例】Fear of the number 13 is an old superstition.

panacea

[ˌpænəˈsiə] n. 万灵药（cure-all）

【记】pan（全部）＋acea（治疗）

figment

[ˈfiɡmənt] n. 虚构之事

【记】fig（做）＋ment→做出的东西→虚构

conceive

[kənˈsiːv] v. 想像（devise, visualize）

【例】The inventor conceived a new gadget.

occult

[ɔˈkʌlt] adj. 神秘的，不可思议的（supernatural）

需要

gratuitous

[ɡrəˈtjuitəs] adj. 不需要的（unwanted）

【例】Her gratuitous performance is not expected by the producer.

indispensable

[ˌindisˈpensəbl] adj. 不可缺少的，绝对必要的（essential, vital）

imperative

[imˈperətiv] adj. 急需的（necessary, urgent）

【记】imper（命令）＋ative

【例】The man is dying; an immediate operation is imperative.

真实

tangible

[ˈtænʤəbl] adj. 可见的，确实的（touchable, substantial）

【记】tang（接触）＋ible→确实（存在）的

【例】One tangible benefit of my new job is a company car.

authentic

[ɔːˈθentik] adj. 可靠，有根据的，真实的（genuine, real）

【记】aut（自己）＋hent（得到）＋ic→亲自得到→真实的

【例】Is your diamond ring authentic?

genuine

[ˈʤenjuin] adj. 真实的，真正的（authentic, real）

【例】My necklace is made with genuine pearls.

truly

[ˈtruːli] adv. 真实地，不假（genuinely, actually）

actual

[ˈæktʃuəl] adj. 实际的，现行的，真实的（practical, real）

【例】Is this vase an actual antique or a copy?

重要

superb

[sjuːˈpəːb] adj. 超级的

pivot

[ˈpivət] n. 转折点，关键

pivotal

[ˈpivətl] adj. 关键的；枢纽的

【例】Chairman of the board is the pivotal figure among the managing board.

foremost

[ˈfɔːməust] adj. 第一流的（prime）

【记】fore（前）＋most（最）→最先的

【例】He is one of the foremost atom scientists in China.

elementary

[ˌeləˈmentəri] adj. 基本的，初级的

【例】I took a course in elementary chemistry.

fundamental

[ˌfʌndəˈmentl] adj. 基础的，基本的（essential, elementary）

【例】The refugees were too poor to meet their fundamental needs of life.

momentous

[məuˈmentəs] adj. 极重要的（important, critical）

【记】moment（时刻）＋ous→刻不容缓的→重要的

vital

[ˈvaitl] adj. 极重要的（important, crucial, essential）

【例】It is absolutely vital that food supplies should be maintained at any cost.

cardinal

[ˈkɑːdinl] adj. 首要的，基本的（essential）

【记】cardi（铰链，要点）＋nal

【例】To study hard is our cardinal thing to do.

crucial

[ˈkruːʃəl] adj. 严重的；极重要的（decisive, critical）

【例】Knowing first aid is crucial for saving lives.

significant

[siɡˈnifikənt] adj. 有意义的；重要的（important, telling）

dominant

[ˈdɔminənt] adj. 占优势的，主导的（predominant, prevalent）

【例】The dominant color in the design is red.

predominate

[priˈdɔmineit] vt. 占优势，支配（prevail）

【记】pre＋domin（统治）＋ate

【例】Cheap and inferior commodities often predominate the morning market.

predominantly

[priˈdɔminəntli] adv. 占主导地位地，显著地（primarily, chiefy, principally）

【例】In this company, employees are predominantly white, which is a sign of racial discrimination against the colored people.

fateful

[ˈfeitful] adj. 重大的

【例】Gates made a fateful decision to quit Harvard.

primary

[ˈpraiməri] adj. 重要的（crucial, vital）

【记】prim（最初的）＋ary

primarily

[praiˈmərili] adv. 首先，主要地（chiefly, mainly, principally）

essential

[iˈsenʃəl] adj. 重要的；基本的；必需的（crucial; fundamental; necessary, vital）

【例】Cells are an essential structure in living organisms.

key

[kiː] adj. 主要的，关键的（dominant, primary）

optimum

[ˈɔptiməm] adj. 最优的（best）

【记】optim（最好）＋um

【例】Under optimum conditions, these cultivated grass grow best.

leading

[ˈliːdiŋ] adj. 最主要的（principal, chief）

chiefly

[ˈtʃiːfli] adv. 主要地，多半地（mainly, principally）

【记】chief（主要）＋ly

largely

[ˈlɑːʤli] adv. 主要地，很大程度上（mainly, for the most part）

sum

[sʌm] n. 要点

preference

[ˈprefərəns] n. 优先；优先权（inclination, privilege）

【记】prefer（喜欢）＋ence

【例】The king showed preference to his eldest son.

forte

[ˈfɔːtei] n. 长处（strong point）

【记】fort（强）＋e→强大→长处

elite

[iˈliːt] n. 精华，中坚（best）

【记】e（出）＋lite＝lig（选）→选出的（人物）→精英人物

【例】The movie star felt like one of the elite.

gist

[ʤist] n. 要旨（theme）

merit

[ˈmerit] n. 优点（advantage）

【记】比较demerit（缺点）

motif

[məuˈtiːf] n. 主题（theme, subject）；主旨

【例】The composer's symphony had an obvious waltz motif.

tenor

[ˈtenə] n. 要旨，要义（nature）

【例】The tenor of this speech is to pursue a noble life.

principal

[ˈprinsəpl] adj. 重要的（main, chief, central）

major

[ˈmeiʤə] adj. 主要的

sole

[səul] adj. 惟一的

【例】His sole purpose when playing cards is to relax.

壮丽

glorious

[ˈɡlɔːriəs] adj. 壮丽的

splendid

[ˈsplendid] adj. 灿烂的，辉煌的（magnificent）

【记】splend（明亮）＋id→灿烂的

【例】Thank you for cooking a most splendid meal tonight!

splendor

[ˈsplendə] n. 光彩，壮丽（grandeur, magnificence）

grand

[ɡrænd] adj. 盛大的，壮丽的（splendid, magnificent）

【例】We held a grand celebration party for her success.

gorgeous

[ˈɡɔːʤəs] adj. 绚丽的（beautiful, admirable, very colorful）

【记】参考gorge（峡谷）

【例】The flower appears a gorgeous shape under the sun.

radiant

[ˈreidjənt] adj. 绚丽的；容光焕发的（joyous, beaming）

【记】radi（光，线）＋ant→绚丽的

【例】Dozens of radiant candle flames lit the room.

spectacular

[spekˈtækjulə] adj. 引人入胜的，壮观的（breathtaking, impressive, striking）

【例】The most spectacular thing that ever happened this century would be the introduction of computer.

solemn

[ˈsɔləm] adj. 庄严的；隆重的（grave, somber）

superb

[sjuːˈpəːb] adj. 壮丽的（excellent, first-rate）

magnificent

[mæɡˈnifisnt] n. 壮丽的，华丽的（gallant, splendid）

【记】magni（大）＋ficent→壮丽的

Everybody is ignorant, only on different subjects.

—W. Rogers

所有的人都是无知的，只是对不同的题材无知而已。

——罗杰斯

连　线　题

左列单词在右列中有一个或多个同义词，请画线连接。

（一）

（二）

（三）

（四）

连线题答案

（一）

（二）

（三）

（四）

Word List 35

状　态

记忆小贴士：全身心记忆法

根据测试，参与记忆单词的器官和身体部位越多，单词在大脑中的印象就越深刻，记忆的时间也就越长。边读边写边记，来一个全身总动员吧。

变化

diverse

[daiˈvəːs] adj. 不同的（different, various）

【例】Jane made a pretty bouquet of diverse flowers.

diversify

[daiˈvəːsifai] vt. 使多样化（vary）

【例】That factory has diversified its products.

fickle

[ˈfikl] adj. 多变的（changeable, capricious）

【例】The weather in this area is fickle, and you can never foretell.

manifold

[ˈmænifəuld] adj. 多样的（various, many）；多方面的

【记】mani（许多）＋fold（层次）→繁多的

【例】The newlywed couple received the manifold blessings of their friends and relatives.

lavish

[ˈlæviʃ] adj. 丰富的（liberal）

【记】lav（洗）＋ish→冲掉→浪费的

【例】My neighbors spoiled their children with lavish gifts.

profuse

[prəˈfjuːs] adj. 极其丰富的（abundant, exuberant）

【记】pro（向前）＋fuse（流）→表示充足，丰富的

vary

[ˈvɛəri] vt. 改变（differ, deviate from, range）

【例】He varies his writing style according to his readers.

various

[ˈvɛəriəs] adj. 各种的（diversified）

variation

[ˌvɛəriˈeiʃən] n. 变化（alteration, change）

【记】vari（变化）＋ation

【例】The global warming trend has made considerable variation of temperature.

variant

[ˈvɛəriənt] adj. 不同的（different）

【记】vari（变化）＋ant

mutation

[mjuːˈteiʃən] n. 变化（transformation）

【记】mut（变）＋ation

【例】A little frog was transformed into a monster due to a mutation aroused by nuclear emission.

transition

[trænˈziʃən] n. 转变，变迁；过渡（change, shift）

【记】trans（交换）＋it（走）＋ion→转变

【例】Spring is a transition from winter into summer.

transform

[trænsˈfɔːm] vt. 变换（change, transmute）

【记】trans（变）＋form（形）→变形

【例】A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.

enrich

[inˈritʃ] vt. 丰富（make rich, enhance）

【记】en＋rich（富）

【例】I enriched my coffee with cream and sugar.

convert

[kənˈvəːt] vt. 转换（change, transform）

【记】con＋vert（转）

【例】I converted the spare bedroom into a reading room.

copious

[ˈkəupjəs] adj. 丰富的（plentiful）

冲突

hostile

[ˈhɔstail] adj. 敌对的，不友好的（antagonistic, unfriendly）

【例】The hostile cat hissed whenever I came near.

diverge

[daiˈvəːʤ] vt. 分歧，差异（differ, deviate）

【记】di＋verge（转）→转开→分歧

【例】I'm afraid our opinions diverge from each other on the direction of investment.

divergent

[daiˈvəːʤənt] adj. 分叉的；分歧的（different）

【例】Thousands of divergent tree branches made a thick canopy overhead.

belligerent

[biˈliʤərənt] adj. 好战的；交战的（hostile, aggressive）

【例】It is unwise to take a belligerent attitude.

repulsive

[riˈpʌlsiv] adj. 排斥的（revolting, disgusting）

offensive

[əˈfensiv] adj. 无礼的；攻击性的（aggressive）

【记】动词offend（进攻，冒犯）

【例】I would take it as an offensive action if you don't stop making those terrible noises.

strife

[straif] n. 冲突；竞争（squabble, conflict）

feud

[fjuːd] n. 世仇 vi. 不合

【例】The feud between our families has lasted for generations.

struggle

[ˈstrʌɡl] n./vi. 竞争，奋斗（fight）

【例】The human being struggles with his environment.

strike

[straik] v. 打击（hit）

【例】In France, going on strike is frequently being utilised by the union in fighting for the workers' interest, which strikes the nation's economy heavily.

contend

[kənˈtend] v. 争斗（compete, rival）

【例】The armies are contending for control of strategic territory.

compete

[kəmˈpiːt] vi. 竞争

【例】Children sometimes compete for their parents' attention.

frown

[fraun] vi. 皱眉；反对

【例】My father frowned when I came home late last night.

parallel

[ˈpærəlel] vt. 匹敌（match, rival）

【例】His paintings parallels that of Qi Baishi.

tantalize

[ˈtæntəlaiz] vt. 逗惹，使…着急（provoke, tease）

【例】Every time I reached for the bird, it disppeared. I withdrew, it reappeared. It posed a tantalizing question forme.

rival

[ˈraivəl] vt. 竞争，匹敌（compete, match）

【例】Edison is a genius who can't be rivaled by ordinary mortals though advancedly educated.

assail

[əˈseil] vt. 猛击；决然面对（attack, assault）

【记】as＋sail（跳上去）→跳上去打→猛打

【例】A police officer assailed the crook with a baton.

fulminate

[ˈfulmineit] vi. 猛烈爆发（explode）

【记】fulmin（闪电，雷声）＋ate→像雷声一般发作→猛烈爆发

【例】The government has determined to fulminate against the crime wave.

baste

[beist] vt. 殴打；公开责骂（lash, beat）

【例】The man was basted for his crime.

repulse

[riˈpʌls] vt. 排斥

【记】re（反）＋pulse（推）→排斥

【例】Tom repulsed the attacker by punching him in the stomach.

repel

[riˈpel] vt. 排斥（resist, reject）

【记】re（反）＋pel（推）→排斥

【例】The soldiers repelled the enemy.

emulate

[ˈemjuleit] vt. 努力赶上或超过

【例】I tried to emulate Mary's skill at playing the piano.

punch

[pʌntʃ] vt. 重击（blow, hit）

【例】Plain Indians punched their hand-held drums while dancing.

thump

[θʌmp] vt. 重击（strike, pound）

【例】The salesman thumped the door knocker.

adverse

[ˈædvəːs] adj. 敌对的；不利的（hostile, unfavorable, negative）

【例】The adverse weather conditions made travel difficult.

impact

[ˈimpækt] v. 冲击（affect, influence）

【例】The Cultural Revolution greatly impacted many Chinese families.

admonish

[ədˈmɔniʃ] vt. 警告（warn）

【记】ad（加强）＋mon（警告）＋ish→加强警告

【例】Mary admonished the children not to talk to strangers.

穿透

stab

[stæb] v./n. 刺，戳（jab, injure）

【例】He stabbed the woman with a knife and she died.

sheathe

[ʃiːð] vt. （将刀剑）入鞘（cover, encase）

【例】He sheathes his sword.

insert

[inˈsəːt] vt. 插入（put in, add）

【记】in（进入）＋sert（插）

【例】He inserted the key in the lock but could not open the door.

pierce

[piəs] vt. 穿透，戳穿（penetrate, puncture）

【例】I pierced the paper with my pencil.

transfix

[trænsˈfiks] vt. 刺穿（pierce, impale）

【例】The fisherman transfixed the shark with a harpoon.

impale

[imˈpeil] vt. 刺穿，刺住（pierce, penetrate）

【记】im（进入）＋pale（尖木）→刺穿

【例】She had the butterflies impaled on small pins.

penetrate

[ˈpenitreit] vt. 刺穿，进入（pierce）

【记】pen（全部）＋etr（进入）＋ate

【例】The knife penetrated her finger and made it bleed.

interject

[ˌintəˈʤekt] vt. 突然插入

【例】May I interject a note of caution?

punch

[pʌntʃ] vt. 打孔

【例】Workers have to punch holes in the mountain to get the road through.

发展

successful

[səkˈsesful] adj. 成功的（fruitful）

incipient

[inˈsipiənt] adj. 初期的

【记】in（进入）＋cip（掉）＋ient→掉进来→刚开始的

initiate

[iˈniʃieit] vt. 开始，创始（start, begin, commence）

【例】Mary initiated a conversation with the man sitting next to her.

initial

[iˈniʃəl] adj. 初始的（original, beginning, early, oldest）

【记】in（进入）＋it（走）＋ial→走进→开始的

【例】His initial step to start a small business is to do a market research.

foremost

[ˈfɔːməust] adj. 最初的（prime）

【记】fore（前）＋most（最）→最先的

【例】He is one of the foremost atom scientists in China.

original

[əˈriʤənl] adj. 最初的（earliest, initial）

【记】origin（起源）＋al

【例】His idea is not original. Many pioneers had the same thought.

originally

[əˈriʤənəli] adv. 本来；最初

primary

[ˈpraiməri] adj. 最初的（foremost, initial）

【记】prim（最初的）＋ary

eventual

[iˈventʃuəl] adj. 最后的（final, ultimate）

【记】比较event（事件）

【例】Owning a restaurant is Bill's eventual goal, but now he is just an assistant chef.

ultimate

[ˈʌltimit] adj. 最后的（final, eventual）

【记】ultim（最远）＋ate

【例】Ultimate success can be only achieved by those who hang on.

final

[ˈfainl] adj. 最后的（ultimate）

【例】After the final contest has completed, the judges will decide who wins.

progress

[ˈprɔɡres] n./v. 前进，发展

【记】pro（向前）＋gress（走）→前进

【例】The year is progressing; it will soon be winter again.

triumph

[ˈtraiəmf] n. 成功（victory）

【例】In our moment of triumph, let's not forget those who made it all possible.

culmination

[ˌkʌlmiˈneiʃən] n. 顶点（climax, summit）

【例】At the culmination of her career, Mary gave a final concert.

peak

[piːk] n. 高峰；尖端（mountain top; summit, top）

【例】At the peak of their labor, they could lay five miles of rails a day.

process

[ˈprɔses] n. 过程（procedure） vt. 加工，处理

【例】These materials are to be processed before they can be used.

phase

[feiz] n. 阶段，态（stage, period）

【例】The three phases of matter are solid, liquid and gas.

condition

[kənˈdiʃən] n. 条件；状况

【例】My shoes are in bad condition and need to be replaced.

status

[ˈsteitəs] n. 状况

【例】The status of colonial women had been well studied.

result

[riˈzʌlt] n. 结果（outcome）

headway

[ˈhedwei] n. 进展（progress）

onset

[ˈɔnset] n. 开始（beginning）

【记】来自set on（攻击）

【例】He had a sudden onset of conscious loss and then fell down in the supermarket.

halt

[hɔːlt] v. 停止（stop, cease）

【例】The police ordered the thief to halt.

develop

[diˈveləp] v. 发展；产生；成长

【例】I will develop a headache if it gets too hot.

resume

[riˈzjuːm] v. 继续（continue, take up）

【记】re（重新）＋sume（拿）→继续

【例】We resumed our work after a rest.

exit

[ˈeksit] v. 退出

【记】ex（出）＋it（走）→走出→出口

【例】The actress exited secretly from an unseen exit.

climax

[ˈklaimæks] v. （使）达到高潮 n. 高峰，顶点（peak, culmination）

【例】The movie climaxed with Tom's revealing that he was really the child's father.

emerge

[iˈməːʤ] vi. 出现（appear, come into prominence）

【记】e（出）＋merge（沉）→沉的东西出现→浮现

【例】The divers emerged from the water.

proceed

[prəˈsiːd] vi. 进行（carry on, go on）

【记】pro（向前）＋ceed（走）→进行

【例】Business proceeded as usual.

commence

[kəˈmens] vi. 开始（begin）

【例】The second term commences in March.

vanish

[ˈvæniʃ] vi. 消失（disappear, fade）

【记】van（空）＋ish→变空→消失

【例】The magician made the flowers vanish with a wave of his hand.

launch

[lɔːntʃ] vt. 发动（start, begin）

【例】My company launched a new insurance plan.

engender

[inˈʤendə] vt. 产生（generate, produce）

【记】en（使）＋gender（产生）→使产生

【例】John's kind acts engendered my friendship.

beget

[biˈɡet] vt. 引起；产生（arise, bring）

【例】Hunger begets crime.

generate

[ˈʤenəreit] vt. 造成（produce, give rise to）

【记】gener（产生）＋ate

【例】His improper behavior generates a good deal of suspicion.

terminate

[ˈtəːmineit] vt. 终止（end, finish, conclude, stop）

【记】termin（结束）＋ate

【例】The author terminated his contract with the publisher.

accomplished

[əˈkɔmpliʃt] adj. 完成的

【例】The prediction was literally accomplished.

conclude

[kənˈkluːd] vi. 结束

【例】The movie concludes at ten o'clock.

conclusive

[kənˈkluːsiv] adj. 决定性的；最后的（decisive, definitive, final）

【例】The committee didn't reach any conclusive decision.

advance

[ədˈvɑːns] vt. 使前进（proceed）；提出（propose）

【例】The date of the meeting has been advanced from Friday to Monday.

achieve

[əˈtʃiːv] vt. 完成；实现；达到（accomplish, fulfil）

【例】Bill could not achieve his schooling because he is too lazy.

分离

detach

[diˈtætʃ] vt. 分开；分离（remove, separate）

【例】Sally detached the spray nozzle from the hose.

detached

[diˈtæʧt] adj. 分离的（separated, disconnected）

【例】The house has a detached garage rather than an adjoining one.

solitude

[ˈsɔlitjuːd] n. 与外界隔绝（isolation, loneliness）

sever

[ˈsevə] vt. 分开，断绝（separate）

【例】The road was severed at several places.

rend

[rend] vt. 分离（apart, seperate）

【例】The cruel enemies rent the child away from his mother.

segregate

[ˈseɡriɡeit] vt. 隔离，分离（alienate, separate）

【记】se（分开）＋greg（群体）＋ate→和群体分开→隔离

【例】Solid and liquid are segregated and then mixed again in the experiment.

disunite

[ˌdisjuːˈnait] vt. 使分离

【记】dis（不）＋unite（统一）→不统一→分离

【例】He managed to disunite the links of a chain.

scatter

[ˈskætə] vt. 使分散（disperse, spread）

【例】The farmer scattered the corn in the yard for the hens.

缓和

cushion

[ˈkuʃən] n. 垫层 vt. 缓解

【例】The sofa cushions have new upholstery.

soothe

[suːð] v. 安慰；缓和；减轻（appease, relieve）

【例】Kind words can soothe when someone is upset.

relax

[riˈlæks] v. （使）松弛，放松（ease）

【例】Don't worry about it, just try to relax.

placate

[ˈplækeit] vt. 安抚（appease, pacify）

【记】plac（平静）＋ate

【例】To placate an infant, a mom has to offer vocal reassurance.

console

[kənˈsəul] vt. 安慰（conciliate, comfort）

【例】The physician consoled the parents of the accident victim.

assuage

[əˈsweiʤ] vt. 缓和（alleviate, mitigate, soothe）

【记】as＋suage（甜）→变甜→缓和

【例】I pray that our Heavenly Father may assuage the anguish of your bereavement.

mollify

[ˈmɔlifai] vt. 缓和（appease, assuage）

【记】moll（软）＋ify→软化→缓和

【例】He tries to find ways of mollifying her.

mitigate

[ˈmitiɡeit] vt. 缓和；减轻（alleviate, relieve）

【记】miti（小）＋gate（做）→缓减

【例】Nothing could mitigate the cruelty with which she had treated him.

slacken

[ˈslækən] vt. 使松弛（loosen, slow down）

【记】slack（松弛）＋en

【例】I slackened the line to let the fish swim.

pacify

[ˈpæsifai] vt. 镇定；抚慰（appease, placate）

【记】pac（和平，平静）＋ify

【例】Even a written apology failed to pacify the indignant hostess.

恢复

rally

[ˈræli] n./v. 恢复

【记】比较ally（联盟）

【例】They paused to fresh themselves and rally their strength.

revive

[riˈvaiv] v. 复兴；复苏（revitalize）

【记】re（重新）＋vive（活）→复苏

【例】The fresh air soon revived him.

revert

[riˈvəːt] v. 回复（come back, return）

【例】After her divorce she reverted to using her maiden name.

retract

[riˈtrækt] v. 收回，撤回（take back, withdraw）

【记】re（回）＋tract（拉）→拉回→收回

【例】The company retracted its offer of a free ham, because it ran out of hams.

retrieve

[riˈtriːv] v. 重新找回（recover, save）

【记】re（重新）＋trieve（找到）→重新找到

【例】Jane retrieved the lost document from the garbage can.

energize

[ˈenəʤaiz] vt. 供给能量；使活跃

【例】I energized the motor when I turned on the electric switch.

restore

[risˈtɔː] vt. 恢复（recover, bring back）

【记】re（回）＋store（储存）→返回储存→恢复

【例】The people are eager to restore law and order after long time chaos.

rehabilitate

[ˌriːhəˈbiliteit] vt. 恢复（restore）

【记】reh（重新）＋abili（能力）＋tate→重新获得能力→恢复

【例】After World War Ⅱ, many factories were rehabilitated rather than bulldozed.

recover

[riˈkʌvə] vt. 恢复（resume）

【例】The patient did not recover himself since he was knocked down in a car accident.

revoke

[riˈvəuk] vt. 取消，撤回（cancel, repeal）

【记】re（反）＋voke（喊）→喊反话→取消

【例】The drunk driver had his driving licence revoked.

refresh

[riˈfreʃ] vt. 使清新 vi. 恢复精神（renew, revive）

【记】re（重新）＋fresh（新鲜的）

【例】She felt refreshed after her sleep.

混乱

intricate

[ˈintrikit] adj. 错综复杂的（complicated, entangled）；难懂的

【记】in（进入）＋tric（复杂）＋ate

complex

[kəmˈpleks] adj. 复杂的（complicated, tangled） n. 综合体

【记】com＋plex（交叉重叠）→复杂的

【例】The student thought the algebraic formula was complex.

disarray

[disəˈrei] n./vt. 杂乱；混乱

【记】dis＋array（排列）

【例】I couldn't find the papers in all the disarray on my desk.

confuse

[kənˈfjuːz] vt. 混淆

【记】con（共同）＋fuse（流）→流到一起→混合

【例】Please don't confuse Australia with Austria.

jumble

[ˈʤʌmbl] v. 混杂（muddle, mix）

【例】The paper in the office were all jumbled up.

shuffle

[ˈʃʌf1] vt. 搅乱，混合（mix, blend）

【例】He shuffled the cards before each new round.

complicate

[ˈkɔmplikeit] vt. 使复杂；使陷入

【例】Getting angry with each other will only complicate the matter.

befuddle

[biˈfʌdl] vt. 使混乱（confuse）

【例】The befuddled deer could not move out of the path of the car.

muddle

[ˈmʌdl] vt. 使混乱（confuse, make into a mess）

【记】mud（泥）＋dle→混入泥→混乱

【例】The lesson was not clear and it has muddled me.

聚集

assemble

[əˈsembl] vt. 聚集（gather, congregate）

【例】After assembling the things he needed, Bob baked a beautiful cake.

assembly

[əˈsembli] n. 集会

【例】An assembly was called so that everyone could vote on the issue.

party

[ˈpɑːti] n. 团体；一伙

association

[əˌsəuʃiˈeiʃən] n. 协会（society）

【例】Translators Association of China was founded in 1982.

gather

[ˈɡæðə] v. 聚集，集合（compile, collect）

【例】Children, gather round, and Miss Alice will tell you a fable.

attend

[əˈtend] vt. 参加（join）

【例】Bob didn't attended school until he was 17.

convene

[kənˈviːn] vt. 集合（assemble, gather）

【记】con（共同）＋vene（走）→走到一起

【例】Party congresses at all levels are convened by Party committees at their respective levels.

congregate

[ˈkɔŋɡriɡeit] vt. 聚集（assemble, gather）

【记】con（共同）＋greg（集会）＋ate

【例】Each morning people at work congregate around the coffee pot.

accompany

[əˈkʌmpəni] vt. 伴随（travel with）

【记】ac＋company（伴侣）

【例】If you go to the opera, I will accompany you.

扩大

sprawl

[sprɔːl] n. 扩展 v. 蔓延（spread）

【记】比较crawl（爬）

【例】Suburban sprawl caused really bad traffic jams.

broaden

[ˈbrɔːdn] v. 放宽，变阔

【记】broad（宽）＋en

【例】The city broadened the road at the dangerous turn.

swell

[swel] v. 膨胀（expand, inflate）

【例】My ankle began to swell when I injured it.

expand

[iksˈpænd] vi. 扩张（outspread）

【记】ex＋pand（分散）→分散出去→扩张

【例】The balloon expanded slowly.

dilate

[daiˈleit] vt. 使膨胀，使扩大（expand, widen）

【记】di（分开）＋late→扩大

【例】I dilated the opening in the turkey and pushed the stuffing in.

augment

[ɔːɡˈment] vt. 增大，增加（enlarge, increase）

【记】aug（提高）＋ment→增大

【例】The addition to the house greatly augmented its value.

粘附

stick

[stik] v. 粘住，粘贴（cling, attach）

【例】The stamp is not sticky enough to stick on the envelope.

sticky

[ˈstiki] adj. 粘连的（adhesive）

attachment

[əˈtæʧmənt] n. 连接物，附件

【例】The vacuum cleaner has six different attachments.

cohere

[kəuˈhiə] vi. 附着（connect, fit）

【记】co（共同）＋here（粘）→共同粘→连贯

【例】The sushi rice grains cohere.

cling

[kliŋ] vi. 黏附（adhere, stick）

【例】The child clung to his mother, begging her not to leave.

adhere

[ədˈhiə] vi. 黏着，坚持（stick, hold, cling）

【例】There is a piece of lettuce adhering to the side of your plate.

adherent

[ədˈhiərənt] adj. 依附的（adhesive, sticky） n. 追随者，信徒

【例】The political party's loyal adherents contributed a lot of money.

频率

constant

[ˈkɔnstənt] adj. 不变的，持续的（invariable, continous）

【例】The constant noise from the road crew gave Bill a headache.

incessant

[inˈsesnt] adj. 不断的（ceaseless, continual）

【记】in（不）＋cess（停止）＋ant

coherent

[kəuˈhiərənt] adj. 连贯的（logical, unified）

【例】The student had a coherent explanation for being late.

incoherent

[ˌinkəuˈhiərənt] adj. 不连贯的（disconnected）

【记】in（不）＋coherent（连贯的）

ceaseless

[ˈsiːslis] adj. 不停的（incessant, endless）

【记】cease（停）＋less（否定后缀）

【例】The ceaseless noise of the dripping faucet drove us crazy.

speedy

[ˈspiːdi] adj. 快的，迅速的

swift

[swift] adj. 快速的（quick）

【例】The swift current carried the raft downstream.

successive

[səkˈsesiv] adj. 连续的（consecutive）

【例】The baseball player hit four successive home runs.

consecutive

[kənˈsekjutiv] adj. 连续的（successive）

【例】In his speech the president said that agricultural exports went up for twelve consecutive years.

prompt

[prɔmpt] adj. 迅速的（quick）

fitful

[ˈfitfəl] adj. 一阵阵的；断续的

【记】fit（一阵）＋ful

【例】Please sit Your fitful pacing is bothering me.

continually

[kɔnˈtinjuəli] adv. 不断地（constantly, ceaselessly）

gradually

[ˈɡrædjuəli] adv. 逐渐地（slowly, by degree, little by little）

haunt

[hɔːnt] vt. 常到（frequent）

【例】Do you haunt the movie theaters?

frequency

[ˈfriːkwənsi] n. 频率，周率，发生次数

缺乏

insufficient

[ˌinsəˈfiʃənt] adj. 不足的，不够的（inadaquate）

scanty

[ˈskænti] adj. 贫乏的（sparse, meager）

【记】scant（不足的）＋y

【例】The scanty resources defines this area as barren.

meager

[ˈmiːɡə] adj. 贫乏的，不足的（scanty）

needy

[ˈniːdi] adj. 贫穷的（poor）

【记】need（需要）＋y→急需的→贫穷的

【例】Those needy children had to work for their keep.

stingy

[ˈstinʤi] adj. 缺乏的

devoid

[diˈvɔid] adj. 缺乏的（empty, lacking）

【记】de＋void（空）→缺乏的

【例】The hot air was devoid of even the slightest amount of moisture.

scarce

[skɛəs] adj. 缺乏的，不足的（sparse）

forfeit

[ˈfɔːfit] vt. 丧失（sacrifice） adj. 丧失了的（lost）

【例】His lands were forfeit.

衰弱

degenerate

[diˈʤenəreit] adj. 堕落的 vi. 退步（degrade, deteriorate）

【记】de（坏）＋gener（产生）＋ate→往坏产生→堕落

【例】I was shocked by the lack of morals in this degenerate book.

decadence

[ˈdekədəns] n. 衰落，颓废

【记】de＋cad（落下）＋ence

【例】The mayor criticized the teenagers for their decadence.

decline

[diˈklain] v. 衰落（go down, drop）

【例】As the dog grew older, its health declined.

languish

[ˈlæŋɡwiʃ] vi. 变衰弱（wither, fade）

【例】The prisoners have been languishing for years in the dungeon.

ebb

[eb] vi. 衰退（decay）

【例】The water washed up on the shore, then slowly ebbed away.

flag

[f1æɡ] vi. 衰退，减弱（decline）

【例】His interest in this topic is flagging as shown in his dull eyes.

deplete

[diˈpliːt] vt. 耗尽，使衰竭（exhaust）

【例】I always replenish my food supply before it is depleted.

degrade

[diˈɡreid] vt. 使降级；使堕落（degenerate, lower）

【记】de（向下）＋grade（级）→向下降级

【例】He degraded himself by cheating and telling lies.

enervate

[ˈenəveit] vt. 使衰弱（enfeeble, weaken）

【例】The dullness of the lecture as well as the heat of the day enervated the students, who were all too tired.

随机

informal

[inˈfɔːm1] adj. 不拘礼节的，随便的

indefinite

[inˈdefinit] adj. 不明确的；不定的（infinite, unlimited）

【记】in（不）＋definite（确定的）

【例】Don't expect too much; it is still indefinite that your favorite star will come.

casual

[ˈkæʒuə1] adj. 非正式的，随便的（informal）

【例】The picnic was casual, so we all wore shirts.

potential

[pəˈtenʃəl] adj. 可能的；潜在的（possible, conceivable）

【例】The inventor determined potential markets for the new product.

contingent

[kənˈtinʤənt] adj. 可能发生的（accidental, unforeseen）

【例】Mary's offer to buy the house was contingent upon her getting a mortgage.

dispensable

[disˈpensəbl] adj. 可有可无的（unnecessary, unimportant）

【例】This magazine is dispensable, so let's discontinue our subscription.

occasional

[əˈkeiʒənəl] adj. 偶然的（accidental, haphazard）

【例】The silence was broken by an occasional scream.

fortuitously

[fɔːˈtjuːitəsli] adv. 偶然地，意外地（accidentally, coincidentally）

【例】He is not a good swimmer, he just won the game fortuitously.

haphazard

[hæpˈhæzəd] adj. 偶然的；随便的（casual, random, indiscriminate）

【记】hap＋hazard（偶然，运气）→偶然的

【例】I didn't mean to meet my old friend at the airport, it is just a haphazard meeting.

random

[ˈrændəm] adj. 任意的，随意的（patternless, unplanned）

doubtful

[ˈdautful] adj. 未确定的；不可靠的（treacherous）

【例】John felt doubtful about getting married.

lottery

[ˈlɔtəri] n. 碰巧之事

【例】"Marriage is just a lottery; don't believe in love." said the old man.

accidental

[ˌæksiˈdentl] adj. 偶然的（occasional）

【记】ac＋cid（落下）＋ental→意外的

【例】I made an accidental error on my exam.

缩减

constrict

[kənˈstrikt] v. （使）收紧，压缩（reduce, compress）

【记】strict（严格的，精密的）

【例】The snake constricted its body around its prey and killed it.

dwindle

[ˈdwindl] vi. 减少（diminish, decrease）

【例】The stream will continue to dwindle if it doesn't rain.

detract

[diˈtrækt] vi. 去掉；减损（lessen, derogate）

【记】de＋tract（拉）

【例】Their argument detracted from the otherwise pleasant conversation.

contract

[ˈkɔntrækt] vi. 收缩（shrink, reduce）

【记】con＋tract（拉）→拉到一起→收缩

【例】Plastic bags contract when being heated.

reduce

[riˈdjuːs] vt. 减少，简化（simplify）

【例】Statistics helps to reduce unwieldy data to comprehensible form.

diminish

[diˈminiʃ] vt. 减少；缩小（decrease, dwindle）

【记】di（向下）＋mini（小）＋ish→小下去→缩小

【例】Unexpected expenses diminished the size of my bank account.

curtail

[kəːˈteil] vt. 缩减（cutback, reduce）

【记】cur＋tail（尾巴）→尾巴短了→减缩

【例】The discussions were curtailed when the fire alarm went off.

indent

[inˈdent] vt. 缩排，缩进

【例】Remember to indent the first line of every paragraph.

subtraction

[səbˈtrækʃən] n. 减少

稳定性

erratic

[iˈrætik] adj. 不稳定的（unpredictable）

【例】Bill's erratic moods upset everyone in our office.

stable

[ˈsteibl] adj. 稳定的（immobile, steady）

【例】Don't lean on my desk! It's not stable.

unstable

[ʌnˈsteibl] adj. 不稳定的，不牢固的（variable, troubled, inconstant）

steady

[ˈstedi] adj. 稳固的 vt. 使稳定

steadily

[ˈstedili] adv. 稳定地，有规则地（consistently）

poise

[pɔiz] n. 平衡；稳定（balance）

物理属性变化

ascent

[əˈsent] n. 上升

【例】The rock climbers made their ascent slowly.

descent

[diˈsent] n. 下降

extend

[iksˈtend] v. 扩充，延伸（stretch, increase）

【例】The head master extended our holiday by four days.

extension

[iksˈtenʃən] n. 延伸

【例】The handle isn't long enough, so I need an extension.

hike

[haik] v. 上升

【例】My coat had hiked up in the back.

hoist

[hɔist] v. 升起（raise） n. 起重机

【例】He was hoisted up to the top of the building by a hoist.

stretch

[streʧ] v. 伸展，伸长（pull taut, expand）

【例】She stretched herself out on the couch and fell asleep.

transform

[trænsˈfɔːm] vt. 明显地改变…外观或形状

【记】trans（变）＋form（形）→变形

【例】A fresh coat of paint can transform a room.

deform

[diˈfɔːm] vt. 使变形（disfigure, distort）

【记】de（坏）＋form（形状）→使变形

【例】A constant wind deformed the tree.

elevate

[ˈeliveit] vt. 抬高

【记】e（出）＋lev（举）＋ate→举出→升高

【例】The marchers elevated the flag as they passed the president.

sharpen

[ˈʃɑːpn] vt. 削尖

【例】The boy sharpened the pencil with a knife.

enhance

[inˈhæns] vt. 增加（raise, improve, heighten）

【例】You can enhance your appearance with makeup.

abate

[əˈbeit] v. 减少（lessen, diminish, dwindle, subside）

【例】It is reported that flu has been abating due to a warm winter.

accumulate

[əˈkjuːmjuleit] vt. 积聚（aggregate, amass, accrue）

【记】ac＋cumul（堆积）＋ate→积累

【例】The television screen accumulates dust.

amplify

[ˈæmplifai] vt. 放大，增强

【例】We need to amplify the electric current.

amplification

[ˌæmplifiˈkeiʃən] n. 扩大

物理状态

stuffy

[ˈstʌfi] adj. 闷热的，不通风的（airless, stale）

tilted

[ˈtiltid] adj. 倾斜的（slanted）

regularly

[ˈreɡjuləli] adv. 有规律地，整齐地（routinely）

【例】Take the medicine regularly three times a day.

coil

[kɔil] n. 盘绕 v. 卷（curl, wind）

【例】The snake coiled itself around its prey.

slope

[sləup] n. 倾斜，斜面 v. 倾斜（slant, tilt, incline）

slant

[slænt] n. 斜面 vt. 使倾斜（tilt, slope）

【例】The roof was built at a slant so rain would run off it.

protrude

[prəuˈtruːd] v. （使）突出（project, stick out）

【记】pro（前）＋trude（伸出）→突出

【例】John's teeth protrude from his gums at an odd angle.

rotate

[ˈrəuteit] v. （使）旋转（turn, alternate）

【例】The coach rotates her players frequently near the end of the game.

roll

[rəul] v. 滚动（scroll）

【例】If you roll my log, I will roll yours.

dangle

[ˈdæŋɡl] v. 悬摆（suspend, hang）

【例】The monkey loved to dangle from the branch and eat bananas.

project

[prəˈʤekt] v. 凸出，投射（protrude）

【例】His eyebrows project noticeably.

encompass

[inˈkʌmpəs] vt. 包围，环绕（encircle, cover）；包含

【记】en＋compass（包围）

【例】A thick fog encompassed the village.

active

[ˈæktiv] adj. 活动的，活跃的

【例】Susan's personal life is very active.

hump

[hʌmp] vi. 隆起

【例】The land here humped into a hummock.

tower

[ˈtauə] vi. 屹立，高耸

【例】The skyscraper towered among the city.

spin

[spin] v. 旋转

【例】The wheels of the car were spinning.

concave

[ˈkɔnˈkeiv] adj. 凹的，凹入的 n. 凹，凹面

convex

[ˈkɔnveks] adj. 表面弯曲如球的外侧的，凸起的

pitch

[piʧ] n. 程度，斜度

吸引

glamor

[ˈɡlæmə] n. 魅力（attraction, charm）

glamorous

[ˈɡlæmərəs] adj. 富有魅力的（fascinating, charming）

【记】参考glamour（魔力）

【例】The young president ceased to be glamorous when he announced a higher tax rate.

catching

[ˈkæʧiŋ] adj. 迷人的（charming）

【记】catch（抓）＋ing→心被抓住→迷人的

【例】Mary is quite catching on campus.

engross

[inˈɡrəus] vt. 使全神贯注于；吸引（absorb, preoccupy）

【例】The football game engrossed Tom completely.

engrossed

[inˈɡrəust] adj. 全神贯注的（absorbed）

attractive

[əˈtræktiv] adj. 吸引人的，有魅力的（pretty, appealing）

conspicuous

[kənˈspikjuəs] adj. 引人注目的（noticeable, obvious）

【记】con＋spic（看）＋uous→大家都看→引人注目的

【例】The crack in the ceiling was very conspicuous.

inviting

[inˈvaitiŋ] adj. 诱人的（attractive）；引人注目的

【例】The restaurant appeared to be cozy and inviting, so we ate there.

bait

[beit] n. 饵，引诱物（lure）

【例】Cheese is good bait for catfish.

charisma

[kəˈrizmə] n. 魅力，感召力

【例】The performer's charisma kept our attention and caused us to listen to everything she said.

draw

[drɔː] v. 吸引，拉（attact）

【例】The great parade of overseas Chinese on the main street of Paris drew a crowd of twenty thousand.

enrapture

[inˈræpʧə] vt. 使出神

【记】en＋rapture（狂喜）

【例】Her smile enraptured him so he would not move his eyes.

induce

[inˈdjuːs] vt. 导致，诱使（cause, produce）

【记】in（进入）＋duce（引导）

【例】The careless worker induced the fire with a cigarette butt.

intoxicate

[inˈtɔksikeit] vt. 使陶醉

【记】in（进入）＋toxic（毒）＋ate→进入毒→使迷醉

【例】He was intoxicated by many awards he received and ceased his step toward the peak of his career.

lure

[ljuə] vt. 诱惑（entice, tempt）

【记】比较allure（引诱）

【例】Many young Japanese engineers have been lured to the Middle East by the promise of high wages.

entice

[inˈtais] vt. 诱惑（lure, tempt）

【例】I enticed Mary to dinner by offering to pay for her meal.

tempt

[tempt] vt. 诱使（lure, entice）

【例】We refused the offer even though it tempted us.

addict

[əˈdikt] vt. 对…有瘾

【例】Alcohol may addict you.

addicted

[əˈdiktid] adj. 沉溺的，上瘾的

【例】Max smokes but he is not addicted.

absorb

[əbˈzɔːb] vt. 吸收，吸引（attract, allure）

【记】ab＋sorb（吸）

【例】I used a sponge to absorb the spilled milk.

absorbing

[əbˈzɔːbiŋ] adj. 引人入胜的（enchanting, fascinating）

虚弱

delicate

[ˈdelikit] adj. 脆弱的

pitiful

[ˈpitiful] adj. 可怜的

【记】名词pity（可怜）

fragile

[ˈfræʤail] adj. 脆的（breakable, brittle）

【记】frag（碎）＋ile→易碎的

【例】You must cushion fragile objects carefully when you pack them.

emaciate

[iˈmeiʃieit] vt. 使瘦弱

【记】e＋maci（瘦）＋ate

【例】A long illness had emaciated my father.

emaciated

[iˈmeiʃieitid] adj. 瘦弱的；憔悴的（skinny; haggard）

【例】A bus transported the emaciated refugees to the camp.

flimsy

[ˈflimzi] adj. 脆弱的；薄弱的（thin）

【记】比较film（胶片）

fragmentary

[ˈfræɡməntəri] adj. 碎片的；不连续的（discontinuous）

frail

[freil] adj. 虚弱的，脆弱的（fragile, flimsy）

【记】frail＝fract（打碎的）→脆弱的

【例】My grandmother is frail, but she's still very alert.

brittle

[ˈbritl] adj. 易碎的（fragile）

【例】Steel is not as brittle as cast iron; it doesn't break as easily.

slender

[ˈslendə] adj. 苗条的，微弱的（slim）

impotence

[ˈimpətəns] n. 无力；虚弱（powerlessness）

【记】im（无）＋potence（能力）→无能

limp

[limp] adj. 柔软的，无力的

【记】比较limb（四肢）

隐藏

cryptic

[ˈkriptik] adj. 神秘的，隐藏的（mysterious）

【记】crypt（神秘）＋ic

【例】I do not understand your cryptic remarks!

secluded

[siˈkluːdid] adj. 隐蔽的，隐退的（remote, isolated）

【例】To find the true self, one is suggested to live a secluded life for a while.

seclusion

[siˈkluːʒən] n. 归隐；隔离（solitude, isolation）

【记】se（分开）＋clus＝clude（关闭）＋ion→隔离

【例】Emily Dickinson's seclusion made her life a mystery to the public.

dissemble

[diˈsembl] v. 隐藏；伪装（disguise, dissimulate）

【记】dis＋semble（相似）→隐藏

【例】The criminal suspect was dissembling when he said he was asleep in bed at the time of the crime.

lurk

[ləːk] vi. 躲藏（prowl, slink）

【例】The villagers reported that the lion from the zoo was still lurking close to.

sneak

[sniːk] vi. 潜行（lurk, skulk）

【记】比较snake（蛇）

【例】The man sneaked about the place watching for a chance to steal something.

conceal

[kənˈsiːl] vt. 把…隐藏起来（disguise, hide）

【例】The criminal concealed the knife in his boot.

feign

[fein] vt. 假装（simulate, sham）

【记】比较feint（佯攻）

【例】The hunter had to feign death when he suddenly found out that a bear was coming toward him.

pretend

[priˈtend] vt. 伪装（camouflage, disguise）

【例】He pretended not to know the facts.

simulate

[ˈsimjuleit] vt. 伪装，扮演（feign, fake）

【例】The computer program simulated the effects of aging.

hide

[haid] v. 隐藏（conceal）

【例】The gangsters hid out in a remote cabin until it was safe to return to the city.

obscure

[əbˈskjuə] vt. 掩盖（hide, cloud）

【记】ob（离开）＋scure（跑）→跑开→掩盖

【例】The darkness of the night obscured the burglar's figure.

screen

[skriːn] vt. 遮蔽（veil, conceal）

【例】The moon was screened by clouds.

Fear not that thy life shall come to an end, but rather fear that it shall never have a beginning.

—J. H. Newman

不要害怕你的生活将要结束，应该担心你的生活永远不曾真正开始。

——纽曼

连　线　题

左列单词在右列中有一个或多个同义词，请画线连接。

（一）

（二）

（三）

连线题答案

（一）

（二）

（三）

附录一　索引

abacus

abandon

abashed

abate

abdicate

abduct

abhor

abhorrent

abide

abide

abiding

ability

ablaze

abnormal

abolish

aboriginal

abortive

abridge

abruptly

absolute

absolve

absorb

absorb

absorbing

abstain

abstinence

abstract

abstract

abstraction

abstraction

abstruse

absurd

abundant

abuse

academic

accelerate

accelerate

accentuate

access

access

accidental

acclaim

accommodate

accommodate

accompany

accomplice

accomplished

accomplished

accost

account

account

account

accredit

accumulate

accurate

accuse

accustomed

achieve

acid

acid

acknowledge

acoustic

acquire

acquisitive

acquisitive

acquit

acrid

acrimonious

acrimony

acting

action

action

active

actual

acumen

acute

acute

adage

adapt

adapt

adaptable

adaptable

adaptation

addict

addict

addicted

addition

adept

adequate

adhere

adherent

adherent

adhesive

adjacent

adjoin

adjoining

adjourn

adjust

administer

admirable

admire

admit

admonish

adopt

adopt

adore

adroit

adult

advance

advance

adverse

adversity

advice

advisable

advise

advocate

advocate

aesthetic

affable

affect

affection

affectionate

affiliate

affinity

affinity

affirm

affirm

affirm

afflict

aggregate

agrarian

agricultural

agriculture

alchemy

altitude

aluminum

alumni

Amendment

ammonia

amphibian

amplification

amplifier

amplify

anarchism

anatomy

ancestor

angle

Antarctic

Antarctica

antenna

anthropologist

anthropology

antique

antiquity

appetite

apprentice

approve

approximate

apt

aptitude

aptitude

aquaculture

aquatic

arable

arbitration

arbitrator

archaic

archeologist

archeology

Arctic

ardent

ardor

arduous

area

arid

aristocrat

arithmetic

armament

armor

aroma

arouse

arrange

array

array

arrogance

arrogant

article

article

artifact

artificial

artist

ascend

ascend

ascent

ascertain

ascetic

aspect

aspect

asperse

aspersion

aspiration

aspiration

aspire

assail

assassin

assassinate

assault

assemble

assembly

assert

assert

assess

asset

assiduous

assign

assimilate

assist

associate

association

association

assuage

assumption

assumption

assure

asteroid

astonish

astonished

astound

astrology

astronaut

astronomer

astronomical

astronomy

astrophysics

astute

atheism

athlete

atmosphere

atom

attachment

attainment

attempt

attend

attendant

attire

attorney

attractive

attribute

attribute

attrition

audience

audit

audition

auditor

auditorium

augment

aura

aura

auspice

auspicious

austerity

austerity

authentic

authoritative

authority

authorize

autocrat

autonomy

available

avalanche

avant-garde

avarice

avaricious

average

aversion

avert

aviator

avid

avid

avoid

avow

awe

awkward

axis

baboon

baboon

baby-sit

bachelor

backward

baggage

bait

balance

bald

balk

ballot

balmy

balmy

ban

band

band

band

band

bandit

banish

bankruptcy

banquet

bar

barbarian

bare

bare

barely

bark

barley

barn

barometer

barren

barricade

barrier

barter

bashful

basin

bask

bask

baste

bat

battery

beak

bear

bear

beast

beat

beaver

becoming

beet

beforehand

befuddle

beget

begrudge

beguile

beguile

behave

behave

behavior

belie

believer

belittle

belligerent

benefactor

beneficial

beneficiary

benefit

benefit

benevolent

benign

bent

bequest

berate

bereave

beset

besides

besiege

bestow

bestow

betray

betray

beverage

bewilder

bias

bias

bicker

bidding

bidding

bidding

bigoted

bill

bill

bill

biochemistry

biographer

bird

bizarre

blackmail

blame

bland

blast

blast

bleach

bleak

bleed

blemish

blend

blessed

blessed

blessing

blink

bliss

blizzard

block

block

block

blunder

blunt

blunt

blur

board

board

boast

boastful

bold

bombastic

bonanza

bonanza

bond

bond

bondage

bonus

boon

bore

boredom

borehole

boring

botanical

botanist

botany

bothersome

bough

bound

bound

boundless

bow

brace

brag

brain

branch

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meager

mean

mean

meander

means

means

mechanic

mechanical

mechanics

mechanics

meddle

mediate

mediocre

meditative

medium

meek

menace

mend

menial

mental

mention

merchandise

merciful

Mercury

mercury

merge

meridian

merit

Mesolithic

messy

metabolism

meteor

meteorologist

meteorology

methane

methodical

meticulously

metropolitan

microbe

microscope

microwaves

midst

mighty

migrate

military

mill

millet

mimicry

mine

mineral

minority

minus

minuscule

minute

miser

miserable

miserly

misery

misgiving

mishap

mitigate

mock

moderate

modest

modification

modify

modulate

moist

moisten

moisture

mold

molecule

molecule

mollify

mollusk

momentous

monarch

monarchy

monitor

monitor

monogamous

monotonous

monster

morale

morbid

moron

morphology

mortal

mortal

mostly

moth

motif

motion

motivation

movement

muddle

multiply

multitude

municipal

munificent

mustard

mutation

mutual

mysterious

mythical

nap

narrate

nationality

natural

naval

navigation

nearly

nebula

necrosis

needy

neglect

negligence

negligent

negligible

negotiate

Neolithic

Neptune

nervous

nervous

nest

neutral

neutralize

neutralize

neutron

nibble

niche

nickel

nimble

nitrogen

nocturnal

nod

nominate

nonsense

nostalgia

nostalgia

notable

note

noted

notorious

novelty

novice

noxlous

nuclear

nucleus

null

null

numb

numeral

numerous

nurture

nutriment

nutrition

oasis

oath

oats

obedience

obese

objective

objective

obligatory

oblige

obliging

oblivion

obscene

obscure

obscure

obscure

observation

observe

observe

obsolete

obstacle

obstinate

obstruct

obtain

obvious

occasional

occasional

occult

odd

odor

odor

offensive

offer

offhand

offhand

officeholding

officially

offspring

omit

omnivorous

onion

onset

onset

opaque

opera

operate

operator

opponent

opportunity

opposed

optical

optics

optimum

option

opulence

oracle

oration

orator

orbit

orchard

orchestra

orchid

ordeal

order

ore

organ

organism

original

original

originally

originate

ornament

oscillation

oust

outburst

outcome

outfit

outfit

outing

outlet

output

outrage

outrageous

outskirt

outspoken

outstanding

outstanding

outwit

overall

overbearing

overcome

overdue

overflow

overlook

overturn

oxygen

oyster

ozonosphere

pacify

pact

painstaking

palatable

paleoanthropologist

Paleolithic

pamphlet

panacea

panic

parade

parallel

parallel

paraphrase

parasite

parasitic

pardon

partial

partial

partially

particle

particularly

partisan

party

passionate

passionate

pasture

patriarchal

patronage

patronage

pea

peak

peanut

peck

peel

peerless

penal

penchant

pending

penetrate

peninsula

pensive

penury

pepper

perceive

percentage

perceptive

percussion

perennial

perfect

peril

perilous

permanent

permeate

permissible

permissive

permit

perpetuate

perplex

perseverance

persevere

persistent

personnel

perspective

perspective

persuasive

pertinent

pervade

pervert

pest

pesticide

petal

petition

petrify

petrify

petroleum

peviousiy

phase

philanthropist

phonetics

photosphere

photosynthesis

physical

physician

physics

pick

picturesque

pierce

pierce

pigpen

pigsty

pilferage

pilot

pious

pit

pit

pitch

pitiful

pitiful

pivot

pivot

pivotal

placate

placate

placid

plague

plain

plaintiff

planeroid

planet

plankton

plant

plantation

plastic

plate

plateau

platinum

plausible

playwright

plea

plead

pleasing

pledge

plight

plot

plumb

plunge

plus

Pluto

poikilotherm

poise

poise

pollen

pollinate

pollination

pollutant

pollute

pollution

polyandrous

polygamous

polygon

polymerization

ponder

ponderous

porcelain

porpoise

porpoise

portable

portion

portrait

portray

pose

positive

posterity

postpone

posture

potato

potent

potential

poultry

power

practical

prairie

prawn

preach

precede

precious

precipitate

precipitate

precipitous

precise

precision

preclude

precursor

precursor

predator

predatory

prediction

predominantly

predominate

preeminent

preferable

preferable

preference

preference

pregnant

prelude

premise

prescribe

prescription

prescription

preserve

pressing

pressure

pressure

prestige

presume

presumption

presumptuous

pretend

pretentious

prevail

prevalent

prevent

previous

prey

primarily

primary

primary

primate

Primates

primitive

principal

principal

privilege

probability

probable

probe

probity

proceed

process

process

proclaim

procure

prod

prodigal

prodigious

profane

profess

profile

profoundly

profuse

progress

project

proliferate

prolific

prolong

prominent

promising

promote

promote

prompt

prompt

prone

pronounced

prop

propagate

propagate

propel

propensity

proportion

proposal

propose

proprietor

propriety

proscribe

prosecute

prospect

prospective

prosperlity

prosperous

protein

proton

protract

protrude

provident

provision

provoke

proximity

proximity

proxy

prudent

prune

pseudoscience

puddle

pump

pumpkin

punch

punch

punctual

pungent

purchase

pure

purge

purge

puzzle

quaint

qualified

qualitative

quality

quantitative

quantity

quarter

quartz

quasar

queer

quell

query

quiver

quota

radiant

radiate

radiation

radical

radical

radical

radically

radically

radish

radius

radius

rage

ragged

raid

raise

raise

rally

rally

ranch

random

ranges

rank

rank

ransom

rap

rap

rapacious

rapacious

rapture

rare

rashly

ratify

ratio

ration

rational

ravage

ravage

ravenous

ravenous

ravish

ray

raze

readily

readily

realize

realize

realm

reason

rebate

rebel

rebel

rebellion

rebellion

rebuke

recall

recently

reception

reception

recipient

reciprocal

reckless

recluse

recognition

recognize

recoil

recollection

recommend

reconcile

reconciliation

record

record

recover

recreation

recruit

rectangle

recur

redeem

redress

redress

reduce

redundant

refer

refine

refined

reflection

reform

refresh

refuge

refund

refute

regardless

regeneration

regimen

regimen

region

register

regularly

rehabilitate

rehearse

reign

reimburse

reinforce

reiterate

reject

reject

relapse

relatively

relativity

relax

release

release

release

relentless

relevant

reliable

relic

relieved

relieved

religion

relinquish

reluctant

remain

remains

remarkable

remedy

remind

remit

remit

remnant

remote

remove

renaissance

rend

rend

render

render

renounce

renovate

renowned

repel

replenish

reproach

reproduce

reproduction

reproduction

reptile

republicans

repudiate

repulse

repulse

repulsive

rescue

resemble

resent

reside

resident

resident

residue

resign

resist

resist

resolute

resolve

resolved

resonance

respect

respective

respiration

responsible

resprct

restore

restrain

restrict

result

resume

retain

retard

retort

retract

retrieve

reveal

revelation

revenue

revere

reverence

revert

revise

revive

revoke

revolve

rhinoceros

rice

rich

rich

riddle

ridge

ridiculous

rift

rigid

rigor

rigorous

rim

riot

ripe

risk

rite

rival

rival

roam

robust

rodent

role

role

roll

romantic

root

rosette

rot

rotate

rotten

rotten

rough

rough

rounghly

routine

rubbish

ruby

rudimentary

rugged

ruins

rumble

rumble

ruminate

rupture

rust

rustic

rustic

ruthless

rye

sacred

saddle

safeguard

sake

salinity

salvage

sample

sane

sanitation

sanity

sarcasm

sarcastic

sardonic

satiate

satire

satirical

satirist

satisfactory

saturate

saturate

Saturn

save

save

savings

savor

scale

scale

scale

scale

scan

scandal

scanty

scarce

scare

scatter

scavenger

scenery

scenic

schedule

scholarship

scoop

scoop

scope

scorch

scorch

score

scornful

scout

scout

scrap

scrap

scratch

screen

screen

scruple

scrupulous

scrutinize

sculptor

sculpture

sear

seasoning

secluded

seclusion

secrete

secretion

sedate

sediment

sediment

seedbed

seeds

seek

seemingly

segment

segregate

seism

seismic

seismology

seize

selection

selfish

semester

semiconductor

Senate

sensible

sensible

sensitive

sensuous

sentimental

sentimental

sequence

sequoia

serene

serene

serenity

serious

serious

sermon

sesame

session

session

set

set

sever

severe

sewage

shabby

shackle

shade

shade

shaft

shake

shallow

shameless

sharp

sharp

sharpen

sharpen

shatter

sheathe

sheepfold

sheer

shell

shield

shift

shipment

shoot

shortcut

shove

shovel

show

shower

shrewd

shrimp

shrimp

shrink

shrub

shrub

shuffle

shun

shy

sick

sicken

sickle

siege

sigh

significant

signify

silica

silicon

silly

silt

silver

similar

simulate

simultaneously

sin

singe

sinister

site

skeptic

skeptical

sketch

skillful

skim

skimpy

skimpy

skull

slacken

slag

slander

slant

slap

slender

slight

slim

slippery

slogan

slope

sloppy

sloppy

sloth

slothful

slovenly

slovenly

slug

sluggish

slump

sly

sly

smart

smash

smear

smear

smell

smog

smother

snag

snap

sneak

sneer

snobbish

sober

sober

sociable

sodium

sojourn

solar

sole

sole

sole

solemn

solicit

solicit

solicitous

solidly

solitary

solitude

solubility

solution

solvent

somewhat

sonar

soothe

sorghum

source

souvenir

sovereignty

sow

soybean

space

spacecraft

spaceman

spaceship

spacious

spade

span

spare

sparsely

spawn

species

specify

specimen

spectacle

spectacular

spectator

spectrum

speculate

speedy

spew

sphere

spin

spinach

spine

spineless

spineless

spiritual

splash

spleen

splendid

splendor

spoil

sponge

spontaneous

sporadic

spot

spot

spot

spouse

spout

sprawl

sprawl

spray

spring

spring

sprout

spur

spur

spurt

squabble

squad

squander

square

squash

squash

squeak

squeeze

squirt

stab

stable

staff

stagger

stagger

stale

stalk

stalk

stalk

stall

stamina

stand

standard

star

starch

starfish

startle

starve

static

statics

stationary

stationery

statistics

statistics

statue

status

status

steadfast

steadily

steady

stellar

stem

sterile

sterile

stern

stick

stick

sticky

stiff

still

stimulate

stingy

stingy

stink

stipulate

stocky

stodgy

stodgy

stodgy

stoically

stoically

storage

stout

stout

strain

strain

strait

strait

strap

stratum

stray

strengthen

strenuous

stretch

stride

strife

strike

strike

striking

string

stringent

strip

strip

strive

stroll

struggle

stubborn

stuffy

stun

stunt

stunt

sturdy

subjection

subjection

sublimate

submerge

submission

submissive

submit

submit

suborder

subordinate

subsequent

subsidiary

subsist

substance

substantial

substantiate

substantiate

substantive

substitute

subterrane

subterranean

subtract

subtraction

subvert

successful

successive

succinct

succumb

sudject

sufficient

suffuse

suggest

suit

suit

suitable

sulfur

sullen

sum

sum

sum

summit

summon

superb

super

superficial

superintendent

supersede

superstition

supplant

supple

suppose

supreme

surmise

surmount

surpass

surplus

survey

survive

susceptible

suspect

suspense

suspicious

sustain

sustain

sustenance

sustenance

swarm

sway

sway

swell

swift

symbiosis

symbiotic

symbol

symbolic

symmetry

sympathetic

symptom

synchronize

synopsis

synthetic

system

taboo

tacit

tackle

tact

tactics

tag

talent

tally

tamper

tangible

tangle

tantalize

tardy

tariff

tarnish

task

taste

taunt

tease

tease

tedious

teem

telescope

temper

temperament

temperance

temperate

temperate

temperature

tempest

temporary

tempt

tenacious

tenant

tend

tendency

tender

tender

tenor

tense

tense

tentacle

tentative

tentative

tenuous

tepid

term

term

term

terminate

terrain

terrestrial

terrify

territory

terror

testify

textile

thaw

theft

theoretical

therefore

thermodynamics

thermometer

thesis

threaten

threshold

thrift

thrive

throng

thrust

thump

tide

tide

tilted

timber

times

timid

tin

tingle

tingle

tint

tiny

tip

tip

tissue

titanic

toe

tolerable

tolerate

toll

toll

tomato

tool

topography

torment

torment

tornado

torpid

torturous

total

touching

touchy

tough

tow

tower

tower

trace

tractable

tractor

tragedy

trait

traitor

trample

tranquil

transact

transaction

transcend

transcript

transfix

transform

transform

transient

transition

transitory

transparent

transpire

transpire

trap

trapper

trash

traverse

traverse

treason

treasurer

treatment

tremble

tremendous

tremor

tremor

trend

trepidation

trial

trial

triangle

tribe

trickle

trifling

triumph

trivial

tropical

tropics

troposphere

trot

trough

trudge

truly

trunk

trying

tug

tug

turbulent

turmoil

turtle

twig

twinkle

typhoon

typical

ultimate

ultrasonics

ultraviolet

unanimity

unanimous

unbecoming

unbiased

unblemished

uncanny

unconscious

unconventional

unconventional

undaunted

underestimate

undergo

undertaking

undo

undoubtedly

unearth

unfair

unfortunately

uniform

unionization

unique

universal

universal

universe

universe

unquenchable

unruly

unruly

unseemly

unshaken

unstable

unveil

unveil

uphold

upright

upright

uprising

uproar

uproar

upset

Uranus

urban

urge

urge

urgent

useless

usually

utility

utilize

utterly

vacant

vacuum

vague

valiant

valid

valid

valley

valor

vanish

vanity

vanquish

vapor

variable

variant

variant

variation

various

varnish

vary

vast

vault

veer

vegetable

vehemence

vehement

vein

vein

velocity

venerate

ventilation

venture

Venus

verdict

verify

versatile

versatile

verse

version

vertebrate

vertical

vessel

vestige

veteran

veto

vex

via

vibration

vigilant

vigor

vigorous

vindicate

violate

violation

violent

virtually

virtue

virtuous

vital

vital

vitamin

vivid

vocation

vogue

void

volcanic

volcano

volume

vote

waste

wavelength

weed

weird

welfare

whale

wheat

whirlwind

wihter

wind

wing

worm

yen

yen

zealot

zealous

zest

zigzag

zinc

zone

附录二　阅读必备重要词组

此附录收录了历届TOEFL考试阅读部分出现的重要词组，第一部分的词组对于理解文章非常重要，第二部分的词组作为词汇题出现于近期TOEFL考试和国外模考试题中。这两部分词组都应该熟练掌握。

第一部分　TOEFL阅读文章必备词汇

against the grain

逆着潮流，格格不入

accuse sb. of doing

控告某人做某事

all but

1．（后接动词）adv. 几乎（almost）

2．（后接名词）prep. 除了…都（all except）

as...go

像普通的…一样；如…所言

at large

一般的

（例）the public at large社会大众

attach to...

把…放在；对…赋予

（例）attach importance to the matter

be accustomed to

习惯于…

be applied to

被用于…

be at home in

熟悉

be committed to

致力于

by no means

决不

by one's own right

by oneself

can't help but

不得不，不能不

cast off

抛弃

cater to

满足…的需要；迎合

cling to

遵守；坚持

cope with

处理（take care of, deal with, handle）

correspond to

与…相应

dedicate oneself to

致力于

deprive of

剥夺

dispose of

处理，处置

every walk of life

各行各业

fall into

陷入，进入

first rank

一流的

follow one's lead

听某人的话，效法某人

from one's standpoint

从某人的立场

from one's point of view

从某人的观点

get rid of

消除

get...in tune

使…和谐

give way to

让步于

graze on

（牛羊等）吃（草）

have...in common

有共性，有共同点

hold back

阻止

in addition to

除…外

in advance

预先

in favor of

倾向于

in harmony with

与…协调一致

in high gear

高速地

in one's own right

by oneself

in significant measure

在很大程度上

in so far as

在…的范围内；就…而言

in the strictest sense

在最严格的意义上

jibe with

与…一致

keep abreast with

跟上（keep up with）

make a tribute to

对…做贡献，对…有意义

make an impact on

对…产生影响

make one's way to

转向

make way for

让步于

notwithstanding

虽然，尽管（however）

on the whole

总体上

only that...

因为（because）

per capita

人均

pick up

拣起；沿着…

play a part in

在…中扮演角色；在…中起作用

preside over

管理，监控

prior to

在…前

provided with

提供…

put an end to

结束

regardless of

不管，不顾

short of

1．差点，几乎

2．prep. 除了（except）

shoot up

迅速成长，增长

subject to

取决于…；受…控制

subsist on

依靠

take advantage of

利用

take on

呈现（例）The city takes on a new look.

承担（例）He has to take on extra work.

take sth. for granted

想当然认为…

tip the scale at

称重…，体重…

to the extreme

达到极点

to the point of

到…的程度

to the extent of

到…的程度

up to

达到（as many as）

usher in

带来，开始

wipe out

消除

with respect to

考虑到

第二部分　TOEFL阅读部分考核词组

account for

ahead of

as a result of

as a substitute for

as well as

attribute to

be fraught with

break apart

break out

break up

bring about

by-product

call for

call off

cling to

come down with

come through

come to

come up with

count on

couple with

deal with

devote to

dispose of

dissent from

do away with

draw from

drive out of

dwindle away

explain

in front of, preceding

because of

in place of

in addition of

testify as

full of, charge with

split

begin

separate

produce, cause, introduce

derivative

require

cancel

hold fast to, stick to

contract

be written（特定上下文中有此含义）

regain consciousness

propose

rely on, trust

in addition to

concern, cope

dedicate, specialize in

get rid of

disagree with

get rid of

take from

force out of

eventually disappear

easily moved

excel in

extract from

feed up

figure out

from time to time

get along

get over

get rid of

give in

give out

hand in

hand out

hold up

look after

look over

make do with

make up

make up for

on the outskirts

on the wane

on the whole

outlet for

pertain to

plague with

put up with

rather than

put off

put up

run out

set off

portable

be outstanding in

remove from

disgust; eat

solve

occasionally

manage

recover from

discard, eliminate

yield to

announce

submit

distribute

withstand

care for

inspect

replace（特定上下文中有此含义）

constitute

compensate for

at the edges

dwindling

generally

release from

associate with, relate to

afflict by

tolerate

instead of

postpone

supply

become depleted

begin

set up

sit on

stand against

stretch across

subterranean

take down

take after

take for

take in

take into account

take off

take on

turn down

turn into

up to

wear away

wear out

with respect to

arrange, establish

serve on

defiance of

span

underground

record

resemble

confuse sb with

deceive

consider

depart

assume

reject

become

a maximum of, as many as

erode

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with regard to

附录三　托福经典400题

1. Honey guides, or indicator birds, collaborate with honey badgers in seeking out bee colonies.

（A）work together

（B）travel north

（C）live

（D）compete

2. Diffusion is the spontaneous spreading of matter caused by the random movement of molecules.

（A）patternless

（B）whirling

（C）constant

（D）rampant

3. The attack on Fort Sumter near Charleston provoked a sharp response from the North, which led to the American Civil War.

（A）demanded

（B）elicited

（C）expedited

（D）defied

4. The amenities of civilization are left behind when an individual embarks on a camping trip in a remote area.

（A）activities

（B）rules

（C）comforts

（D）signs

5. Parsley is cultivated throughout much of the world.

（A）seen

（B）grown

（C）dried

（D）cooked

6. A ford is a place where it is possible to cross a creek or river.

（A）trench

（B）gorge

（C）ravine

（D）stream

7. Grandma Moses, a popular painter, spent her life in a tranquil little farming community.

（A）lovely

（B）serene

（C）isolated

（D）snobbish

8. The works of novelist Joyce Carol Oates are moving chronicles of contemporary life in the United States.

（A）simultaneous

（B）controversial

（C）modern

（D）temperate

9. The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successful tissue transplantation.

（A）factor in

（B）impediment to

（C）occurrence in

（D）phenomenon of

10. Hypnotized individuals can be induced to act bizarrely.

（A）in harmful ways

（B）against their wills

（C）oddly

（D）emotionally

11. When telephone calls are tansmitted by satellite, a dim echo can often be heard on the line.

（A）weak

（B）static

（C）harsh

（D）deep

12. In North America, the first canoes were constructed from logs and propelled by means of wooden paddles.

（A）carved

（B）docked

（C）driven forward

（D）carried upright

13. W.C. Handy, the renowned composer and musician, was known as the "father of the blues."

（A）kindly

（B）noble

（C）famous

（D）dashing

14. It is now common for physically disabled individuals to receive the bulk of their education in regular school programs.

（A）majority

（B）assignments

（C）texts

（D）rest

15. The nests of most finches are constructed sloppily.

（A）elaborately

（B）messily

（C）characteristically

（D）annually

16. Large areas of Alaskan land remain desolate due to harsh climate.

（A）inaccessible

（B）immature

（C）parched

（D）barren

17. The comic routines of Stan Laurel and Oliver Hardy involved pantomime and a novel use of props.

（A）an original

（B）an appropriate

（C）a literal

（D）a funny

18. Subterranean streams have cut through limestone to form miles of passage and caves, such as Kentucky's Mammoth Cave.

（A）Secondary

（B）Underground

（C）Unharnessed

（D）Miniscule

19. Salesmanship is the ability to sway people to willingly buy products or support new ideas.

（A）educate

（B）expect

（C）allow

（D）persuade

20. The fire dance is the climax of the ceremony of the Navajo night chants.

（A）addition to

（B）high point in

（C）substitute for

（D）beginning of

21. A fossil is a remnant of a once-living organism.

（A）bone

（B）solvent

（C）picture

（D）vestige

22. If stored while wet, hay may build up heat and ignite spontaneously.

（A）sprout

（B）catch fire

（C）release gases

（D）spoil

23. It was not poverty, but rather a concern for simplicity that kept Puritan churches unadorned.

（A）theology

（B）hunger for power

（C）frontier conditions

（D）lack of money

24. Strict sanitary procedures help to forestall outbreaks of disease.

（A）prevent

（B）control

（C）minimize

（D）preview

25. Deceptive labeling of certain types of merchandise is not all owed under the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906.

（A）Alarming

（B）Misleading

（C）Extravagant

（D）Tasteless

26. When planting shrubbery, it is advisable to tamp the dirt around the roots after covering them.

（A）water

（B）fertilize

（C）pack down

（D）tamper with

27. Alexander Woollcott's flamboyant personality combined sharpness of wit with sentimentality.

（A）devious

（B）humorous

（C）singular

（D）showy

28. In terms of precipitation, ten inches of snow is the equivalent of an inch of rain.

（A）the symbol of

（B）the same as

（C）the product of

（D）as thick as

29. After many years of unsuccessfully endeavoring to form his own orchestra, Glenn Miller finally achieved world fame in 1939 as a big band leader.

（A）requesting

（B）trying

（C）offering

（D）deciding

30. The manic-depressive usually fluctuates between great excitement and deep depression.

（A）recovers

（B）falls

（C）improves

（D）alternates

31. In the Navejob household, grandparents and other relatives play indispensable roles in raising children.

（A）dominant

（B）exemplary

（C）essential

（D）demanding

32. Laser beams can be used to bore metals and other hard materials.

（A）trim

（B）melt

（C）drill

（D）slice

33. The concept of upward social mobility has been an abiding feature of American life.

（A）enduring

（B）unaffected

（C）intriguing

（D）observable

34. When squashed the stem and leaves of the jewelweed exude a juice that will soothe some skin irritations.

（A）boiled

（B）aged

（C）crushed

（D）chopped

35. The Coriolis force causes all moving projectiles on Earth to be deflected from a straight line.

（A）sprung

（B）deviated

（C）be retracted

（D）be conceived

36. The legislative filibuster is a parliamentary tactic designed to delay or prevent action by the majority.

（A）tradition

（B）rule

（C）observance

（D）maneuver

37. Because of its old mannerisms, the praying mantis has always intrigued human beings.

（A）af scinated

（B）aggravated

（C）offended

（D）terrified

38. Hundreds of years ago cloves were used to remedy headaches.

（A）disrupt

（B）diagnose

（C）evaporate

（D）cure

39. Ocean waves can cut imposing cliffs along coastlines.

（A）immobile

（B）impermeable

（C）impressive

（D）imaginative

40. Neon light is utilized in airport beacons because it can permeate fog.

（A）pass through

（B）transmit

（C）suspend

（D）break up

41. A computer will always follow the same sequence when solving a problem, no matter how complicated that problem may be.

（A）imprint

（B）definition

（C）progression

（D）ordinance

42. Weight lifting is the gymnastic sport of lifting weights in a prescribed manner.

（A）vigorous

（B）popular

（C）certain

（D）careful

43. A number of the Mikasuki Indians still reside on their reservation in northern Florida.

（A）work on

（B）visit

（C）live on

（D）protect

44. The lilac flower has a unique odor.

（A）scent

（B）tint

（C）shape

（D）size

45. An allergy is an adverse reaction of the body to certain substances.

（A）a natural

（B）a negative

（C）a routine

（D）a selective

46. Tax rebates can have far reaching effects on the economy.

（A）accountants

（B）laws

（C）refunds

（D）credits

47. Arizona's rapid population growth and wealth spurred the movement for statehood at the end of the nineteenth century.

（A）stimulated

（B）financed

（C）spanned

（D）disrupted

48. Mergers may be effected to revive or rejuvenate failing businesses by the infusion of new management and personnel.

（A）inspection

（B）introduction

（C）evaluation

（D）concentration

49. A fable is a didactic tale focused on a single character trait.

（A）an authentic

（B）a muddled

（C）an instructive

（D）an old-fashioned

50. Biologists have ascertained that specialized cells convert chemical energy into mechanical energy.

（A）determined

（B）argued

（C）pretended

（D）hypothesized

51. In mathematics the term "solid" describes a geometric figure with three dimensions.

（A）angle

（B）shape

（C）triangle

（D）equation

52. Shellac varnish is purified lac that is secreted by scale insects.

（A）refined

（B）starchy

（C）resilient

（D）virtuous

53. The role of the performing artist is to interpret, not alter, the notes on a printed sheet of music.

（A）omit

（B）reproduce

（C）compose

（D）change

54. Modern printing equipment quickly turns out duplicate copies of textual and pictorial matter.

（A）identical

（B）excessive

（C）illustrated

（D）legible

55. After reading Philip Morrison's paper on gamma-ray astronomy in 1959, a fellow physicist was prompted to ask, "Wouldn't using gamma rays be a good way to communicate across the galaxy?"

（A）petitioned

（B）cautioned

（C）motivated

（D）requested

56. During the rainy season the Mississippi River may carry away hundreds of acres of valuable topsoil from one area and arbitrarily deposit it in another.

（A）subsequently

（B）lawfully

（C）mercilessly

（D）randomly

57. Teachers of young children should scrupulously avoid ridicule and sarcasm.

（A）theoretically

（B）naively

（C）diligently

（D）confidently

58. Ice can be used to keep food from spoiling.

（A）rotting

（B）aging

（C）toughening

（D）evaporating

59. An expert in any field may be defined as a person who possesses specialized skills and is capable of rendering very competent services.

（A）obtaining

（B）mastering

（C）providing

（D）financing

60. Plays that entail direct interaction between actor and audience present no unusual difficulties for actors.

（A）advocate

（B）involve

（C）elicit

（D）exaggerate

61. The issue of loose construction versus strict construction of the United Stats Constitution contributed te the emergence of political parties.

（A）joining

（B）urgency

（C）appearance

（D）activity

62. Some critics have praised James Michener's epic novels for their facts but deplored their characterization.

（A）emulated

（B）ridiculed

（C）complimented

（D）lamented

63. Materials such as clay, wax, glass, and rubber are widely used in industry today because they are malleable.

（A）easy to manufacture

（B）readily available

（C）pliable

（D）buoyant

64. Starfish, five-armed sea creatures, creep across coral reefs by using suckers on the bottom of their arms.

（A）dig deeply

（B）move slowly

（C）dive

（D）jump

65. Repeated burning of any vegetation cover alters its composition and hence its contribution to soil development.

（A）in conclusion

（B）as a result

（C）otherwise

（D）by comparison

66. Woodrow Wilson endeavored to preserve world peace by supporting the establishment of an organization to settle international disputes.

（A）tried

（B）needed

（C）decided

（D）neglected

67. The Group of Seven, a clique of Canadian artists painting at the turn of the century, has been credited with arousing a widespread awareness of Canada's rugged landscape.

（A）stimulating

（B）prolonging

（C）glorifying

（D）politicizing

68. Comets are still regarded with awe by some people.

（A）wonder

（B）concern

（C）resentment

（D）detachment

69. The Badlands National Park was established in South Dakota to preserve this weirdly beautiful region.

（A）truly

（B）strangely

（C）exceedingly

（D）impressively

70. In 1925 Clarence Darrow competently opposed William Jennings Bryan at the renowned Scopes "Monkey Trial."

（A）adeptly

（B）maliciously

（C）privately

（D）rashly

71. In the book Autobiography of Values, the aviation hero Charles Lindbergh reveals his paradoxical and often sobering thoughts on life.

（A）contradictory

（B）poignant

（C）mystic

（D）paramount

72. Proteins are composed of more than twenty amino acids that are liberated during digestion.

（A）congregated

（B）multiplied

（C）freed

（D）conscripted

73. An electric arc is a luminous current of electricity that leaps from one electrode to another.

（A）ludicrous

（B）glowing

（C）magnetic

（D）flickering

74. After its founding, the United States government followed a policy explicitly designed to aid national shipping.

（A）prematurely

（B）economically

（C）specifically

（D）proudly

75. In many societies the person who fails to conform to conventional behavior is likely to be shunned by others.

（A）preserved

（B）instructed

（C）avoided

（D）selected

76. Accountants record all information pertaining to the economic aspects of an organization's activities.

（A）submitted to

（B）associated with

（C）limiting

（D）taxing

77. Willa Cather procured the inspiration for her fictional characters from the Nebraskan farmers among whom she was raised.

（A）endorsed

（B）deposed

（C）elevated

（D）obtained

78. The compact dictionaries published in recent years are not as unwieldy as some of the older editions.

（A）complete

（B）tiresome

（C）reliable

（D）cumbersome

79. Molly Brown was labeled "unsinkable" after she helped to evacuate passengers from the ill-fated ship the Titanic.

（A）anticipate

（B）comfort

（C）remove

（D）shelter

80. It is seldom acceptable to abbreviate words in formal writing.

（A）omit

（B）explain

（C）invent

（D）shorten

81. Ella Grasso, elected governor of Connecticut in 1974, supported the enactment of a freedom-of-information law.

（A）passing

（B）advocates

（C）drafting

（D）circulation

82. Eyespots, the most rudimentary eyes, are found in protozoan flagellates, flatworms, and segmented worms.

（A）hostile-looking

（B）perceptive

（C）primitive

（D）strangely formed

83. Some children display an unquenchable curiosity about every new thing they encounter.

（A）insatiable

（B）inherent

（C）indiscriminate

（D）incredible

84. In autumn chipmunks fill their expansive cheek pouches with food that they carry away to store for the harsh winter ahead.

（A）cozy

（B）severe

（C）lonely

（D）dry

85. Ocean-going vessels have often used flags to indicate their national allegiance.

（A）loyalty

（B）destination

（C）cargo

（D）allowance

86. The action in James Baldwin's novel Go Tell It on the Mountain spans two days in the lives of several members of a strict religious sect.

（A）comments on

（B）predicts

（C）begins with

（D）covers

87. Although many people had long regarded the "Star-Spangled Banner" as the national anthem, it was not officially designated as such until 1916.

（A）symbol

（B）hero

（C）motto

（D）song

88. Amrlia Earhart was the first woman to make a solo flight across the Atlantic.

（A）a noteworthy

（B）a speedy

（C）an unaccompanied

（D）an uninterrupted

89. The city of Winston-Salem, North Carolina, received its name in 1913, when the adjoining towns of Winston and Salem were combined.

（A）separate

（B）neighboring

（C）colonial

（D）competing

90. The metric system did not develop haphazardly, but was deliberately constructed.

（A）readily

（B）purposely

（C）correctly

（D）wholly

91. Because it symbolized strength, the oak was traditionally worshiped and had numerous mythological associations.

（A）bought

（B）transported

（C）engraved

（D）revered

92. Modern nursing practices not only hasten the recovery of the sick but also promote better health through preventive medicine.

（A）permit

（B）determine

（C）accelerate

（D）accompany

93. Ships passing on the high seas exchange salutes by lowering and raising their flags once.

（A）information

（B）ceremonies

（C）greetings

（D）privileges

94. Diamonds that are flawed or are too small for jewelry are used to cut very hard metals.

（A）tiny

（B）imperfect

（C）lustrous

（D）crude

95. Leaves are not distributed haphazardly on a plant stem, but are arranged in a very precise way that assures them the maximum light.

（A）dangerously

（B）densely

（C）randomly

（D）linearly

96. In the United States, the provisions of the constitution of any state may not conflict with those of the federal Constitution.

（A）stipulations

（B）interrelations

（C）jurisdictions

（D）interpretations

97. James Polk, the eleventh President of the United States, resolutely refused to be nominated for a second term.

（A）surprisingly

（B）firmly

（C）regrettably

（D）angrily

98. When menaced by a predator in close proximity, a snake may suddenly alter its behavior.

（A）threatened

（B）bitten

（C）wounded

（D）trapped

99. In 1963 Maria Mayer was awarded the Nobel Prize in physics of her findings on the constituents of the atomic nucleus.

（A）discovery

（B）dimensions

（C）components

（D）connotations

100. One of the responsibilities of the Coast Guard is to make sure that all ships obediently follow traffic rules in busy harbors.

（A）skillfully

（B）safely

（C）dutifully

（D）currently

101. Spearmint oil is distilled for flavoring chewing gum and candy and used as a disguise for disagreeable tastes in medicines.

（A）unfortunate

（B）distinctive

（C）unpleasant

（D）multiple

102. Ravaged by pollution and war, many famous monuments have become eroded and stained.

（A）discolored

（B）dismembered

（C）discredited

（D）displaced

103. When the United States stock market fell in 1929, many stockholders were forced to sell their shares at ludicrously low prices.

（A）predictably

（B）relatively

（C）suspiciously

（D）ridiculously

104. Plants without leaves, such as algae and fungi, are the first forms of life to grow back after a natural catastrophe.

（A）disaster

（B）event

（C）phenomenon

（D）explosion

105. North American fur trade waned in the early 1800's mainly due to the diminishing number of fur-bearing animals.

（A）staggered

（B）ceased

（C）declined

（D）collapsed

106. When required by their parents to eat spinach and other green vegetables, many children only do so reluctantly.

（A）imitatively

（B）impatiently

（C）unwillingly

（D）unknowingly

107. A goose hisses when it charges its adversaries.

（A）comes across

（B）communicates with

（C）attacks

（D）eats

108. Certain colors when incorporated into the decor of a room can produce a cozy atmosphere.

（A）light

（B）roomy

（C）cluttered

（D）comfortable

109. Apple trees need moisture in order to thrive.

（A）flower

（B）flourish

（C）pollinate

（D）bend

110. The first important exposition in the United States was held in Philadelphia in 1876.

（A）exhibition

（B）excursion

（C）concert

（D）contest

111. In Washington Irving's tale "Rip Van Winkle," the main character encounters some odd-looking people dwelling in the caves of the Catskill Mountains.

（A）living

（B）working

（C）dancing

（D）sleeping

112. While Billie Holiday did not invent the music called "the blues", she most assuredly helped popularize it.

（A）finally

（B）certainly

（C）earnestly

（D）enthusiastically

113. In the northeastern United States, it rains intermittently throughout the spring.

（A）steadily

（B）abundantly

（C）periodically

（D）daily

114. One-room schoolhouses can still be found in isolated areas of North America where there are no other school for many miles.

（A）bare

（B）deprived

（C）remote

（D）developed

115. The use of barbed-wire fencing by farmers in the nineteenth century infuriated cattle ranchers, whose herds were often injured after becoming entangled in the sharp spikes.

（A）puzzled

（B）enraged

（C）concerned

（D）amazed

116. Most plants depend upon their roots to anchor themselves in the soil and to absorb water and inorganic chemicals.

（A）secure

（B）reproduce

（C）moisten

（D）distribute

117. In the United States there are more people who are obese today than twenty years ago.

（A）gainfully employed

（B）upwardly mobile

（C）excessively overweight

（D）privately educated

118. Anthropologist Barbara Myerhoff furthered her reputation as an authority on Native American culture with her study of the symbols, myths, and rituals of the Huichols.

（A）deserved

（B）retained

（C）renewed

（D）advanced

119. In 1795 John Jay resigned his position as the first chief justice of the United States and became a state governor.

（A）advertised

（B）gave up

（C）took over

（D）rearranged

120. Most tachometers measure the speed of rotation of a spinning shaft or wheel in terms of revolutions per minute.

（A）pumping

（B）wavering

（C）floating

（D）whirling

121. Almost insolvable in water, quinine dissolves readily in alcohol.

（A）easily

（B）partly

（C）frequently

（D）violently

122. The American Medical Association has called for the sport of boxing to be banned.

（A）forbidden

（B）regulated

（C）studied

（D）reorganized

123. Before the advent of synthetic fibers, people had to rely entirely on natural products for making fabrics.

（A）modern

（B）flexible

（C）colored

（D）artificial

124. The difference between the polar and equatorial diameters of Mars has not been unequivocally determined.

（A）easily

（B）definitely

（C）conventionally

（D）arithmetically

125. The western slopes of the mountains of the Sierra Nevada Range are deeply incised by numerous streams.

（A）fed

（B）cut

（C）flooded

（D）distended

126. As a result of his pioneering work with Louis Armstrong in the late 1920's Earl Hines has been called the father of modern jazz piano.

（A）professional

（B）artistic

（C）excellent

（D）original

127. The significance of magazines among contemporary media is sometimes grossly underestimated because of television's seeming dominance.

（A）greatly

（B）easily

（C）possibly

（D）graphically

128. A former state senator who preached judicial restraint, Sandra Day O'Connor was expected to align herself with conservative when she was appointed to the United States Supreme Court.

（A）advocated

（B）questioned

（C）practiced

（D）admired

129. Important features of dehydrated foods are their lightness in weight and their compactness.

（A）frozen

（B）dried

（C）organic

（D）healthful

130. Nagara Falls is a great tourist attractions, luring millions of visitors each year.

（A）serving

（B）attracting

（C）entertaining

（D）receiving

131. For many adolescents, participation in sports is one way that they can feel true self esteem.

（A）loyalty

（B）liberty

（C）selfishness

（D）pride

132. In Mississippi many individuals of Acadian descent, called Cajuns, still maintain a separate folk culture.

（A）doctrine

（B）language

（C）ancestry

（D）citizenship

133. Automatons are mechanical objects that become relatively self-operating once they have been actuated.

（A）timed

（B）constructed

（C）cleaned up

（D）set in motion

134. South Carolina's mineral resources are abundant, but not all of them can be lucratively mined.

（A）profitably

（B）safely

（C）easily

（D）extensively

135. Within the bounds of given data, the biographer seeks to illuminate factual information about a person and transform it into insight.

（A）constraints

（B）archives

（C）networks

（D）goals

136. The most important crop in Alberta Canada is winter wheat which is planted in late summer and is ripe for harvesting by late spring.

（A）ready

（B）intended

（C）selected

（D）sold

137. Records indicate that the tortoise can live longer than any other animal with a spine.

（A）tail

（B）mouth

（C）shell

（D）backbone

138. Tennessee possesses many caverns with gorgeous rock formations.

（A）beautiful

（B）large

（C）significant

（D）flat

139. Fossils are the traces of plants and animals of past geological ages that have been preserved in the Earth's crust.

（A）registers

（B）residue

（C）profusion

（D）precursors

140. Louisa May Alcott's novel Little Women, which recounts the experiences of the four March sisters during the American Civil War, is largely autobiographical.

（A）praises

（B）narrates

（C）exaggerates

（D）classifies

141. The Weddell seal of Antarctica can dive to a depth of about 1,000 feet and remain submerged for as long as an hour and ten minutes.

（A）underwater

（B）fearless

（C）unconscious

（D）breathless

142. The disappearance of lichens from an area gives warning of an endangered environment.

（A）an unusual

（B）a threatened

（C）a crowded

（D）an infertile

143. Bladder wrack, a tough, leathery brown seaweed, clings to rocks tenaciously.

（A）grows under

（B）hides under

（C）sticks to

（D）yields to

144. In Ship of Fools, the vices and follies of a group of passengers are ruthlessly exposed as the narrative and the ship flow to their destination.

（A）mercilessly

（B）clearly

（C）artfully

（D）gradually

145. Light from the Sun and distant stars traverses a vacuum in space.

（A）fills

（B）creates

（C）surrounds

（D）crosses

146. Seminal contributions to science are those that change the tenor of the questions asked by succeeding generations.

（A）nature

（B）results

（C）intonation

（D）punctuation

147. When natural gas burns, the hydrocarbon molecules break up into atoms of carbon and hydrogen.

（A）contract

（B）vaporize

（C）collide

（D）separate

148. For one to two years before Election Day, a candidate for the presidency of the United States travels extensively around the country debating national and international issues.

（A）widely

（B）energetically

（C）rapidly

（D）progressively

149. The initial appearance of the silver three-cent piece coincided with the first issue of three-cent stamps in 1851.

（A）occurred at the same time as

（B）collided with

（C）was necessitated by

（D）was similar to

150. Abrasives are sharp, hard materials used to wear away the surface of softer, less resistant materials.

（A）add roughness to

（B）fortify

（C）erode

（D）provide a gloss on

151. In Silent Spring, Rachel Carson forcefully decried the indiscriminate use of pesticides.

（A）haphazard

（B）unpleasant

（C）regional

（D）periodic

152. Myths have inspired many of the world's greatest poets, artists, musicians, and scientists.

（A）contradicted the ideas of

（B）fired the imagination of

（C）overwhelmed

（D）comforted

153. Many farms in the southern United States yield hay and tobacco.

（A）store

（B）fertilize

（C）sow

（D）produce

154. John Adams, one of the American Revolution's most devoted patriots, was the lawyer who successfully defended the British soldiers charged with murder after the Boston Massacre.

（A）daring

（B）puzzling

（C）dedicated

（D）persuasive

155. The ruby is the hardest of all gems save the diamond.

（A）connected to

（B）like

（C）superior to

（D）except

156. Some cells, such as epithelia, proliferate more rapidly when the body is asleep than when it is awake.

（A）cluster

（B）multiply

（C）adapt

（D）heal

157. According to a United States law passed in 1986, states participating in daylight saving time simultaneously advance their clocks one hour in the last Sunday in April.

（A）conceptually

（B）systematically

（C）at the same time

（D）for a brief period

158. The octopus has three hearts that pump blood through its body.

（A）drive

（B）filter

（C）dilute

（D）aerate

159. The inhabitants of Jamestown, the first permanent English colony in America, nearly starved because they had squandered their provisions.

（A）buried

（B）wasted

（C）lost

（D）sold

160. For some animals, locomotion is accomplished by changes in body shape.

（A）evolution

（B）movement

（C）survival

（D）escape

161. Social reformer Jacob Riis's efforts to improve the rundown neighborhoods of New York City were aided by his intimate friend, Theodore Roosevelt.

（A）close

（B）wealthy

（C）influential

（D）charismatic

162. The skunk protects itself from enemies by spraying them with a substance that stinks.

（A）stings the eyes

（B）smells bad

（C）causes itching

（D）discolors the skin

163. Although plagued with injuries, Sabrina Mar won the All-Around Championship in Gymnastics at the 1987 Pan-American Games.

（A）recovering from

（B）afflicted by

（C）fighting off

（D）frightened of

164. The first water mill was horizontal and resembled a rudimentary turbine.

（A）a flat

（B）a rusty

（C）an unconventional

（D）an unsophisticated

165. The best olive oil is obtained from olives that are harvested just after they ripen and before they turn black.

（A）preserved

（B）squeezed

（C）gathered

（D）sorted

166. In astronomy, a scale of magnitude from one to six denotes brightness of a star.

（A）signifies

（B）predicts

（C）contrasts

（D）examines

167. Many people who want warm coats can buy fake furs.

（A）costly

（B）soft

（C）heavy

（D）imitation

168. Humus is decayed organic matter that is an important type of fertile soil.

（A）derived

（B）compacted

（C）decomposed

（D）liquefied

169. Forests are delicate systems that, if disturbed, can be permanently destroyed.

（A）fragile

（B）expansive

（C）complex

（D）unusual

170. In modern writing, the destination between literary expression and colloquial expression is often blurred.

（A）exaggerated

（B）reversed

（C）indistinct

（D）unintentional

171. Recent discoveries in Montana indicate that some dinosaurs may have resided in colonies.

（A）lived

（B）died

（C）hunted

（D）fed

172. Asbestos is a mineral fiber that can cause cancer if inhaled.

（A）picked up

（B）taken indoors

（C）breathed in

（D）eaten up

173. Logrolling is a sport in which contestants perform various maneuvers while treading on a floating log.

（A）speeches

（B）duties

（C）marches

（D）moves

174. H L Mencken's sardonic prose left an indelible mark on the English Language.

（A）an unrivaled

（B）an unmistakable

（C）a pretentious

（D）a permanent

175. The school of Abstract Expressionism, developed during the mid-1940's represented a distinct departure from artistic realism.

（A）definite

（B）brief

（C）logical

（D）dangerous

176. By providing legal representations, the American Civil Liberties Union works to defend citizens against breaches of their civil rights.

（A）branches

（B）exercises

（C）perusals

（D）violations

177. Colonists brought the game of bowling to North America and it became so popular that several towns still bear the name of Bowling Green.

（A）suggest

（B）desire

（C）honor

（D）carry

178. The most typical feature of the Moon's surface is its profusion of craters the largest of which are more than one hundred miles in diameter.

（A）abundance

（B）type

（C）tolerance

（D）circle

179. In the street portraits of photographer Diane Arbus, a seemingly straight forward investigation of the art became an intense, introspective analysis of both subject and viewer.

（A）an apparently

（B）an obviously

（C）a relatively

（D）a mostly

180. The Mandan Indians lived beside the Missouri River where they cultivated fields of beans, corn, squash, sunflowers, and tobacco.

（A）surveyed

（B）farmed

（C）irrigated

（D）discovered

181. George Gershwin was the first American musician whose jazz compositions were seriously appreciated by concert audiences.

（A）heard

（B）sought

（C）admired

（D）reviewed

182. In his novella The Old Man and The Sea, Ernest Hemingway celebrates the indomitable courage of an elderly fisherman.

（A）discusses

（B）investigates

（C）praises

（D）analyzes

183. New England town meetings, in their most highly developed form, are assemblies of the voters.

（A）protests

（B）gatherings

（C）responsibilities

（D）liabilities

184. Less successful artists are often obliged to turn to engraving, stonecutting, sign painting, and other artist's tasks to earn a living.

（A）inspired

（B）asked

（C）forced

（D）tempted

185. Midway through its first century as a nation, the United States had expanded its population to roughly five times its initial size.

（A）actually

（B）approximately

（C）periodically

（D）at least

186. Because it is so small and so close to the Sun, the planet Mercury has been extremely difficult to observe.

（A）watch

（B）identify

（C）contact

（D）approach

187. To conceal itself, an octopus sensing danger will squirt a black fluid through an opening under its head.

（A）strain

（B）swallow

（C）soak up

（D）spurt out

188. The Smithsonian institution possesses a player pipe organ that features a drum and triangle in addition to its 183 pipes.

（A）runs

（B）has

（C）manufactures

（D）displays

189. More than 89 of the buildings in Annapolis, Maryland, were erected before the Revolutionary War.

（A）planned

（B）leveled

（C）enlarged

（D）constructed

190. San Francisco, one of the most appealing cities in the United States, is built on many hills.

（A）progressive

（B）attractive

（C）photographed

（D）lively

191. Companies in the United States usually reimburse employees's travel expenses incurred on business trips.

（A）share

（B）pay back

（C）ask for

（D）charge

192. Long-horned grasshoppers have auditory organs on their forelegs.

（A）jumping

（B）digestive

（C）hearing

（D）tactile

193. In the days leading up to the American Revolution, both the colonies and the British Crown were reluctant to take the final irrevocable step.

（A）irrational

（B）irreversible

（C）irresponsible

（D）irresistible

194. The quality and number of a city's public roads offer an excellent means of gauging its prosperity.

（A）protecting

（B）enriching

（C）tracing

（D）judging

195. Although it is commonly believed that an ostrich hides its head when confronted by danger, it actually runs away swiftly.

（A）rapidly

（B）forcefully

（C）hysterically

（D）comically

196. The demolition of so many of Toronto's fine nineteenth-century buildings has meant an irreparable cultural loss.

（A）destruction

（B）sale

（C）renovation

（D）demarcation

197. Youth hostels provide inexpensive lodging for young people throughout the United States and in other countries.

（A）clothes

（B）entertainment

（C）transportation

（D）accommodations

198. When submerged, the duckbill platypus keeps its eyes and ears closed, using its bill to locate food.

（A）undernourished

（B）underwater

（C）moving quickly

（D）feeding

199. Arna Wendell Bon temp's novel God Sends Sunday was adapted for the stage in 1946 as a musical play entitled St Louis Woman.

（A）named

（B）chosen for

（C）including

（D）starring

200. By the 1880's, living conditions in the congested Eastern Seaboard cities of the United States had become local scandals.

（A）developing

（B）diverse

（C）crowded

（D）wealthy

201. With respect to maneuverability, few birds can equal the capabilities of the humming bird, which hovers for long periods and even flies backward.

（A）With regard to

（B）With fondness for

（C）In appreciation of

（D）In favor of

202. After launching itself into flight, the flying squirrel is supported by a membrane of skin stretched tautly between its front and back legs.

（A）tightly

（B）carefully

（C）tidily

（D）comfortably

203. Early twentieth-century journalist H L Menchkin cheerfully mocked all that conventional people in the United States held dear.

（A）observed

（B）described

（C）accepted

（D）ridiculed

204. The Passamaquoddy and Penobscot people were confederates of the colonist in Maine at the time of the Revolutionary War.

（A）guardians

（B）teacher

（C）allies

（D）observers

205. The American painter Mary Cassatt lived mainly in France, where she embraced the study of impressionism.

（A）took up

（B）figured out

（C）came across

（D）ran into

206. The use of penicillin is limited by its tendency to induce allergic reactions.

（A）bring about

（B）stop

（C）interact with

（D）increase

207. Robert Frost's poetry is noted for its plain language, conventional poetic forms, and graceful style.

（A）unique

（B）traditional

（C）natural

（D）complex

208. Congressman Sam Rayburn's 25 consecutive terms in the House of representatives marked one of the longest tenures of any representative in United States history.

（A）successive

（B）prolonged

（C）elected

（D）limited

209. By 1930 two million women office workers, secretaries, typists, and flies clerks comprised one fifth of the female labor force.

（A）opposed

（B）made up

（C）took in

（D）followed

210. Fertilizer applied to soil can replace depleted nutrients.

（A）organic

（B）acidic

（C）exhausted

（D）desirable

211. Hailed as the "Queen of Soul", Aretha Franklin imparts a gospel sound to most of her music.

（A）Inaugurated

（B）Categorized

（C）Acclaimed

（D）Promoted

212. People have harnessed the Sun's energy since ancient times.

（A）acknowledged

（B）worshiped

（C）utilized

（D）polluted

213. Quebec's status as defined in the Canadian Constitution has been a recurring subject of debate in that province.

（A）realistic

（B）repeated

（C）renowned

（D）recent

214. In Arizona a small reduction in rainfall or temperature can drastically influence the growth of trees.

（A）virtually

（B）radically

（C）primarily

（D）conveniently

215. Scientists routinely deal with concepts such as uncertainty, probability, and hypothesis.

（A）reluctantly

（B）carefully

（C）commonly

（D）occasionally

216. Before the development of movable metal type in the mid-fifteenth century, news was disseminated by word of mouth, by letter, or by public notice.

（A）organized

（B）requested

（C）distributed

（D）limited

217. Although the study of politics dates back to Aristotle and Plato, political science only emerged as a separate discipline toward the end of the nineteenth century.

（A）law

（B）field

（C）belief

（D）reason

218. Lorraine Hansberry acquired a deep affection for Africa and its people from her Uncle William, a professor of African history at Howard University.

（A）respect

（B）concern

（C）longing

（D）fondness

219. The Sun Dance is considered by many to be the most spectacular ritual of the North American Plains Indians.

（A）ceremony

（B）ancestor

（C）scene

（D）costume

220. Choreographer Twyla Tharp uses familiar dance movements in original ways to create works filled with clever gestures and abrupt changes in motion and mood.

（A）graceful

（B）creative

（C）sudden

（D）dramatic

221. Under the rules of the International Olympic Committee, Jim Thorpe forfeited his amateur status when he played semiprofessional baseball in 1911.

（A）tested

（B）exploited

（C）announce

（D）lost

222. In her compositions Musical Theater, Agnes De Mile uses many specifically American motifs.

（A）steps

（B）themes

（C）instruments

（D）tunes

223. The sparsely populated northern region of the Canadian province of Manitoba is rich in copper, gold, nickel, and zinc.

（A）evenly

（B）thinly

（C）diversely

（D）recently

224. The five classic foot positions in ballet are the basis for the ethereal grace of the ballet dancer's art.

（A）balance

（B）traditional

（C）disciplined

（D）delicate

225. Even a stern judge will seldom impose maximum penalties on young offenders.

（A）strict

（B）ruthless

（C）biased

（D）conservative

226. The witch hazel plants tolerate poor soil, dust and limited sun.

（A）suffer from

（B）survive in

（C）thrive in

（D）die from

227. It is not easy for him to bear the drudgery of living in the woods.

（A）violence

（B）interest

（C）training

（D）tedium

228. In chemical factories, employees sometimes receive extra pay for doing hazardous work.

（A）unusual

（B）difficult

（C）dangerous

（D）unpleasant

229. Many news organizations feel a responsibility to safeguard the rights of citizens.

（A）define

（B）protect

（C）examine

（D）challenge

230. Galena, the chief ore of lead, is a brittle, lead gray mineral with a metallic luster.

（A）petrified

（B）dense

（C）breakable

（D）sparkling

231. Boy's Clubs do not deprive poor children of the opportunity to participate in sports.

（A）deny

（B）retract

（C）improvise

（D）dilute

232. As a result of the accident, the police revoked his driver's license.

（A）reconsidered

（B）exorcised

（C）canceled

（D）investigated

233. While serving in the Senate in the early 1970's, Barbara Jordan supported legislation to ban discrimination and to deal with environmental problems.

（A）list

（B）forbid

（C）handle

（D）investigate

234. In a bullfight, it is the movement, not the color, of objects that arouses the bull.

（A）confuses

（B）excites

（C）scares

（D）diverts

235. By today's standards, early farmers were imprudent because they planted the same crop repeatedly, exhausting the soil after a few harvests.

（A）unwise

（B）stubborn

（C）tiresome

（D）unscientific

236. If wool is submerged in hot water, it tends to shrink.

（A）smell fade

（B）fade

（C）unravel

（D）contract

237. After 1850, various states in the United States began to pass compulsory school attendance laws.

（A）harsh

（B）diversified

（C）mandatory

（D）complicated

238. Poor writing often confounds the reader.

（A）convinces

（B）embarrasses

（C）bewilders

（D）insults

239. The geographical ranges of the apes have dwindled.

（A）disappeared

（B）diminished

（C）become overcrowded

（D）lost foliage

240. The rosemary plant is an emblem of fidelity and remembrance.

（A）thoughtfulness

（B）tenderness

（C）faithfulness

（D）happiness

241. There is always excitement at the Olympic Games when a previous record of performance is surpassed.

（A）exceeded

（B）matched

（C）maintained

（D）announced

242. The number of United States citizens who are eligible to vote continues to increase.

（A）encouraged

（B）enforced

（C）expected

（D）entitled

243. But not all animal parents, even those that tend their offspring to the point of hatching or birth, feed their young.

（A）sit on

（B）move

（C）notice

（D）care for

244. Animals add it to their reproductive strategies to give them an edge in their lifelong quest for descendants.

（A）opportunity

（B）advantage

（C）purpose

（D）rest

245. And in the meantime those young are shielded against the vagaries of fluctuating of difficult-to-find supplies.

（A）raised

（B）protected

（C）hatched

（D）valued

246. Printmaking is the generic term for a number of processes, of which woodcut and engraving are two prime examples.

（A）principal

（B）complex

（C）general

（D）recent

247. Both wood cut and engraving have distinctive characteristics.

（A）unique

（B）accurate

（C）irregular

（D）similar

248. Its peoples became great traders, bartering jewellery, pottery, animal pelts, tools, and other goods along extensive trading networks that stretched up and down eastern North America and as far west as the Rocky Mountains.

（A）producing

（B）exchanging

（C）transporting

（D）loading

249. Over the next centuries, it was supplanted by another culture, the Mississippian, named after the river along which many of its earliest villages were located.

（A）conquered

（B）preceded

（C）replaced

（D）imitated

250. Only priests and those charged with guarding the flame could enter the temples.

（A）passed on

（B）experienced at

（C）interested in

（D）assigned to

251. Overland transport in the United States was still extremely primitive in 1790.

（A）unsafe

（B）unknown

（C）inexpensive

（D）undeveloped

252. The company built a gravel road within two years, and the success of the Lancaster Pike encouraged imitation.

（A）investment

（B）suggestion

（C）increasing

（D）copying

253. Like tree roots breaking up a sidewalk, the growing crystals exert pressure on the rock and eventually pry the rock apart along planes of weakness, such as banding in metamorphic rocks, bedding in sedimentary rocks, or preexisting or incipient fractions, and along boundaries between individual mineral crystals or grains.

（A）put

（B）reduce

（C）replace

（D）control

254. A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.

（A）large

（B）strong

（C）flexible

（D）pressured

255. A rock durable enough to have withstood natural conditions for a very long time in other areas could probably be shattered into small pieces by salt weathering within a few generations.

（A）arranged

（B）dissolved

（C）broken apart

（D）gathered together

256. The dominant salt in Death Valley is halite, or sodium chloride, but other salts, mostly carbonates and sulfates, also cause prying and wedging, as does ordinary ice.

（A）most recent

（B）most common

（C）least available

（D）least damaging

257. As Philadelphia grew from a small town into a city in the first half of the eighteenth century, it became an increasingly important marketing center for a vast and growing agricultural hinterland.

（A）tradition

（B）association

（C）produce

（D）region

258. Along with market days, the institution of twice-yearly fairs persisted in Philadelphia even after similar trading days had been discontinued in other colonial cities.

（A）returned

（B）started

（C）declined

（D）continued

259. Although governmental attempts to eradicate fairs and auctions were less than successful, the ordinary course of economic development was on the merchants' side, as increasing business specialization became the order of the day.

（A）eliminate

（B）exploit

（C）organize

（D）operate

260. One of the reasons Philadelphia's merchants generally prospered was because the surrounding area was undergoing tremendous economic and demographic growth.

（A）requesting

（B）experiencing

（C）repeating

（D）including

261. When incubators are not used, aviculturists sometimes suspend wooden boxes outdoors to use as nests in which to place eggs.

（A）build

（B）paint

（C）hang

（D）move

262. Similarly, these boxes should be protected from direct sunlight to avoid high temperatures that are also fatal to the growing embryo.

（A）close

（B）deadly

（C）natural

（D）hot

263. Nesting material should be added in sufficient amounts to avoid both extreme temperature situations mentioned above and assure that the eggs have a soft, secure place to rest.

（A）fresh

（B）dry

（C）safe

（D）warm

264. To measure soil texture, the sand, silt, and clay particles are sorted out by size and weight.

（A）mixed

（B）replaced

（C）carried

（D）separated

265. Clay particles are highly cohesive, and when dampened, behave as a plastic.

（A）damaged

（B）stretched

（C）moistened

（D）examined

266. In addition, an interviewer can go beyond written questions and probe for a subject's underlying feelings and reasons.

（A）explore

（B）influence

（C）analyze

（D）apply

267. Emotional health is evidenced in the voice by free and melodic sounds of the happy, by constricted and harsh sound of the angry, and by dull and lethargic qualities of the depressed.

（A）questioned

（B）repeated

（C）indicated

（D）exaggerated

268. Increasingly, too, schools were viewed as the most important means of integrating immigrants into American society.

（A）advantages

（B）probability

（C）method

（D）qualifications

269. Unlike those available for painting, the opportunities to exhibit sculpture in the United-States around the turn of the twentieth century were quite scarce.

（A）exciting

（B）expensive

（C）uncommon

（D）popular

270. As late as 1905, the Monumental News, a journal dedicated to the promotion of sculpture, lamented, "Exhibitions of sculptors' works are so comparatively rare."

（A）declared

（B）complained

（C）revealed

（D）described

271. He was a champion of the City Beautiful Movement-an effort to increase the presence of urban art-and defended the central role that sculpture played in its national program.

（A）critic

（B）founder

（C）creator

（D）supporter

272. Constructing the town, Pullman hoped to produce an ideal environment that would help attract workers of a superior type to the railway car industry and retain them.

（A）house

（B）train

（C）keep

（D）reward

273. However, after 1885, with the high gloss of the experiment dulled, it became clear that the residents of Pullman had honest grievances about the overcharging of rent and other services.

（A）stories

（B）opinions

（C）findings

（D）complaints

274. We now have some evidence that the symbolism used in masks is often universal.

（A）concern

（B）interest

（C）roof

（D）reference

275. Coding schemes were developed to enable researchers to compare the detailed facial positions of individual portions of die face (eyebrows, mouth, etc.) for different emotions.

（A）systems

（B）presentations

（C）proposals

（D）investigations

276. As suspected, the two sets of masks had significant differences in certain facial elements.

（A）excellent

（B）important

（C）continuous

（D）genuine

277. Natural selection has acted in a variety of ways in different species to enhance the efficacy of the behaviors, known as "flight behaviors" or escape behaviors that are used by prey in fleeing predators Perhaps the most direct adaptation is enhanced flight speed and agility.

（A）encourage

（B）resist

（C）increase

（D）reveal

278. Many species, like ptarmigans, snipes, and various antelopes and gazelles, flee from predators in a characteristic zigzag fashion.

（A）reliable

（B）fast

（C）constant

（D）unpredictable

279. Here, the alarmed prey flees for a short distance and then "freezes."

（A）moving

（B）selected

（C）frightened

（D）exhausted

280. "Flash" behavior is used in particular by frogs and orthopteran insects, which make conspicuous jumps and then sit immobile.

（A）especially

（B）with difficulty

（C）expertly

（D）frequently

281. For example, James Reonell provided the first accurate map of the currents in the Atlantic Ocean, and the United States Coast Survey made extensive studies of the Gulf Stream.

（A）correct

（B）published

（C）detailed

（D）accepted

282. The HMS Challenger expedition provided valuable information about the seabed, including the discovery of manganese nodules that are now being seen as a potentially valuable source of minerals.

（A）boat

（B）evidence

（C）voyage

（D）route

283. He devised new techniques for measuring ocean depths, and his work proved of great value in laying the first transatlantic telegraph cables.

（A）tested

（B）understood

（C）popularized

（D）developed

284. It was in the mining regions where engineers, who needed a better system for organizing the various types of rock scattered across Earth's surface, first grappled with scientific approaches to understanding the age of various rocks-and the age of Earth.

（A）competed

（B）struggled

（C）agreed

（D）searched

285. Rock type, hardness, and size thus established mountain type, and rock type also became a proxy for age.

（A）substitute

（B）preparation

（C）product

（D）choice

286. Organic fanning essentially refers to farming that does not depend on chemical fertilizers; rather, soils are invigorated by applying manure and by plowing in crop wastes, such as corn stalks and bean vines, and compost.

（A）probably

（B）biologically

（C）basically

（D）automatically

287. Any variety of plant will make the full complement of vitamins it needs, regardless of species.

（A）demand

（B）effect

（C）replacement

（D）range

288. The frame buffer is nothing more than a giant image memory for viewing a single frame.

（A）increasingly

（B）simply

（C）paiticularly

（D）instantly

289. The computer computes the positions and colors for ihe figures in the picture, and sends this information to the recorder, which captures it on film.

（A）separates

（B）registers

（C）describes

（D）numbers

290. Once this process is completed, it is repeated for the next frame.

（A）before

（B）since

（C）after

（D）while

291. Often, computer-animation companies first do motion tests with simple computer-generated line drawings before selling their computers to the task of calculating the high-resolution, realistic-looking images.

（A）possibility

（B）position

（C）time

（D）job

292. They came to the short-lived colony known as New Sweden, founded in 1638, loose organization and local autonomy fostered a cultural line fusion between native and settler cultures that proved one of the most notable-and least understood-developments of early North American history.

（A）encouraged

（B）predated

（C）predicted

（D）rejected

293. They came to the short-lived colony known as New Sweden, founded in 1638, loose organization and local autonomy fostered a cultural line fusion between native and settler cultures that proved one of the most notable-and least understood-developments of early North American history.

（A）social

（B）predictable

（C）remarkable

（D）early

294. But Scandinavian men were familiar with hunting and receptive to learning the hunting methods of the local Native Americans.

（A）suspicious of

（B）ready for

（C）dependent on

（D）new to

295. The most common symbol of pioneer North America, the log cabin, emerged in the Delaware Valley, and ought to serve as a symbol of this composite culture.

（A）enlarged

（B）disappeared

（C）remained

（D）developed

296. Horse-drawn coaches were neither a competitive nor a comfortable alternative given the deplorable slate of the nation's highways; and though bicycles were popular in both town and country, they, too, were hampered by poor road surfaces.

（A）unusable

（B）worn

（C）awful

（D）difficult

297. Horse-drawn coaches were neither a competitive nor a comfortable alternative given the deplorable slate of the nation's highways; and though bicycles were popular in both town and country, they, too, were hampered by poor road surfaces.

（A）restrained

（B）supported

（C）favored

（D）damaged

298. However, yellow dyes—whether from weld or some other plant source such as saffron or turmeric, invariably fade or disappear.

（A）without exception

（B）steadily

（C）after some time

（D）noticeably

299. The range of natural colors was hugely expanded and, indeed, superseded by the chemical dyes developed during the eighteen hundreds.

（A）strengthened

（B）improved

（C）replaced

（D）complemented

300. Only the relatively small Florida gar, seldom longer than two feet, lives in the Everglades.

（A）slightfy

（B）similarly

（C）rarely

（D）apparently

301. As with all gars, the Florida gar is predatory and is adept at catching smaller fish from schools by using a fast sideways snap of the jaws.

（A）skilled

（B）unusual

（C）alone

（D）observed

302. They also have the dual ability to breathe air and water and can be observed regularly rising to the surface of the water to renew the air in their swim bladders.

（A）complex

（B）useful

（C）deep

（D）double

303. In rougher parts of the inland valleys area and in eastern Oregon prior to the arrival of the horse (first introduced to the area some 300 years ago), it was the principal mode of long-distance travel.

（A）original

（B）simple

（C）main

（D）ordinary

304. In winter, snowshoes were used for hunting expeditions, ID the Klamath area, where lakes were well stocked with waterfowl and plant products, Native Americans used mudshoes (built similarly to snowshoes) to keep from sinking in the mud.

（A）utilized

（B）endangered

（C）supplied

（D）hunted

305. The canoes were expertly carved in a variety of shapes and sizes to ensure a smooth and quiet voyage even in rough waters.

（A）guarantee

（B）decrease

（C）convince

（D）continue

306. Throughout Earth's history, carbon dioxide on Earth has mixed with rain to dissolve rocks; the dissolved rock and carbon dioxide eventually flow into the oceans, where they precipitate to form new terrestrial rocks, often with the help of life-forms.

（A）in the past

（B）first

（C）ultimately

（D）occasionally

307. If this carbon dioxide were released from the Earth's rocks, along with other carbon dioxide trapped in seawater, our atmosphere would become as dense and have as high a pressure as that of Venus.

（A）caught

（B）transported

（C）lacking

（D）involved

308. Sulfuric acid may sound strange as a cloud constituent, but the Earth too has a significant layer of sulfuric acid droplets in its stratosphere.

（A）type

（B）alternative

（C）product

（D）component

309. In an era when the United States was shifting from an agricultural to an industrially based economy, artists turned to the vitality of the city for their themes, sometimes documenting the lives of the nation's urban inhabitants with a literalness that shocked viewers accustomed to the bland generalizations of academic art.

（A）thoughtless

（B）regulated

（C）false

（D）dull

310. The developments toward realism and new pictorial subject matter introduced by this revolution are explained in part by the fact that the academic spirit had become anathema to many young painters by the beginning of the twentieth century, when the professional survival of an artist was largely contingent on membership in the National Academy of Design, the American equivalent of the French Academy of Arts.

（A）unrelated to

（B）separate from

（C）expanded on

（D）dependent on

311. The National Academy of Design perpetuated the Traditions of the French Academy, such as annual juried exhibitions.

（A）started

（B）influenced

（C）continued

（D）changed

312. Also a fertile period for American photography, the era before the Second World War witnessed the development of photo journalism, as well as social documentary and advertising photography.

（A）opposed

（B）observed

（C）influenced

（D）resulted in

313. Fulfillment in life-as opposed to concern about an afterlife-became a desirable goal, and expressing the entire range of human emotions and enjoying the pleasures of the senses were no longer frowned on.

（A）given up

（B）forgotten about

（C）argued about

（D）disapproved of

314. These changes in outlook deeply affected the musical culture of the Renaissance period—how people thought about music as well as the way music was composed, experienced, discussed, and disseminated.

（A）played

（B）documented

（C）spread

（D）analyzed

315. The thick, woolly fleece of the domestic sheep is its distinguishing feature and the source of much of its economic importance.

（A）quantity

（B）result

（C）basis

（D）cost

316. Much of the selective breeding that led to the fleece types known today took place in prehistory, and even the later developments went largely unchronicled.

（A）unquestioned

（B）unexplained

（C）unnoticed

（D）unrecorded

317. Antique depictions of sheep in sculpture, relief, and painting give even earlier clues to the character of ancient fleeces.

（A）proofs

（B）indications

（C）colors

（D）variations

318. They retain the characteristics of ancient sheep, providing living snapshots of the process that gave rise to modern fleeces.

（A）replaced by

（B）favored over

（C）brought about

（D）found out

319. The strikingly new forms of architecture that appeared in the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries were built to meet the needs of industry and of commerce based on industry, in a society whose essential character and internal relationships had been sharply transformed by the Industrial Revolution.

（A）aggressively

（B）specifically

（C）noticeably

（D）occasionally

320. About the middle of the nineteenth century, mechanized industrial production began to demand large, well-lighted interiors in which manufacturing could be carried on.

（A）conducted

（B）supervised

（C）moved about

（D）improved

321. The marketing of industrial products necessitated large-scale storage spaces, and enormous shops selling under one roof a wide variety of items.

（A）identified

（B）replaced

（C）required

（D）supplied

322. Hence, the characteristic new architectural forms of the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries have been the factory, the multistory office building, the warehouse, the department store, the apartment house, the railway station, the large theater, and the gigantic sports stadium.

（A）moreover

（B）nevertheless

（C）in contrast

（D）for these reasons

323. Famed for their high-elevation forests, the Appalachian Mountains sweep south from Quebec to Alabama.

（A）brush

（B）extend

（C）clear

（D）hurry

324. The Blue Ridge technically includes among its major spurs the Great Smoky Mountains and the Black Mountains Mount Mitchell, in the latter range, is at 6,684 feet the highest peak east of the Mississippi River.

（A）partially

（B）similarly

（C）likely

（D）officially

325. A rapidly advancing contemporary science that is highly dependent on new tools is Earth system science.

（A）little-known

（B）informative

（C）current

（D）exciting

326. Important new tools that facilitate Earth system science include satellite remote sensing, small deep-sea submarines, and geographic information systems.

（A）enable

（B）require

（C）organize

（D）examine

327. Earth system science was born from the realization of that interdependence.

（A）observation

（B）assumption

（C）explanation

（D）recognition

328. New tools for exploring previously inaccessible areas of the Earth have also added greatly to our knowledge of the Earth system.

（A）unreachable

（B）undiscovered

（C）unexplored

（D）unpredictable

329. There they have discovered new species and ecosystems thriving near deep-sea vents that emit heat, sasses, and mineral-rich water.

（A）surviving

（B）flourishing

（C）feeding

（D）competing

330. Often working with no staff at all, these editors wrote copy, set type, delivered papers, oversaw billing, and sold advertising.

（A）estimated

（B）supervised

（C）collected

（D）provided

331. Often working with no staff at all, these editors wrote copy, set type, delivered papers, oversaw billing, and sold advertising.

（A）confirmed

（B）compared

（C）questioned

（D）presented

332. By 1900, Washington boasted 19 daily and 176 weekly papers.

（A）planned

（B）financed

（C）was forced to close

（D）took pride in having

333. Then came the close-up images obtained by the exploratory spacecraft Voyager 2, and within days, Europa was transformed—in our perception, at least—into one of the solar system's most intriguing worlds.

（A）changing

（B）perfect

（C）visible

（D）fascinating

334. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle.

（A）new

（B）final

（C）temporary

（D）continuous

335. A print may exist in several versions.

（A）ideas

（B）numbers

（C）functions

（D）forms

336. Prints made from linoleum, which wears readily, will be fewer than those made from a metal plate, which is capable of striking fine-quality prints in the thousands. It is customary to number prints as they come off the press, the earlier impressions being the finest and therefore the most desirable.

（A）necessary

（B）attractive

（C）legal

（D）usual

337. Line, shape, or texture may be the predominant element according to the printing technique used.

（A）in addition to

（B）in order to

（C）regardless of

（D）depending on

338. Two of these laws, the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933 and the National Recovery Act of 1933 (NIRA), had particular significance for water resource development.

（A）difference

（B）disturbance

（C）importance

（D）excellence

339. To counter these natural obstacles, the Tennessee Valley Authority Act of 1933 created the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA), a public agency with broad powers to promote development in the region, including the authority to build dams and reservoirs and to generate and sell hydroelectric power.

（A）explain

（B）measure

（C）exploit

（D）overcome

340. The TVA used its authority to transform the Tennessee River into one of the most highly regulated rivers in the world within about two decades.

（A）clean

（B）change

（C）control

（D）widen

341. The NIRA also gave the United States President unprecedented powers to initiate public works, including water projects.

（A）not extensive

（B）not used often

（C）not existing before

（D）not needing money

342. Stones suitable for use as anvils are not easy to find, and often a chimpanzee may carry a haul of nuts more than 40 meters to find a suitable anvil.

（A）diet

（B）type

（C）load

（D）branch

343. To make a twig more effective for digging out termites, for example, a chimp may first strip it of its leaves.

（A）search

（B）eat

（C）carry

（D）remove

344. This development radically changed the types of sediments that accumulated on the seafloor, because, while the organic parts of the plankton decayed after the organisms died, their mineralized skeletons often survived and sank to the bottom.

（A）depended

（B）matured

（C）dissolved

（D）collected

345. Newbery notwithstanding, Americans still looked on children's books as vehicles for instruction, not amusement, though they would accept a moderate amount of fictional entertainment for the sake of more successful instruction.

（A）in spite of

（B）in addition to

（C）as a result of

（D）as a part o

346. As the children's book market expanded, then, what both public and publishers wanted was the kind of fiction Maria Edgeworth wrote: stories interesting enough to attract children and morally instructive enough to allay adult distrust of fiction.

（A）clarify

（B）attack

（C）reduce

（D）confirm

347. A wave of nationalism permeated everything, and the self-conscious new nation found foreign writings (particularly those from the British monarchy) unsuitable for the children of a democratic republic, a state of self-governing, equal citizens.

（A）opposed

（B）improved

（C）competed with

（D）spread through

348. The characters of children in this fiction were serious, conscientious, self-reflective, and independent testimony to the continuing influence of the earlier American moralistic tradition in children's books.

（A）inspiration for

（B）evidence of

（C）requirement for

（D）development of

349. The framework of a lichen is usually a network of minute hairlike fungus that anchors the plant.

（A）structure

（B）fragment

（C）condition

（D）environment

350. Lichens, probably the hardiest of all plants, live where virtually nothing else can—not just on rugged mountain peaks but also on sunbaked desert rocks.

（A）most unusual

（B）most basic

（C）most abundant

（D）most vigorous

351. When water is scarce (as is often the case on a mountain), lichens may become dormant and remain in that condition for prolonged periods of time.

（A）precise

（B）extended

（C）approximate

（D）regular

352. For decades, scientists wondered how the offspring of an alga and a fungus got together to form a new lichen, it seemed unlikely that they would just happen to encounter one another.

（A）lose

（B）support

（C）meet

（D）create

353. Scholars have deciphered other ancient languages, such as Sumerian, Akkadian, and Babylonian, which used the cuneiform script, because of the fortuitous discovery of bilingual inscriptions.

（A）important

（B）sudden

（C）early

（D）lucky

354. The Rosetta stone thwarted scholars' efforts for several decades until the early nineteenth century when several key hieroglyphic phrases were decoded using the Greek inscriptions.

（A）continued

（B）influenced

（C）encouraged

（D）frustrated

355. Over 25,000 islands are scattered across the surface of the Pacific, more than in all the other oceans combined, but their land area adds up to little more than 125,000 square kilometers, about the size of New York State, and their inhabitants total less than two million people, about a quarter of the number that live in New York City.

（A）widely known

（B）usually estimated

（C）rarely inhabited

（D）irregularly distributed

356. Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics, but even the most favored are very isolated fragments of land, strictly circumscribed by the ocean, strictly limited in terms of the numbers of people they can support.

（A）regarding

（B）because of

（C）taking advantage of

（D）in place of

357. Many are uninhabitable, by virtue of their small size and particular characteristics, but even the most favored are very isolated fragments of land, strictly circumscribed by the ocean, strictly limited in terms of the numbers of people they can support.

（A）located

（B）flooded

（C）restricted

（D）pushed

358. Simply surviving those ocean crossings of indeterminate length, in open canoes, to arrive on the shores of uninhabited and hitherto unknown islands, was a formidable achievement.

（A）undecided

（B）uncertain

（C）unacceptable

（D）increasing

359. With much of the water vapor already condensed into water and the concentration of carbon dioxide dwindling, the atmosphere gradually became rich nitrogen.

（A）accidentally

（B）quickly

（C）in the end

（D）by degrees

360. A second, more dense atmosphere, however, gradually enveloped Earth as gasses from molten rocks within its hot interior escaped through volcanoes and steam vents.

（A）surrounded

（B）changed

（C）escaped

（D）characterized

361. At any rate, plant growth greatly enriched our atmosphere with oxygen.

（A）regardless

（B）in addition

（C）although unlikely

（D）fortunately

362. The tides on Europa pull and relax in an endless cycle.

（A）new

（B）final

（C）temporary

（D）continuous

363. Although population and sedentary living were increasing at the time, there is little evidence that people lacked adequate wild food resources; the newly domesticated foods supplemented a continuing mixed subsistence of hunting, fishing, and gathering wild plants.

（A）sufficient

（B）healthful

（C）varied

（D）dependable

364. It has been suggested that some early cultivation was for medicinal and ceremonial plants rather than for food.

（A）in addition to

（B）instead of

（C）as a replacement

（D）such as

365. Many ants forage across the countryside in large numbers and undertake mass migrations; these activities proceed because one ant lays a trail on the ground for the others to follow.

（A）look up

（B）walk toward

（C）revolve around

（D）search for food

366. As a worker ant returns home after finding a source of food, it marks the route by intermittently touching its stinger to the ground and depositing a tiny amount of trail pheromone—a mixture of chemicals that delivers diverse messages as the context changes.

（A）periodically

（B）incorrectly

（C）rapidly

（D）roughly

367. A trail pheromone will evaporate to furnish the highest concentration of vapor right over the trail, in what is called a vapor space.

（A）include

（B）provide

（C）cover

（D）select

368. In following the trail, the ant moves to the right and left, oscillating from side to side across the line of the trail itself, bringing first one and then the other antenna into the vapor space.

（A）falling

（B）depositing

（C）swinging

（D）starting

369. Ultimately, literature is aesthetically valued, regardless of language, culture, or mode of presentation, because some significant verbal achievement results from the struggle in words between tradition and talent.

（A）frequently

（B）normally

（C）whenever possible

（D）in the end

370. Verbal art has the ability to shape out a compelling inner vision in some skillfully crafted public verbal form.

（A）joyous

（B）intricate

（C）competing

（D）forceful

371. They have shown exceptional imagination in applying the diverse forms of contemporary art to a wide variety of purposes.

（A）remarkable

（B）fearless

（C）expert

（D）visible

372. The specialized requirements of particular urban situations have further expanded the use of art in public places: in Memphis, sculptor Richard Hunt has created a monument to Martin Luther King, Jr., who was slain there; in New York, Dan Flavin and Bill Brand have contributed neon and animation works to the enhancement of mass transit facilities.

（A）replacement

（B）design

（C）improvement

（D）decoration

373. And in numerous cities, art is being raised as a symbol of the commitment to revitalize urban areas.

（A）show the importance of

（B）promise to enlarge

（C）bring new life to

（D）provide artworks for

374. Artists are recognizing the distinction between public and private spaces, and taking that into account when executing their public commissions.

（A）judging

（B）selling

（C）explaining

（D）producing

375. When the putrefied material is examined microscopically, it is found to be teeming with bacteria.

（A）full of

（B）developing into

（C）resistant to

（D）hurt by

376. Pasteur showed that structures present in air closely resemble the microorganisms seen in putrefying materials.

（A）benefit from

（B）appear similar to

（C）join together with

（D）grow from

377. He postulated that these bodies are constantly being deposited on all objects.

（A）analyzed

（B）doubted

（C）persuaded

（D）suggested

378. In the minds of agrarian thinkers and writers, the farmer was a person on whose well-being the health of the new country depended.

（A）improved

（B）relied

（C）demanded

（D）explained

379. And virtually all policy makers, whether they subscribed to the tenets of the philosophy held by Jefferson or not, recognized agriculture as the key component of the American economy.

（A）contributed to

（B）agreed with

（C）thought about

（D）expanded on

380. Farmers streamed to the West, filling frontier lands with stunning rapidity.

（A）predictable

（B）impressive

（C）famous

（D）gradual

381. The wide variety of climates in North America has helped spawn a complex pattern of soil regions.

（A）distinguish

（B）eliminate

（C）protect

（D）create

382. In general, the realm's soils also reflect the broad environmental partitioning into "humid America" and "arid America."

（A）division

（B）modification

（C）opening

（D）circulating

383. Glaciation also enhanced the rich legacy of fertile soils in the central United States, both from the deposition of mineral-rich glacial debris left by meltwater and from thick layers of fine wind-blown glacial material, called loess, in and around the middle Mississippi Valley.

（A）implied

（B）increased

（C）indicated

（D）informed

384. The forests of North America tend to make a broad transition by latitude.

（A）elevation

（B）change

（C）advantage

（D）condition

385. When the bag was ignited, the metal burned with an intense flash.

（A）set on fire

（B）cut into

（C）opened

（D）shaken

386. The evolution of the photoflash was slow, flashbulbs, containing fine wire made of a metal, such as magnesium or aluminum, capable of being ignited in an atmosphere of pure oxygen at low pressure, were introduced only in the 1920's.

（A）publicity

（B）adoption

（C）development

（D）manufacture

387. In each case enough energy is given out to heat the oxidizable metal momentarily to a white-hot emission of visible light.

（A）effortlessly

（B）briefly

（C）electronically

（D）gradually

388. The Impressionists wanted to depict what they saw in nature, but they were inspired to portray fragmentary moments by the increasingly fast pace of modern life.

（A）reorganize

（B）deform

（C）represent

（D）justify

389. For example, the shift from the studio to the open air was made possible in part by the advent of cheap rail travel, which permitted easy and quick access to the countryside or seashore, as well as by newly developed chemical dyes and oils that led to collapsible paint tubes, which enabled artists to finish their paintings on the spot.

（A）achievement

（B）acceptance

（C）arrival

（D）advantage

390. Among the 165 paintings exhibited was one called Impression: Sunrise, by Claude Monet (1840-1926), Viewed through hostile eyes, Monet's painting of a rising sun over a misty, watery scene seemed messy, slapdash, and an affront to good taste.

（A）insult

（B）encouragement

（C）return

（D）credit

391. By far the most important United States export product in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries was cotton, favored by the European textile industry over flax or wool because it was easy to process and soft to tile touch.

（A）preferred

（B）recommended

（C）imported

（D）included

392. Cotton could be grown throughout the South, but separating the fiber—or lint—from the seed was a laborious process.

（A）unfamiliar

（B）primitive

（C）skilled

（D）difficult

393. The interaction of improved processing and high demand led to the rapid spread of the cultivation of cotton and to a surge in production.

（A）sharp increase

（B）sudden stop

（C）important change

（D）excess amount

394. The growing market for cotton and other American agricultural products led to an unprecedented expansion of agricultural settlement, mostly in the eastern half of the United States—west of the Appalachian Mountains and east of the Mississippi River.

（A）slow

（B）profitable

（C）not seen before

（D）never explained

395. The origins of nest-building remain obscure, but current observation of nest-building activities provide evidence of their evolution.

（A）interesting

（B）unclear

（C）imperfect

（D）complex

396. Birds also display remarkable behavior in collecting building materials.

（A）communicate

（B）imitate

（C）initiate

（D）exhibit

397. The carrying capacity of the eagles, however, is only relative to their size and most birds are able to carry an extra load of just over twenty percent of their body weight.

（A）weight

（B）number

（C）section

（D）level

398. A survey must be based on a precise, representative sampling if it is to genuinely reflect a broad range of the population.

（A）planned

（B）rational

（C）required

（D）accurate

399. In preparing to conduct a survey, sociologists must exercise great care in the wording of questions.

（A）utilize

（B）consider

（C）design

（D）defend

400. Even questions that are less structured must be carefully phrased in order to elicit the type of information desired.

（A）compose

（B）rule out

（C）predict

（D）bring out

答案

1-10　AABCB DBCBC

11-20　ACCAB DABDB

21-30　DBDAB CDBBD

31-40　CCACB DADCA

41-50　CCCAB CABCA

51-60　BADAC DCACB

61-70　CDCBB AAABA

71-80　ACBCC BDDCD

81-90　ACABA DDCBB

91-100　DCCBC ABACC

101-110　CADAC CCDBA

111-120　ABCCB ACDBD

121-130　AADBB DAABB

131-140　DCDAA ADABB

141-150　ABCAD ADAAC

151-160　ABDCD BCABB

161-170　ABBDC ADCAC

171-180　ACDDA DDAAB

181-190　CCBCB ADBDB

191-200　BCBDA ADBAC

201-210　AADCA ABABC

211-220　CCBBC CBDAC

221-230　DBBDA ADCBC

231-240　BCCBA DCCBC

241-250　ADDBB AABCD

251-260　DDABC BDDAB

261-270　CBCDC ACCCB

271-280　DCDDA BCDCA

281-290　ACDBA CDBBC

291-300　DACBD CAACC

301-310　ADCCA CADDD

311-320　CBDCC DACCA

321-330　CDBDC ADABB

331-340　DDDDD DDCDB

341-350　CCDDA CDBAD

351-360　BCDDD BCBDA

361-370　ADABD ABCDD

371-380　ACCDA BDBBB

381-390　DABBA CBCCA

391-400　ADACB DADAD